Indlela yokwahlulela ikhwalithi yomugqa wokuhlanganisa we-workshop?
Okubalulekile ukuvimbela amaphutha ukuthi enzeka.
Kuyini "ubufakazi bephutha"?
I-Poka-YOKE ibizwa nge-POKA-YOKE ngesi-Japanese kanye Nobufakazi Bephutha noma Ubufakazi Bobuwula ngesiNgisi.
Kungani kukhulunywa ngesiJapane lapha? Abangane abasebenza embonini yezimoto noma embonini yokukhiqiza kumele bazi noma bezwe ngeToyota Production System (TPS) yeToyota Motor Corporation.
Umqondo we-POKA-YOKE waqalwa ngu-Shingo Shingo, uchwepheshe wokuphatha ikhwalithi waseJapane nomsunguli we-TOYOTA Production System, futhi wathuthukiswa waba ithuluzi lokufeza ukukhubazeka okungama-zero futhi ekugcineni aqede ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi.
Ngokwezwi nezwi, i-poka-joke isho ukuvimbela amaphutha ukuthi enzeka. Ukuze siqonde ngempela i-poka-joke, ake siqale sibheke “amaphutha” nokuthi kungani enzeka.
"Amaphutha" adala ukuphambuka kulokho okulindelwe, okungase kugcine kuholele ekushiyekeni, futhi ingxenye enkulu yesizathu ukuthi abantu badebeselele, baqulekile, njll.
Embonini yokukhiqiza, ukukhathazeka kwethu okukhulu ukwenzeka kokulimala kwemikhiqizo. “Umuntu, umshini, impahla, indlela, indawo ezungezile” konke kungaba nengxenye ekushiyekeni.
Amaphutha abantu awanakugwenywa futhi awanakugwenywa ngokuphelele. Lawa maphutha angaphinda athinte imishini, izinto zokwakha, izindlela, indawo ezungezile, nezilinganiso, njengoba imizwa yabantu ayihlali izinzile futhi ingaholela emaphutheni afana nokusebenzisa izinto ezingalungile.
Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela umqondo "wokuvimbela amaphutha", ngokugxila okubalulekile ekulweni namaphutha abantu. Ngokuvamile asixoxi ngamaphutha amathuluzi nezinto ezibonakalayo endaweni efanayo.
1. Yiziphi izimbangela zamaphutha abantu?
Ukukhohlwa, ukutolika ngokungeyikho, ukukhomba ngokungeyikho, amaphutha abaqalayo, amaphutha ngamabomu, amaphutha anganaki, amaphutha okunethezeka, amaphutha ngenxa yokushoda kwezindinganiso, amaphutha angahlosiwe, namaphutha ngamabomu.
1. Ngiyakhohlwa:Lapho singagxili entweni ethile, cishe singayikhohlwa.
2. Ukuqonda amaphutha:Sivame ukuhumusha ulwazi olusha ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kwangaphambilini.
3. Amaphutha okuhlonza:Amaphutha angenzeka uma sibheka ngokushesha, singaboni kahle, noma singanaki kakhulu.
4. Amaphutha abaqalayo:Amaphutha abangelwa ukuntula isipiliyoni; isibonelo, abasebenzi abasha ngokuvamile benza amaphutha amaningi kunabasebenzi abanolwazi.
5. Amaphutha ngamabomu:Amaphutha enziwe ngokukhetha ukungalandeli imithetho ethile ngesikhathi esithile, njengokusebenzisa ilambu elibomvu.
6. Amaphutha angahlosile:Amaphutha abangelwa ukungabi nangqondo kwengqondo, ngokwesibonelo, ukuwela umgwaqo uqulekile ngaphandle kokuqaphela ilambu elibomvu.
7. Amaphutha e-Iertia:Amaphutha abangelwa ukwahlulela okunensayo noma isenzo, njengokubhuleka kancane kakhulu.
8. Amaphutha adalwe ukushoda kwamazinga:Ngaphandle kwemithetho, kuzoba nesiphithiphithi.
9. Amaphutha engozi:Amaphutha abangelwa izimo ezingalindelekile, njengokuhluleka okungazelelwe kwemishini ethile yokuhlola.
10. Iphutha Lamabomu:Iphutha lomuntu ngamabomu, okuwuphawu olubi.
2. Lawa maphutha aletha miphi imiphumela ekukhiqizeni?
Kunezibonelo eziningi zamaphutha ezenzeka phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezikhiqizwayo, lawa maphutha angase alethe imiphumela elandelayo ekukhiqizeni:
a. Inqubo engekho
b. Iphutha lokusebenza
c. Iphutha lokusetha ucezu lokusebenza
d. Izingxenye ezingekho
e. Ukusebenzisa ingxenye engalungile
f. Iphutha lokucubungula ucezu lokusebenza
g. Ukungasebenzi kahle
h. Iphutha lokulungisa
i. Imingcele yemishini engalungile
j. Ukulungiswa okungalungile
Uma imbangela kanye nomphumela wephutha kuxhunywe, sithola isibalo esilandelayo.
Ngemva kokuhlaziya izimbangela nemiphumela, kufanele siqale ukuzixazulula.
3. Izinyathelo zokulwa nemibono yokuvimbela amaphutha
Sekuyisikhathi eside izinkampani ezinkulu zithembele "ekuqeqeshweni nasekujezisweni" njengezinyathelo eziyinhloko zokuvimbela amaphutha abantu. Ama-operators athole ukuqeqeshwa okubanzi, futhi abaphathi bagcizelela ukubaluleka kokuthatha izinto ngokungathi sína, ukusebenza kanzima, nokuqaphela ikhwalithi. Lapho kwenzeka amaphutha, amaholo namabhonasi ngokuvamile kwakudonswa njengendlela yesijeziso. Nokho, kuyinselele ukuqeda ngokuphelele amaphutha abangelwa ubudedengu bomuntu noma ukukhohlwa. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuvimbela amaphutha "yokuqeqeshwa nokujeziswa" ayizange iphumelele ngokuphelele. Indlela entsha yokuvimbela amaphutha, i-POKA-YOKE, ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa imishini ethile noma izindlela zokusiza opharetha ukuthi babone kalula amaphutha ngesikhathi sokusebenza noma ukuvimbela amaphutha ngemva kwamaphutha okusebenza. Lokhu kuvumela ama-opharetha ukuthi azihlole futhi enze amaphutha abonakale kakhudlwana.
Ngaphambi kokuqala, kusadingeka ukugcizelela izimiso ezimbalwa zokuvimbela amaphutha:
1. Gwema ukwengeza emthwalweni womsebenzi wabaqhubi ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle.
2. Cabangela izindleko futhi ugweme ukuphishekela izinto ezibizayo ngaphandle kokucabangela ukusebenza kwazo kwangempela.
3. Nikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.
4. Izimiso eziyishumi ezinkulu zokuvimbela amaphutha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo
Kusukela ku-methodology kuya ekusebenzeni, sinezimiso ezingu-10 ezinkulu zokuvimbela amaphutha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo.
1. Isimiso sokuqeda izimpande
Izimbangela zamaphutha zizosuswa ezimpandeni ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha.
Isithombe esingenhla yiphaneli yepulasitiki yomshini wegiya.
I-bulge ne-groove yakhelwe ngamabomu kuphaneli nesisekelo ukuze kugwenywe isimo lapho iphaneli yepulasitiki ifakwe ibheke phansi ukusuka ezingeni lokuklama.
2. Isimiso sokuphepha
Izenzo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kufanele zenziwe ndawonye noma ngokulandelana ukuze kuqedwe umsebenzi.
Izisebenzi eziningi ezihilelekile ekugxivizeni isitembu ziyehluleka ukususa izandla noma iminwe ngesikhathi ngesikhathi sokugxiviza, okungaholela ekulimaleni okubi kakhulu. Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa ukuthi okokusebenza kokugxiviza kuzosebenza kuphela lapho izandla zombili zicindezela inkinobho kanye kanye. Ngokungeza i-grating evikelayo ngaphansi kwesikhunta, ungqimba olwengeziwe lokuphepha lunganikezwa, olunikeza ukuvikeleka okuphindwe kabili.
3. Isimiso esizenzakalelayo
Sebenzisa izimiso ezihlukahlukene zokubona, zikagesi, zemishini, nezekhemikhali ukuze ulawule noma utshele izenzo ezithile ukuze uvimbele amaphutha.
Uma ukufakwa kungekho endaweni, inzwa izodlulisela isignali kutheminali futhi ikhiphe isikhumbuzi ngendlela yekhwela, ukukhanya okukhanyayo, nokudlidliza.
4. Umgomo wokuhambisana
Ngokuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwesenzo, amaphutha angagwenywa. Lesi sibonelo sifana kakhulu nesimiso sokusika izimpande. Isembozo se-screw senzelwe ukugoqa ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi sinwebeke kolunye; umzimba ohambelana nawo uklanyelwe ukuba nohlangothi olulodwa oluphakeme nolunye oluphansi futhi lungafakwa kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa.
5. Isimiso sokulandelana
Ukuze ugweme ukubuyisela emuva ukuhleleka noma inqubo yomsebenzi, ungayihlela ngokulandelana kwezinombolo.
Okungenhla ibhakhodi ezophrintwa kuphela ngemva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa. Ngokuhlola kuqala bese sikhipha ibhakhodi, singagwema ukuphuthelwa yinqubo yokuhlola.
6. Isimiso sokuzihlukanisa
Hlukanisa izindawo ezahlukene ukuze uvikele izindawo ezithile futhi ugweme amaphutha.
Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa okokusebenza kwe-laser okwenza buthaka kuphaneli yezinsimbi. Lokhu okokusebenza kuzothola ngokuzenzakalelayo isimo sangempela sokuphuma kwenqubo. Uma kutholakala ukuthi awufaneleki, umkhiqizo ngeke ususwe futhi uzobekwa endaweni ehlukile eklanyelwe abangafanelekile.imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngomshini.
7. Isimiso sokukopisha
Uma umsebenzi ofanayo udinga ukwenziwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili, uqedwa ngokuthi “ukukopisha.”
Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa kokubili kwesobunxele nakwesokudlaizingxenye ze-cnc zangokwezifisokwewindshield. Zakhiwe ngokufana, azifanisiwe. Ngokuqhubeka nokwenza kahle, inani lezingxenye lincishisiwe, okwenza kube lula ukuphatha nokunciphisa amathuba okuba namaphutha.
8. Isimiso sesendlalelo
Ukuze ugweme ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukene ngokungalungile, zama ukuyihlukanisa.
Kunomehluko emininingwaneni phakathi kwezingxenye ezisezingeni eliphezulu neziphansi, okulula ukuthi opharetha bahlukanise futhi bahlangane kamuva.
9. Isimiso sesixwayiso
Uma kwenzeka into engavamile, isixwayiso singaboniswa ngezimpawu ezisobala noma umsindo nokukhanya. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni. Isibonelo, uma isivinini siphezulu kakhulu noma ibhande lesihlalo lingaboshiwe, kuzocushwa i-alamu (ngokukhanya nesikhumbuzi sezwi).
10. Isimiso sokunciphisa
Sebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ukunciphisa umonakalo odalwe amaphutha.
Izihlukanisi zekhadibhodi zishintshwa zibe ukupakishwa kwethreyi yamabhamuza, futhi amaphedi okuvikela engezwa phakathi kwezendlalelo ukuze kuvinjelwe upende ukuthi ungaqhuzuki.
Uma singakunaki ukuvimbela amaphutha kulayini wokukhiqiza we-workshop yokukhiqiza ye-CNC, kuzoholela emiphumeleni engenakuhlehliswa kanye nembi kakhulu:
Uma umshini we-CNC ungalinganiswanga kahle, ungase ukhiqize izingxenye ezingahlangabezani nobukhulu obucacisiwe, okuholela emikhiqizweni enesici engakwazi ukusetshenziswa noma ithengiswe.
Amaphutha ku-cnc inqubo yokukhiqizakungaholela ekumoshweni kwezinto kanye nesidingo sokuphinda kusetshenzwe kabusha, kukhuphule kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Uma iphutha elibucayi litholwa sekwephuzile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, lingabangela ukubambezeleka okukhulu njengoba izingxenye ezinephutha kudingeka zenziwe kabusha, kuphazamise lonke uhlelo lokukhiqiza.
Izingozi Zokuphepha:
Izingxenye ezingomshini ongafanele zingadala izingozi zokuphepha uma zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezibalulekile, njenge-aerospace noma izingxenye zezimoto, ezingase ziholele ezingozini noma ekuhlulekeni.
Ukulimala Kwezisetshenziswa:
Amaphutha ekuhlelweni noma ekusetheni angabangela ukungqubuzana phakathi kwethuluzi lomshini kanye nendawo yokusebenza, kulimaze impahla ebizayo ye-CNC futhi kuholele ekulungiseni okubizayo nesikhathi sokuphumula.
Ukulimala Kwesithunzi:
Ikhiqiza ngokuqhubekayo ikhwalithi ephansi noma enesiciizingxenye ze-cnckungalimaza isithunzi senkampani, okuholela ekulahlekelweni amakhasimende namathuba ebhizinisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-29-2024