Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kuhilela ukusebenzisa izindlela zemishini nezekhemikhali ukuze kwakhiwe ungqimba oluvikelayo endaweni yomkhiqizo, okusebenza ukuvikela umzimba. Le nqubo ivumela umkhiqizo ukuthi ufinyelele esimweni esizinzile ngokwemvelo, ithuthukise ukumelana kwawo nokugqwala, futhi ithuthukise ukukhanga kwawo kobuhle, ekugcineni ikhulise inani lawo. Lapho ukhetha izindlela zokwelapha ezingaphezulu, kubalulekile ukucabangela indawo yokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, ubude besikhathi okulindelekile, ukukhanga kobuhle, kanye nenani lezomnotho.
Inqubo yokwelapha engaphezulu ihlanganisa ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukwelashwa kwangemuva kwefilimu, ukupakisha, ukugcinwa kwempahla, nokuthunyelwa. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kuhlanganisa ukwelapha ngemishini namakhemikhali.
Ukwelashwa ngomshini kuhilela izinqubo ezifana nokuqhumisa, ukuqhunyiswa kwesibhamu, ukugaya, ukupholisha, nokuwax. Inhloso yawo ukuqeda ukungalingani okungaphezulu kanye nokubhekana nokunye ukungapheleli okungafuneki kwendawo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kususa amafutha nokugqwala ebusweni bomkhiqizo futhi kwakha ungqimba oluvumela izinto ezakha ifilimu ukuthi zihlangane ngokuphumelelayo. Le nqubo iphinde iqinisekise ukuthi i-coating ifinyelela isimo esizinzile, ithuthukisa ukunamathela kwesendlalelo sokuzivikela, futhi inikeza izinzuzo zokuzivikela kumkhiqizo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-aluminium ebusweni
Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali okujwayelekile kwe-aluminium kufaka phakathi izinqubo ezifana ne-chromization, ukudweba, i-electroplating, i-anodizing, i-electrophoresis, nokuningi. Ukwelapha ngomshini kuhlanganisa ukudweba ngocingo, ukupholisha, ukufutha, ukugaya, nokunye.
1. I-Chromization
I-Chromization idala ifilimu yokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali endaweni yomkhiqizo, enogqinsi olusuka kuma-micrometer angu-0.5 kuya kwangu-4. Le filimu inezinto ezinhle zokukhangisa futhi isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengesendlalelo sokumboza. Ingaba nokusagolide okuphuzi, i-aluminium yemvelo, noma ukubukeka okuluhlaza.
Ifilimu ewumphumela ine-conductivity enhle, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi njengama-strip conductive kumabhethri omakhalekhukhwini kanye namadivayisi we-magnetoelectric. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa kuyo yonke imikhiqizo ye-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy. Kodwa-ke, ifilimu ithambile futhi ayimelani nokugqoka, ngakho-ke ayilungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandleukunemba izingxenyeyomkhiqizo.
Inqubo yokwenza ngokwezifiso:
Ukwehlisa amafutha—> ukuphelelwa amanzi kwe-aluminikhi—> ukwenza ngokwezifiso—> ukupakisha—> indawo yokugcina impahla
I-Chromization ilungele i-aluminium ne-aluminium alloys, i-magnesium, nemikhiqizo ye-magnesium alloy.
Izimfuneko Zekhwalithi:
I-1) Umbala ufana, ungqimba lwefilimu lulungile, angeke kube khona imihuzuko, imihuzuko, ukuthinta ngesandla, akukho roughness, umlotha nezinye izenzakalo.
2) Ubukhulu bengqimba yefilimu yi-0.3-4um.
2. I-Anodizing
I-Anodizing: Ingenza ungqimba olufana nolwe-oxide oluminyene ebusweni bomkhiqizo (Al2O3). I-6H2O, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-steel jade, le filimu ingenza ubulukhuni bomkhiqizo bufinyelele ku-200-300 HV. Uma umkhiqizo okhethekile ungabhekana ne-anodizing eqinile, ubulukhuni bobuso bungafinyelela ku-400-1200 HV. Ngakho-ke, i-anodizing eqinile iyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa kwamasilinda nama-transmissions.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mkhiqizo unokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqoka futhi ungasetshenziswa njengenqubo edingekayo yezindiza kanye nemikhiqizo ehlobene ne-aerospace. Umehluko phakathi kwe-anodizing kanye ne-anodizing eqinile ukuthi i-anodizing ingaba nombala, futhi umhlobiso ungcono kakhulu kune-oxidation eqinile.
Amaphuzu okwakha okufanele acatshangelwe: i-anodizing inezidingo eziqinile zezinto zokwakha. Izinto ezihlukene zinemiphumela ehlukene yokuhlobisa ebusweni. Izinto ezisetshenziswa ngokuvamile ziyi-6061, 6063, 7075, 2024, njll. Phakathi kwazo, i-2024 inomphumela omubi kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-CU kundaba. I-7075 oxidation eqinile iphuzi, i-6061 kanye ne-6063 insundu. Kodwa-ke, i-anodizing evamile ye-6061, 6063, ne-7075 ayihlukile kakhulu. U-2024 uthambekele ekubeni namabala amaningi egolide.
1. Inqubo evamile
Izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokudaya zihlanganisa umbala wemvelo oxutshwe we-matte, umbala wemvelo obhulashiwe ogqamile, ukudaya okugqamile okugqamile, kanye nokudaywa kwe-matte brushed (okungadaywa kunoma yimuphi umbala). Okunye okukhethwa kukho kufaka umbala wemvelo ocwebezelayo opholishiwe, umbala wemvelo opholishiwe we-matte, ukudaya okucwebezelayo okupholishiwe, kanye nokudaya okupholishiwe kwe-matte. Ukwengeza, kunezindawo ezinomsindo nezikhanyayo ezifuthayo, izindawo ezinenkungu ezinomsindo, kanye nokudaya kwe-sandblasting. Lezi zinketho zokucwenga zingasetshenziswa emishini yokukhanyisa.
2. Inqubo ye-anodizing
Ukwehlisa amafutha—> ukuguguleka kwe-alkali—> ukupholisha—> ukunethezeka—> lidi—> ukunethezeka
I-anodizing—> dyeing—> sealing—> ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo—> ukomisa
3. Ukwahlulela kokungajwayelekile kwekhwalithi evamile
A. Amachashaza angase avele phezulu ngenxa yokungacimi ngokwanele kanye nokushisisa kwensimbi noma ikhwalithi yempahla ephansi, futhi ikhambi eliphakanyisiwe ukwenza ukwelashwa kokushisisa kabusha noma ukushintsha okokusebenza.
B. Imibala yothingo ivela phezulu, ngokuvamile okubangelwa iphutha ekusebenzeni kwe-anode. Umkhiqizo ungase ulenga ngokukhululekile, okuholela ekuziphatheni okubi. Idinga indlela ethile yokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa kabusha kwe-anodic ngemva kokubuyiselwa kwamandla.
C. Ingaphezulu lidabukile futhi liklwejwa kanzima, ngokuvamile okubangelwa ukungaphathwa kahle ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ukucubungula, ukwelashwa, ukuhoxiswa kwamandla, ukugaya, noma ukufakwa kabusha kukagesi.
D. Amachashazi amhlophe angase avele ngaphezulu ngesikhathi sokungcoliswa, ngokuvamile okubangelwa uwoyela noma okunye ukungcola emanzini ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-anode.
4. Izindinganiso zekhwalithi
1) Ubukhulu befilimu kufanele bube phakathi kwama-micrometer angu-5-25, nobulukhuni obungaphezu kuka-200HV, futhi izinga lokushintsha umbala wokuhlolwa kokuvala kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-5%.
2) Ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti kufanele kuhlale amahora angaphezu kwama-36 futhi kufanele kuhlangabezane nezinga le-CNS leleveli 9 noma ngaphezulu.
3) Ukubonakala kufanele kungabi nemihuzuko, imihuzuko, amafu anemibala, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinto ezingathandeki. Akufanele kube khona amaphuzu alengayo noma okuphuzi ebusweni.
4) I-aluminium ye-Die-cast, efana ne-A380, A365, A382, njll., ayikwazi ukwenziwa i-anodized.
3. Inqubo ye-Aluminium electroplating
1. Izinzuzo ze-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy materials:
I-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloy materials inezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene, njengokuhamba kahle kukagesi, ukudlulisa ukushisa okusheshayo, amandla adonsela phansi aqondene nokukhanya, kanye nokwakheka kalula. Kodwa-ke, nazo zinezimo ezimbi, kufaka phakathi ubulukhuni obuphansi, ukuntuleka kokumelana nokugqoka, ukutholakala kwe-intergranular corrosion, nobunzima bokushisela, okunganciphisa izicelo zabo. Ukwandisa amandla abo nokunciphisa ubuthakathaka babo, imboni yesimanje ivame ukusebenzisa i-electroplating ukubhekana nalezi zinselele.
2. Izinzuzo ze-aluminium electroplating
- thuthukisa ukuhlobisa,
- Ithuthukisa ukuqina kwendawo kanye nokumelana nokugqoka
- Ukunciphisa i-coefficient of friction kanye nokuthambisa okuthuthukisiwe.
- Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwendawo.
- Ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe (kufaka phakathi ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinsimbi)
- Kulula ukushisela
- Ithuthukisa ukunamathela kwirabha lapho kushisa.
- Ukwandisa reflectivity
- Lungisa ukubekezelelana kwe-dimensional
I-Aluminium iyasebenza impela, ngakho-ke izinto ezisetshenziselwa i-electroplating zidinga ukusebenza kakhulu kune-aluminium. Lokhu kudinga ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali ngaphambi kwe-electroplating, njengokucwiliswa kwe-zinc, i-zinc-iron alloy, ne-zinc-nickel alloy. Ungqimba olumaphakathi lwe-zinc ne-zinc alloy lunamathela kahle kungqimba oluphakathi lwe-cyanide yethusi. Ngenxa yokwakheka okuxekethile kwe-aluminium ye-die-cast, indawo engaphezulu ayikwazi ukupholishwa ngesikhathi sokugaya. Uma lokhu kwenziwa, kungase kuholele emigodini, ukuphalaza i-asidi, ukuxebuka, nezinye izinkinga.
3. Ukugeleza kwenqubo ye-aluminium electroplating imi kanje:
Ukwehlisa amafutha - > ukushumeka kwe-alkali - > ukwenza kusebenze - > ukushintshwa kwezinc - > ukwenza kusebenze - > ukucwenga (njenge nickel, zinc, copper, njll.) - > chrome plating noma passivation - > ukomiswa.
-1- Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-aluminium electroplating yilezi:
I-nickel plating (i-pearl nickel, i-sand nickel, i-nickel emnyama), i-silver plating (isiliva elikhanyayo, isiliva eliwugqinsi), i-golden plating, i-zinc plating (i-zinc enemibala, i-zinc emnyama, i-zinc eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), i-copper plating (ithusi eliluhlaza, ithusi elimhlophe, i-alkaline ithusi, ithusi le-electrolytic, ithusi le-asidi), i-chrome plating (i-chrome yokuhlobisa, i-chrome eqinile, i-chrome emnyama), njll.
-2- Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu ezijwayelekile zokucwenga
- I-black plating, njenge-zinc emnyama ne-nickel emnyama, isetshenziswa ku-optical electronics namadivayisi wezokwelapha.
- Igolide plating nesiliva kukhona conductors best for imikhiqizo electronic. Ukufakwa kwegolide nakho kuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokuhlobisa zemikhiqizo, kodwa kubiza kakhulu. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ekuphatheni imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, njengokufakwa kwe-electroplating kwamatheminali ezintambo ezinemba kakhulu.
- I-Copper, i-nickel, ne-chromium yizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuhlanganisa ezihlanganisiwe kwisayensi yesimanje futhi zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlobisa nokumelana nokugqwala. Ayabiza kakhulu futhi angasetshenziswa emishinini yezemidlalo, ukukhanyisa, nasezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ze-elekthronikhi.
- Ithusi elimhlophe eliwuthayela, elathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yama-70 namashumi ayisishiyagalombili, liyimpahla yokucwenga evumelana nemvelo enombala omhlophe ogqamile. Kuyinto ethandwa kakhulu embonini yobucwebe. I-bronze (eyenziwe ngomthofu, ithini, nethusi) ingalingisa igolide, iyenze ibe inketho yokuhlobisa ekhangayo. Kodwa-ke, ithusi alikwazi ukumelana nokushintsha umbala, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa kwayo bekuhamba kancane.
- I-electroplating esekelwe ku-Zinc: Ungqimba oluwuthayela luluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mhlophe futhi luncibilika kuma-asidi nama-alkali. Njengoba amandla ajwayelekile e-zinc mabi kakhulu kunensimbi, inikeza ukuvikelwa okuthembekile kwe-electrochemical yensimbi. I-Zinc ingasetshenziswa njengongqimba oluvikelayo lwemikhiqizo yensimbi esetshenziswa ezimbonini nasemoyeni wasolwandle.
- I-chrome eqinile, efakwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, inobunzima obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka. Ukuqina kwayo kufinyelela ku-HV900-1200kg/mm, okwenza kube ukunamathela okunzima kakhulu phakathi kwezingubo ezivame ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu plating kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqokwa kweizingxenye zemishinifuthi andise impilo yabo yesevisi, okwenza kube okubalulekile kumasilinda, amasistimu okucindezela kwamanzi, kanye nezinhlelo zokudlulisela.
-3- Ukungajwayelekile okujwayelekile kanye nezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa
- Ukucwecwa: Ukushintshwa kwe-zinc akulungile; isikhathi singaba side kakhulu noma sifushane kakhulu. Kudingeka sibuyekeze izinyathelo futhi sinqume kabusha isikhathi sokushintsha, izinga lokushisa lokugeza, ukugxiliswa kokugeza, neminye imingcele yokusebenza. Ukwengeza, inqubo yokwenza kusebenze idinga ukuthuthukiswa. Kudingeka sithuthukise izilinganiso futhi siguqule imodi yokuqalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelapha akwanele, okuholela ensaleni kawoyela endaweni yokusebenza. Kufanele sithuthukise izinyathelo futhi siqinise inqubo yokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Ubulukhuni bobuso: Isixazululo se-electroplating sidinga ukulungiswa ngenxa yokungakhululeki okubangelwa i-ejenti yokukhanya, okokuthambisa, kanye nethamo lephinikhodi. Ubuso bomzimba bunzima futhi budinga ukupholishwa kabusha ngaphambi kwe-electroplating.
- Indawo isiqala ukuphuzi, okubonisa inkinga engase ibe khona, futhi nendlela yokukhweza isishintshiwe. Engeza inani elifanele le-ejenti yokususa.
- Amazinyo acwebezelayo ebusweni: Isixazululo se-electroplating singcole kakhulu, ngakho-ke qinisa ukucwenga futhi wenze ukwelashwa okufanele kokugeza.
-4- Izidingo zekhwalithi
- Umkhiqizo akufanele ube nanoma yikuphi ukuphuzi, amaphinifa, ama-burrs, amabhamuza, imihuzuko, imihuzuko, nanoma yikuphi okunye ukukhubazeka okungafuneki ekubukekeni kwawo.
- Ugqinsi lwefilimu kufanele okungenani lube ama-micrometer angu-15, futhi kufanele luphumelele ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti samahora angu-48, luhlangabezane noma lweqe izinga lezempi lase-US elingu-9. Ukwengeza, umehluko ongaba khona kufanele wehlele phakathi kwebanga lika-130-150mV.
- Amandla okubopha kufanele amelane nokuhlolwa kokugoba okungama-degree angama-60.
- Imikhiqizo ehloselwe izindawo ezikhethekile kufanele yenziwe ngendlela efanele.
-5- Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenzisa i-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy plating
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa ingxubevange ye-aluminium njengesiphanyeko sokufakela izingxenye ze-aluminium ngogesi.
- Gubha i-aluminiyamu nengxubevange ye-aluminium ngokushesha nangezikhathi ezimbalwa ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ugweme ukuphinda kufakwe i-oxidation.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi isikhathi sokucwiliswa kwesibili asiside kakhulu ukuvimbela ukugqwala okukhulu.
- Hlanza kahle ngamanzi ngesikhathi sokugeza.
- Kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwamandla ngesikhathi senqubo yokucwenga.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-11-2024