Lapho ebuka ochwepheshe beklwebha ngesandla enkampanini eyenza amathuluzi omshini, umuntu angase abuze: “Ingabe le nqubo ingathuthukisa ngempela indawo ekhiqizwa imishini? Ingabe ikhono lomuntu lingaphezu kwelemishini?”
Uma kugxilwe kubuhle kuphela, impendulo ithi “cha.” I-scraping ayithuthukisi ukukhanga okubonakalayo, kodwa kunezizathu ezicindezelayo zokuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Isici esisodwa esiyinhloko isici somuntu: kuyilapho amathuluzi omshini eklanyelwe ukudala amanye amathuluzi, awakwazi ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo odlula ukunemba kowokuqala. Ukuze sizuze umshini onemba kakhulu kunowandulele, kufanele sisungule isisekelo esisha, esidinga ukungenelela komuntu—ikakhulukazi, ukukhuhla ngesandla.
Ukukhuhla akuyona inqubo engahleliwe noma engahlelekile; kunalokho, kuyindlela yokuphindaphinda okunembayo efanekisela isiqeshana somsebenzi sokuqala, esisebenza njengendiza eyinkomba evamile, ephinde yenziwe ngesandla.
Naphezu kwemvelo yakho enzima, ukukhuhla kuwumkhuba onekhono (okufana nefomu lobuciko). Ukuqeqesha i-master scraper kungaba inselele kunokuqeqesha umqophi wokhuni oyinhloko. Izinsiza ezixoxa ngalesi sihloko ziyashoda, ikakhulukazi mayelana nesizathu sokukhuhla, okungase kube nomthelela ekuboneni kwakho njengendlela yobuciko.
Uzoqala kuphi
Uma umkhiqizi ekhetha ukusebenzisa umshini wokugaya ukuze asuse izinto esikhundleni sokuklwebha, amalayili angumhlahlandlela wegrinder “eyinhloko” kufanele abonise ukunemba okukhulu kunalawo omshini wokugaya omusha.
Ngakho, yini esekela ukunemba komshini wokuqala?
Lokhu kunemba kungasukela emshinini othuthuke kakhulu, kuncike kwenye indlela ekwazi ukukhiqiza indawo eyisicaba ngempela, noma kuthathwe endaweni eyisicaba ekhona, eklanywe kahle.
Ukukhombisa inqubo yokwenziwa kwendawo, singabheka izindlela ezintathu zokudweba imibuthano (nakuba imibuthano iyimigqa yobuchwepheshe, isiza ukucacisa umqondo). Umdwebi onekhono angakha indilinga ephelele esebenzisa ikhampasi evamile. Ngokuphambene, uma elandelela imbobo eyindilinga esifanekisweni sepulasitiki ngepensela, uzophindaphinda konke ukungapheleli kwalowo mgodi. Uma ezama ukudweba indilinga ngokukhululekile, ukunemba okuwumphumela kuzonqunywa ileveli yekhono lakhe.
Ngokombono, indawo eyisicaba ngokuphelele ingafinyelelwa ngokushintshanisa izindawo ezintathu. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela amadwala amathathu, ngalinye linendawo eyisicaba. Ngokuhlikihla lezi zindawo ndawonye ngokulandelana okungahleliwe, uzozenza zibe sicaba ngokuqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa amatshe amabili kuphela kuzoholela ekuhlanganeni kwe-concave kanye ne-convex. Empeleni, i-lapping ihilela ukulandelana okuqondile kokumatanisa, okuvame ukuqashelwa uchwepheshe ukuze bakhe ijigi evamile efiselekayo, njenge-straight edge noma ipuleti eliyisicaba.
Phakathi nenqubo yokugeleza, uchwepheshe kuqala asebenzise unjiniyela wombala ku-jig evamile bese eslayida endaweni yokusebenzela ukuze abone izindawo ezidinga ukuklwelwa. Lesi senzo siyaphindwa, kancane kancane sisondeza ubuso bomsebenzi kuleyo yejigi evamile, ekugcineni kuzuzwe ukuphindaphinda okuphelele.
Ngaphambi kokukhuhla, ukulingwa kuvame ukugaywa kube izinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngaphezu kosayizi wokugcina, kufakwe ekwelashweni okushisa ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi esele, bese kubuyiswa ukuze kuqedwe ukugaywa. Nakuba i-scraping iyinqubo edla isikhathi futhi esebenza kanzima, ingasebenza njengenye indlela engabizi kakhulu ezindleleni ezidinga imishini yokunemba okuphezulu. Uma ukukhuhla kungasetshenziswa, ucezu lokusebenza kufanele luqedwe kusetshenziswa umshini onembe kakhulu futhi obizayo.
Ngokungeziwe ezindlekweni ezibalulekile zemishini ehlobene nokuqedwa kwesigaba sokugcina, esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe: isidingo sokubopha amandla adonsela phansi ngesikhathi somshini wezingxenye, ikakhulukazi ukulingwa okukhulu. Lapho kucutshungulwa ukubekezelela kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa, amandla okubamba angaholela ekuhlanekezeni ucezu lomsebenzi, okufaka engozini ukunemba kwalo lapho amandla esekhululiwe. Ukwengeza, ukushisa okukhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini kungafaka isandla nakakhulu kulokhu kuhlanekezela.
Yilapho ukuklwebha kunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile. Ngokungafani nokwenza imishini yendabuko, ukuklwebha akubandakanyi amandla okubamba, futhi ukushisa okukhiqizwa kuncane. Ama-workpiece amakhulu asekelwa ngamaphuzu amathathu, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlala ezinzile futhi engenakho ukuguquguquka ngenxa yesisindo sawo.
Uma ithrekhi yokukhuhla yethuluzi lomshini iguga, ingabuyiselwa ngokuklwejwa kabusha, inzuzo enkulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokulahla umshini noma ukuwubuyisela efekthri ukuze uhlakazwe futhi ucutshungulwe kabusha.
Ukuklwebha kabusha kungenziwa izisebenzi zokunakekela efekthri, kodwa kungenzeka futhi ukubandakanya ochwepheshe bendawo kulo msebenzi.
Ezimweni ezithile, kokubili i-manual kanye ne-electric scraping ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuzuzwe ukunemba kwejometri okufunayo. Isibonelo, uma isethi yethebula kanye namathrekhi esihlalo sehhashi eklebhuliwe futhi ahlangabezana nezicaciso ezidingekayo, kodwa ithebula litholwa lingaqondani kahle nephini lokuphotha, ukulungisa lokhu kungaboni ngaso linye kungase kusebenze kanzima. Ikhono elidingekayo lokususa inani elifanele lezinto endaweni efanele usebenzisa i-scraper kuphela-ngenkathi ugcina flatness futhi ubhekana nokungahambi kahle-likhulu.
Nakuba ukukhwabanisa akuhlosiwe njengendlela yokulungisa ukungahambi kahle okuphawulekayo, i-scraper enekhono ingakwazi ukufeza lolu hlobo lokulungiswa ngesikhathi esifushane ngokumangalisayo. Le ndlela idinga izinga eliphezulu lekhono kodwa ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu kunokulungisa izingxenye eziningi ukuze zibekezelelane noma zisebenzise imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuncishiswe ukungaqondi kahle.
Ukugcotshwa Okuthuthukisiwe
Isipiliyoni sikhombisile ukuthi ojantshi abaklwetshiwe bathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuthambisa, ngaleyo ndlela behlise ukungqubuzana, nakuba izizathu eziyisisekelo kusaxoxwa ngazo. Ithiyori evamile iphakamisa ukuthi amaphuzu aphansi aklwetshiwe—ikakhulukazi, imigodi edaliwe—asebenza njengamanzi okuthambisa, okuvumela uwoyela ukuthi unqwabelane emaphaketheni amancane amaningi akhiwe izindawo eziphakeme ezizungezile.
Omunye umbono ubeka ukuthi la maphakethe angajwayelekile asiza ukunakekelwa kwefilimu kawoyela engashintshi, okwenza izingxenye ezihambayo zishelele kahle, okuyinhloso eyinhloko yokuthambisa. Lesi simo senzeka ngenxa yokuthi izinto ezingahambi kahle zakha isikhala esanele sokuthi uwoyela ugcinwe. Ngokufanelekile, ukuthambisa kusebenza kahle kakhulu uma ifilimu kawoyela eqhubekayo ikhona phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezibushelelezi ngokuphelele; Nokho, lokhu kuphakamisa izinselele ekuvimbeleni uwoyela ukuthi ungaphumi noma kudinge ukugcwaliswa kabusha ngokushesha. Indawo kajantshi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iklwetshiwe noma cha, ngokuvamile ihlanganisa imisele kawoyela ukusiza ekusabalaliseni uwoyela.
Le ngxoxo iphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokubaluleka kwendawo yokuxhumana. Ngenkathi ukukhuhla kunciphisa indawo yokuxhumana, kukhuthaza ukusabalalisa okufanayo, okubalulekile ekugcobeni okusebenzayo. Uma izindawo zokukhwelana zishelela, kulapho ukusabalalisa okuthintwayo kuvumelana kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, isimiso esibalulekile kumakhenikha sithi “ukungqubuzana kuzimele endaweni,” okubonisa ukuthi amandla adingekayo ukuze kususwe ithebula ahlala engashintshile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo yokuxhumana ingamayintshi angu-10 noma angu-100 square. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukugqoka kuwukucatshangelwa okuhlukile; indawo yokuxhumana encane ngaphansi komthwalo ofanayo izobhekana nokuguga okusheshisiwe.
Ekugcineni, ukugxila kwethu kufanele kube ekuzuzeni ukugcotshwa okuphezulu kunokumane nje silungise indawo yokuxhumana. Uma ukuthambisa kulungile, indawo yethrekhi izobonisa ukuguga okuncane. Ngakho-ke, uma ithebula lihlangabezana nobunzima bokunyakaza ngenxa yokuguga, kungenzeka lihlobene nezinkinga zokugcoba esikhundleni sendawo yokuxhumana ngokwayo.
Ukukhuhla kwenziwa kanjani
Ngaphambi kokukhomba amaphuzu aphezulu adinga ukuklwejwa, qala ngokufaka umbala ku-jig evamile, njengepuleti eliyisicaba noma igeji yegeji eqondile edizayinelwe ukuklwebha amathrekhi e-V. Okulandelayo, hlikihla ijigi elijwayelekile elivalwe ngombala endaweni yethrekhi ezokwalwa; lokhu kuzodlulisela umbala ezindaweni eziphezulu zethrekhi. Kamuva, sebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile lokuklwebha ukuze ususe amaphuzu aphezulu anombala. Le nqubo kufanele iphindwe kuze kube yilapho indawo yethrekhi ibonisa ukudluliswa kombala okufanayo nokungaguquguquki.
I-scraper enekhono kufanele ibe nekhono kumasu ahlukahlukene. Lapha, ngizoveza izindlela ezimbili ezibalulekile.
Okokuqala, ngaphambi kwenqubo yokufaka umbala, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise ifayela elibuthuntu ukuze ulihlikihle ngobumneneImikhiqizo ye-CNCphezulu, ukususa ngempumelelo noma yimaphi ama-burrs.
Okwesibili, lapho uhlanza indawo engaphezulu, sebenzisa ibhulashi noma isandla sakho kune-rag. Ukwesula ngendwangu kungashiya imicu emihle engase idale izimpawu ezidukisayo phakathi nokufakwa kombala kwamaphuzu aphezulu okulandelayo.
I-scraper izohlola umsebenzi wabo ngokuqhathanisa i-jig ejwayelekile nendawo yethrekhi. Indima yomhloli iwukwazisa nje umenzi ukuthi ayeke nini ukusebenza, okuvumela ohlikihlayo ukuthi agxile kuphela enqubweni yokuklwebha futhi athwale umthwalo wemfanelo wekhwalithi yokuphuma kwawo.
Ngokomlando, sigcine izindinganiso ezithile eziphathelene nenani lamaphoyinti aphezulu ngeyintshi yesikwele ngayinye kanye nephesenti lengqikithi yendawo okuxhunyanwa nayo. Kodwa-ke, sithole cishe kungenakwenzeka ukulinganisa ngokunembile indawo yokuxhumana, ngakho-ke manje isishiywe ku-scraper ukucacisa inombolo efanelekile yamaphoyinti iyintshi yesikwele. Ngokuvamile, umgomo uwukufinyelela izinga lamaphuzu angama-20 kuye kwangama-30 iyintshi yesikwele ngayinye.
Ezinkambisweni zesimanje zokukhuhla, eminye imisebenzi yokulinganisa isebenzisa ama-scrapers kagesi, okuthi, ngenkathi kusewuhlobo lokukhuhla ngesandla, angadambisa okunye ukukhandleka komzimba futhi enze inqubo ingakhathali. Noma kunjalo, impendulo ethintekayo yokukhuhla ngesandla ihlala ingenakushintshwa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokuhlanganisa ebucayi.
Amaphethini wokukhuhla
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamaphethini atholakalayo. Ezinye ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa amaphethini e-arc, amaphethini ayisikwele, amaphethini amagagasi, namaphethini amise okwefeni. Ngokuphawulekayo, amaphethini ayinhloko e-arc yimiklamo yenyanga nokugwinya.
1. Amaphethini amise okwe-arc nezindlela zokukhuhla
Qala ngokusebenzisa uhlangothi lwesobunxele lwe-scraper blade ukuze uklebhule, bese uqhubeka nokuklwebha ukusuka kwesokunxele uye kwesokudla (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso A ngezansi). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, jika isihlakala kwesokunxele ukuze uvumele i-blade ukuthi isuke kwesokunxele iye kwesokudla (njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso B ngezansi), kube lula ukushintshwa okushelelayo ekunyakazeni kokuklwebha.
Ubude obuqondile bomaki wommese ngamunye ngokuvamile kufanele bube ngu-10mm. Yonke le nqubo yokukhuhla yenzeka ngokushesha, ivumela ukudalwa kwamaphethini ahlukahlukene amise okwe-arc. Ukwengeza, ungakwazi ukuklwebha kusuka kwesokudla kuye kwesokunxele ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi ngesandla kwesokunxele bese usonta isihlakala sokudla ukuze ujike inkemba ukusuka kwesokudla kuye kwesokunxele, uqinisekise uguquko olungenazihibe esenzweni sokuklwebha.
Indlela eyisisekelo yokukhuhla iphethini ye-arc
Amathiphu Okukhuhla Amaphethini e-Arc
Uma ukhuhla amaphethini e-arc, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwezimo namasu okukhuhla kungathinta kakhulu ukuma, usayizi, kanye ne-engeli yamaphethini aphumela. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezicatshangelwayo:
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Khetha i-Right Scraper: Ububanzi, ukujiya, i-blade arc radius, kanye ne-engeli ye-wedge yekhanda le-scraper konke kuthonya umumo wephethini ye-arc. Ukukhetha i-scraper efanele kubalulekile.
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Lawula Ukunyakaza Kwesihlakala: Ukuqonda i-amplitude yokusonteka isihlakala kanye nobude be-scraping stroke kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela oyifunayo.
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Sebenzisa i-Blade Elasticity: Ngokuvamile, i-amplitude enkudlwana ekuhambeni kwezihlakala kuhlanganiswe ne-stroke yokukhuhla emfushane kuzokhiqiza ama-engeli amancane kanye nomumo kumaphethini we-arc aklwetshiwe, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso C ngenhla.
Iphethini yeNyanga kanye ne-Scraping Technique
Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokuklwebha, sebenzisa ipensela ukumaka izikwele ngesikhala esithile endaweni yokusebenza. Lapho uklwebha, sebenzisa i-arc blade eyindilinga, ubeke umugqa omaphakathi weblade nge-engeli engu-45° emgqeni ophakathi nendawo ophakathi nendawo yokusebenza. Khwebula kusukela ngaphambili ukuya ngemuva kwendawo yokusebenza ukuze uzuze iphethini yenyanga oyifunayo.
(2) Iphethini yokugwinya nendlela yokuklwebha Iphethini yokugwinya ikhonjiswe emfanekisweni ongezansi. Ngaphambi kokukhuhla, sebenzisa ipensela ukudweba izikwele ngesikhala esithile ebusweni bomsebenzi. Lapho uklwebha, sebenzisa i-arc blade eyindilinga, enomugqa omaphakathi wendiza yeblade kanye nomugqa ophakathi nendawo wobude bomsebenzi we-workpiece nge-engeli engu-45°, bese uklwebha kusukela ngaphambili kuya ngemuva kwendawo yokusebenza. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhuhla zikhonjiswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Okokuqala, khumula iphethini ye-arc ngommese wokuqala, bese uklebhula iphethini yesibili ye-arc kancane ngaphansi kwephethini yokuqala ye-arc, ukuze iphethini efana nenkonjane isulwe, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso b ngenhla.
2. Iphethini yesikwele nendlela yokukhuhla
Iphethini yesikwele ikhonjisiwe emfanekisweni ongezansi. Ngaphambi kokuklwebha, sebenzisa ipensela ukumaka izikwele ngesikhala esithile endaweni yokusebenza. Lapho uklwebha, beka umugqa omaphakathi weblade nge-engeli engu-45° ukuya kulayini ophakathi nendawo womsebenzi womsebenzi, bese uklwebha kusukela ngaphambili ukuya ngemuva.
Isu lokukrwela eliyisisekelo libandakanya ukusebenzisa isikrufu esiwumngcingo esinomphetho oqondile noma unqenqema lwe-arc oluyiradiyasi enkulu ukuze kukhulwe ukusunduza kwebanga elifushane. Ngemva kokuqeda isikwele sokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi ugcina ibanga eliyisikwele—empeleni ushiya igridi—ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuklwebha isikwele sesibili.
3. Iphethini yegagasi nendlela yokukhuhla
Iphethini yegagasi ikhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso A ngezansi. Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokukhuhla, sebenzisa ipensela ukumaka izikwele ngesikhala esithile endaweni yokusebenza. Lapho uklwebha, qinisekisa ukuthi umugqa omaphakathi wensingo uhambisana nomugqa ophakathi nendawo we-longitudinalizingxenye zomshini, bese ukhuhla kusuka ngemuva kuya phambili.
Indlela eyisisekelo yokukhuhla ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa i-notched scraper. Khetha indawo efanelekile yokulahla i-blade, ngokuvamile empambanweni yezikwele ezimakiwe. Ngemuva kokuthi i-blade iwa, hambisa diagonally kwesokunxele. Uma usufinyelele ubude obunqunyiwe (imvamisa ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo), hambisa ngokudayelayo uye kwesokudla bese uklwebha uye endaweni ethile ngaphambi kokuphakamisa i-blade, njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso B ngezansi.
4. Iphethini emise okwefeni kanye nendlela yokukhuhla
Iphethini emise okwefeni ikhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso A ngezansi. Ngaphambi kokuklwebha, sebenzisa ipensela ukumaka izikwele nemigqa ene-engeli enezikhala ezithile endaweni yokusebenza. Ukuze udale iphethini emise okwefeni, sebenzisa i-hook-head scraper (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso B ngezansi). Umkhawulo ongakwesokudla we-blade kufanele ulolwe, kanti umkhawulo wesobunxele kufanele ube buthuntu kancane, uqiniseke ukuthi umkhawulo we-blade uhlala uqondile. Indlela eyisisekelo yokukhuhla iboniswa esithombeni esingezansi.
Khetha indawo efanelekile yeblade, ngokuvamile ezimpambanweni zemigqa ephawuliwe. Bamba i-scraper ngesandla sakho sobunxele cishe u-50mm ukusuka ekugcineni kwe-blade, usebenzisa ukucindezela kancane okuya phansi kwesokunxele. Ngesandla sakho sokudla, zungezisa inkeba ngokwewashi ekugcineni kwesokunxele njengephoyinti le-pivot. Ama-engeli ajwayelekile wokuzungezisa angu-90° no-135°. Iphethini efanele emise okwefeni ikhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso C ngenhla.
Ukusebenzisa amandla okungafanele kungase kubangele ukuklwebha iziphetho zombili ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuholela ephethinini evezwe kuMfanekiso D ngenhla. Amaphethini adalwe ngale ndlela azoba angashoni kakhulu, okuholela ekwakhiweni okungalungile.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-16-2024