Kungani insimbi engagqwali nayo igqwala? Ekugcineni yaqonda!

Kungani insimbi engagqwali nayo igqwala?

Lapho kuvela amabala okugqwala ansundu (amabala) ebusweni bamapayipi ensimbi, abantu bayamangala: “Insimbi engagqwali ayigqwali, futhi uma igqwala, ayiyona insimbi engagqwali, futhi kungase kube nenkinga ngensimbi.” Eqinisweni, lokhu kuwumbono oyiphutha ohlangothini olulodwa mayelana nokuntula ukuqonda kwensimbi engagqwali. Insimbi engagqwali nayo izogqwala ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Insimbi engagqwali inamandla okumelana ne-oxidation yasemkhathini—okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi inamandla okugqwala emithonjeni yezindaba equkethe ama-asidi, ama-alkali, nosawoti—okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bekhono layo lokulwa nokugqwala buyahlukahluka ngokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ensimbi yayo ngokwayo, isimo sokuhlanganisana, izimo zokusetshenziswa kanye nohlobo lwemithombo yezemvelo. Isibonelo, ipayipi lensimbi elingu-304 linekhono elihle kakhulu lokulwa nokugqwala endaweni eyomile nehlanzekile, kodwa uma liyiswa endaweni egudle ulwandle, lizogqwala maduzane enkungu yolwandle equkethe usawoti omningi; kanye nepayipi lensimbi elingu-316 likhombisa okuhle.

Ngakho-ke, akulona noma yiluphi uhlobo lwensimbi engagqwali olungamelana nokugqwala nokugqwala kunoma iyiphi indawo.ingxenye ye-aluminium

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokulimala kwefilimu engaphezulu, evame kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke yilezi ezilandelayo:
Insimbi engagqwali incike efilimini encane kakhulu, eqinile, enhle futhi ezinzile ye-chromium-rich oxide (ifilimu evikelayo) eyakhiwe endaweni yayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena okuqhubekayo kanye ne-oxidation yama-athomu omoya-mpilo ukuze ithole amandla okumelana nokugqwala. Uma ifilimu isilimele ngokuqhubekayo ngesizathu esithile, ama-athomu omoya-mpilo emoyeni noma uketshezi luzoqhubeka nokungena noma ama-athomu ensimbi ensimbi azoqhubeka nokuhlukana, enze i-iron oxide exekethile, futhi ingaphezulu lensimbi liyogqwala ngokuqhubekayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomonakalo kule filimu engaphezulu, ezivame kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke yilezi ezilandelayo:
1. Ebusweni bensimbi engagqwali, kukhona amadiphozithi othuli noma izinhlayiya zensimbi ezihlukahlukene eziqukethe ezinye izakhi zensimbi. Emoyeni oswakeme, amanzi ajiyile phakathi kwamadiphozithi nensimbi engagqwali axhuma kokubili kubhethri elincane, elicupha ukusabela kwe-electrochemical. , ifilimu yokuzivikela yonakalisiwe, ebizwa ngokuthi i-electrochemical corrosion.ingxenye yokunyathela
2. Amajusi emvelo (njengemifino, isobho lenoodle, isikhwehlela, njll.) anamathela ebusweni bensimbi engagqwali. Lapho kukhona amanzi nomoya-mpilo, ama-asidi e-organic akhiwa, futhi ama-asidi e-organic azogqwala indawo yensimbi isikhathi eside.
3. Ingaphezulu lensimbi engagqwali linamathela ezintweni eziqukethe ama-asidi, ama-alkali nosawoti (njengamanzi ane-alkali namanzi omcako aphuma ezindongeni zokuhlobisa), okubangela ukugqwala kwendawo.
4. Emoyeni ongcolile (njengomkhathi oqukethe inani elikhulu le-sulfide, i-carbon oxide, i-nitrogen oxide), lapho uhlangana namanzi ajiyile, uzokwakha i-sulfuric acid, i-nitric acid, ne-acetic acid amaphuzu, okubangela ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali.
Ukuqinisekisa indawo yensimbi ekhanyayo unomphela ngaphandle kokugqwala, sincoma:
Izimo ezingenhla zingabangela ukulimala kwefilimu evikelayo endaweni yensimbi engagqwali futhi kubangele ukugqwala. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi indawo yensimbi ikhanya unomphela futhi ayigqwalile, sincoma:
1. Ingaphezulu lensimbi engagqwali yokuhlobisa kufanele ihlanzwe futhi ikhuhlwe njalo ukuze kukhishwe okunamathiselwe futhi kuqedwe izici zangaphandle ezibangela ukuguqulwa.
2. 316 insimbi engagqwali kufanele isetshenziswe ezindaweni ezisogwini lolwandle, ezingamelana nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle.
3. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwamanye amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali emakethe akukwazi ukuhlangabezana namazinga ahambisanayo kazwelonke futhi akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinto ezingu-304. Ngakho-ke, kuzophinde kubangele ukugqwala, okudinga ukuthi abasebenzisi bakhethe ngokucophelela imikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abahloniphekile.

Ingabe insimbi engagqwali nayo iyizibuthe?

Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi omazibuthe baheha insimbi engagqwali ukuze baqinisekise ubuhle nobubi bayo kanye nobuqiniso bayo. Uma ingadonseli i-non-magnetism, ibhekwa njengento enhle, futhi iyiqiniso; uma ikazibuthe, ithathwa njengengumgunyathi. Eqinisweni, lena indlela yokuhlonza enohlangothi olulodwa ngokwedlulele, engelona iqiniso futhi engalungile.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zensimbi engagqwali, ezingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana ngokuya ngesakhiwo ekamelweni lokushisa:
1. Uhlobo lwe-Austenitic: njenge-201, 202, 301, 304, 316, njll.;
2. I-Martensite noma uhlobo lwe-ferrite: njenge-430, 420, 410, njll.;

Uhlobo lwe-austenitic alunazibuthe noma lukazibuthe olubuthakathaka, futhi i-martensite noma i-ferrite iyizibuthe.ukuphenduka ingxenye
Iningi lensimbi engagqwali evamise ukusetshenziselwa amashidi amashubhu okuhlobisa i-austenitic 304 impahla, ngokuvamile engeyona i-magnetic noma kazibuthe ebuthakathaka, kodwa ingase futhi ibonakale ikazibuthe ngenxa yokuguquguquka kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali noma izimo ezihlukene zokucubungula okubangelwa ukuncibilika, kodwa lokhu akunakucatshangwa. njengoba a

Umgunyathi noma usezingeni eliphansi, siyini isizathu salokhu?

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-austenite ayiyona i-magnetic noma inozibuthe ebuthakathaka, kuyilapho i-martensite noma i-ferrite inguzibuthe. Ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye noma ukwelashwa okungalungile kokushisa ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, inani elincane le-martensite noma i-ferrite ku-austenitic 304 insimbi engagqwali izobangelwa. izicubu zomzimba. Ngale ndlela, insimbi engagqwali engu-304 izoba ne-magnetism ebuthakathaka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokusebenza okubandayo kwensimbi engagqwali engu-304, isakhiwo sizobuye siguqulwe sibe yi-martensite. Lapho kubanda kakhulu ukuwohloka kokusebenza okubandayo, ukuguqulwa kwe-martensite kuyanda, kanye namandla kazibuthe ensimbi. Njengeqoqo lemicu yensimbi, amashubhu angu-Φ76 akhiqizwa ngaphandle kokungeniswa kwamagnetic okusobala, futhi amashubhu angu-Φ9.5 akhiqizwa. I-induction kazibuthe ibonakala kakhulu ngenxa yokuguqulwa okukhulu kokugoba nokugoba. I-deformation ye-square rectangular tube inkulu kunaleyo ye-tube eyindilinga, ikakhulukazi ingxenye yekhoneni, ukuguqulwa kunamandla kakhulu futhi amandla kazibuthe abonakala ngokucacile.

Ukuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele izakhiwo zamagnetic zensimbi engu-304 ezibangelwa izizathu ezingenhla, isakhiwo se-austenite esizinzile singabuyiselwa ngokwelashwa kwesisombululo esiphezulu sokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe izakhiwo zamagnetic.

Ikakhulukazi, i-magnetism ye-304 insimbi engagqwali ebangelwa izizathu ezingenhla ihluke ngokuphelele kumagnetism wezinye izinto ezifana ne-430 ne-carbon steel, okusho ukuthi i-magnetism ye-304 yensimbi ihlale ibonisa i-magnetism ebuthakathaka.

Lokhu kusitshela ukuthi uma umucu wensimbi engagqwali unozibuthe obuthakathaka noma ungenawo uzibuthe ngokuphelele, kufanele wahlulelwe njengokubalulekile okungu-304 noma okungu-316; uma ifana ne-carbon steel, ikhombisa i-magnetism eqinile, ngoba yahlulelwa njengokungeyona into engu-304.