Siyaqonda ukuthi uketshezi lokusika lunezinto ezibalulekile njengokupholisa, ukuthambisa, ukuvimbela ukugqwala, ukuhlanza, njll. Lezi zici zifezwa ngezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene ezinemisebenzi ehlukene. Ezinye izithasiselo zinikeza ukugcoba, ezinye zivimbela ukugqwala, kanti ezinye zinemiphumela ye-bactericidal kanye ne-inhibitory. Izithasiselo ezithile ziwusizo ekukhipheni igwebu, okudingekayo ukuze uvimbele ithuluzi lakho lomshini ekugezeni amabhamuza nsuku zonke. Kukhona nezinye izithasiselo, kodwa ngeke ngizethule lapha ngazodwana.
Ngeshwa, nakuba izithasiselo ezingenhla zibaluleke kakhulu, eziningi zazo zisesigabeni sikawoyela futhi zidinga ulaka olungcono. Ezinye azihambisani nezinye, kanti ezinye azincibiliki emanzini. Uketshezi lokusika olusanda kuthengwa luwuketshezi olugxilile futhi kufanele luhlanganiswe namanzi ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Sifuna ukwethula ezinye izithasiselo ezibalulekile ukuze kugxilwe kohlobo lwe-emulsion ukuze kuhlanganiswe amanzi kuketshezi oluzinzile lokusika. Ngaphandle kwalezi zithako, izakhiwo zoketshezi olusikayo zizoncishiswa zibe amafu. Lezi zithako zibizwa ngokuthi “ama-emulsifiers”. Umsebenzi wabo ukwenza izithako ezingancibiliki emanzini noma “zixubene,” njengobisi. Lokhu kubangela ukusatshalaliswa okulinganayo futhi okuzinzile kwezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene oketshezini olusikiwe, okwakha uketshezi olusikwayo olungahlanjululwa ngokungafanele ngokwemfuneko ngayinye.
Manje ake sikhulume ngamafutha wesitimela wethuluzi lomshini. Uwoyela wesitimela esiwumhlahlandlela kufanele ube nokusebenza okuhle kokugcobisa, ukusebenza okunqanda ukugqwala, nokusebenza okungahambisani nokugqokwa (okungukuthi, ikhono lefilimu kawoyela wokugcoba ukuze limelane nemithwalo esindayo ngaphandle kokuminyaniswa komile nokuchotshozwa). Esinye isici esibalulekile ukusebenza kwe-anti-emulsification. Siyazi ukuthi uketshezi lokusika luqukethe ama-emulsifiers ukuze ahlanganise izithako ezihlukahlukene, kodwa uwoyela wesitimela esiqondisayo kufanele ube nezindawo zokulwa ne-emulsification ukuze uvimbele ukufakwa kwe-emulsification.
Sizoxoxa ngezindaba ezimbili namuhla: i-emulsification kanye ne-anti-emulsification. Lapho uwoyela wesitimela esika uketshezi kanye nomhlahlandlela uhlangana, i-emulsifier oketshezini olusikayo ihlangana nezithako ezisebenzayo kuwoyela wesitimela esiqondisayo, okuholela ekutheni ujantshi oqondisayo ushiywe ungavikelekile, ungagcotshisiwe futhi ujwayele ukugqwala. Ukuvimbela lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo esifanele. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-emulsifier oketshezini lokusika ayithinti kuphela uwoyela wesitimela esiqondisayo kodwa namanye amafutha ethuluzi lomshini, njengamafutha we-hydraulic ngisho nendawo ependiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-emulsifiers kungabangela ukuguga, ukugqwala, ukulahlekelwa ukunemba, ngisho nokulimala kumathuluzi amaningi omshini.
Uma indawo yokusebenza yesitimela yethuluzi lakho lomshini ingenawo umoya, ungeqa ukufunda okuqukethwe okulandelayo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, cishe u-1% wamathuluzi omshini angavala ngokugcwele ama-rails angumhlahlandlela. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufunda ngokucophelela futhi wabelane ngolwazi olulandelayo nabangani abafanelekile abazokubonga ngakho.
Ukukhetha uwoyela womhlahlandlela ofanele kubalulekile ezitolo zemishini zesimanje. Ukunemba komshini kanye nempilo yesevisi yoketshezi olusebenza ngensimbi kuncike kwikhwalithi yamafutha omhlahlandlela. Lokhu, kuukuphenduka imishini, kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamathuluzi omshini. Uwoyela womhlahlandlela ofanele kufanele ube nokulawula ukungqubuzana okuphakeme futhi ugcine ukuhlukana okuhle kakhulu kuketshezi lokusika oluncibilika emanzini oluvame ukusetshenziswa ekucubunguleni insimbi. Uma kwenzeka amafutha omhlahlandlela okhethiwe kanye noketshezi lokusika alukwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele, uwoyela womhlahlandlela uzofaka i-emulsify, noma ukusebenza koketshezi lokusika kuzowohloka. Lezi yizizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokugqwala kwesitimela esiqondisayo kanye nokugcotshwa komhlahlandlela okungekuhle kumathuluzi emishini yesimanje.
Ngomshini, lapho uwoyela oqondisayo uhlangana noketshezi lokusika, kunomsebenzi owodwa kuphela: ukuwagcina “kude“!
Lapho ukhetha uwoyela womhlahlandlela kanye noketshezi lokusika, kubalulekile ukuhlola nokuhlola ukuhlukana kwabo. Ukuhlolwa okufanele nokukalwa kokuhlukana kwazo kungasiza ekugwemeni ukulahlekelwa phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula imishini nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okunembile kwemishini. Ukuze asize kulokhu, umhleli unikeze izindlela eziyisithupha ezilula nezisebenzayo, okuhlanganisa indlela eyodwa yokuthola, ezimbili zokuhlola, nezithathu zokuzilungisa. Lezi zindlela zingasiza ukuxazulula kalula inkinga yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwamafutha omhlahlandlela kanye noketshezi lokusika. Enye yalezi zindlela ihlanganisa ukuhlonza izimpawu ezibangelwa ukusebenza kabi kokuhlukana.
Uma uwoyela wesitimela u-emulsified futhi wehluleka, ithuluzi lakho lomshini lingase libe nezinkinga ezilandelayo:
·Umphumela wokugcoba uyancipha, futhi ukungqubuzana kuyanda
· Kungase kubangele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu
·Impahla engaphezulu noma impahla enamathelayo exhumene nomzila wesitimela iyagqokwa
·Imishini nezingxenye kugqwala
Noma uketshezi lwakho lokusika lungcoliswe uwoyela oqondisayo, futhi ezinye izinkinga zingase zenzeke, njenge:
·Ukugxila kokushintsha koketshezi olunqamulayo nokusebenza kuba nzima ukukulawula
·Umphumela wokugcoba uba mubi kakhulu, ukuguga kwamathuluzi kuba bucayi, futhi ikhwalithi yomshini owenziwe ngomshini iba yimbi kakhulu.
·Ayanda amathuba okuba amagciwane aphindaphindeke futhi abangele iphunga
·Yehlisa inani elingu-PH loketshezi olusikayo, olungase ludale ukugqwala
·Kunegwebu eliningi oketshezini olusikayo
Ukuhlolwa kwezinyathelo ezimbili: Khomba ngokushesha ukuhlukana kwamafutha omhlahlandlela noketshezi lokusika
Ukulahla uketshezi olusikiwe olungcoliswe izinto zokugcoba kungase kubize kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuvimbela inkinga kunokuba ubhekane nayo ngemva kokuvela kwezimpawu. Izinkampani ezisebenza ngomshini zingahlola kalula ukwahlukaniswa kwamafutha kaloliwe athile kanye noketshezi lokusika zisebenzisa izivivinyo ezimbili ezijwayelekile.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-TOYODA anti-emulsification
Ukuhlolwa kwe-TOYODA kwenzelwa ukuphindaphinda isimo lapho uwoyela wesitimela esiwumhlahlandlela ungcolisa uketshezi olusikiwe. Kulokhu kuhlolwa, ama-90 ml oketshezi lokusika kanye no-10 ml kawoyela wesitimela axutshwa esitsheni futhi anyakaziswa aqonde phezulu imizuzwana eyi-15. Uketshezi olusesitsheni lube selubhekwa amahora angu-16, bese kukalwa okuqukethwe oketshezini phezulu, phakathi nendawo, nangaphansi kwesitsha. Izincibilikisi zibe sezihlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu: uwoyela wesitimela (phezulu), ingxube yoketshezi olubili (ophakathi), noketshezi lokusika (phansi), ngalinye likalwa ngamamililitha.
Uma umphumela wokuhlolwa orekhodiwe ungu-90/0/10 (90 mL woketshezi olusikiwe, u-0 mL wengxube, no-10 mL wamafutha omhlahlandlela), kubonisa ukuthi uwoyela noketshezi lokusika kuhlukaniswe ngokuphelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umphumela ungu-98/2/0 (98 mL woketshezi olusikiwe, u-2 mL wengxube, no-0 mL wamafutha omhlahlandlela), lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusabela kwe-emulsification kwenzekile, kanye noketshezi lokusika kanye nomhlahlandlela. amafutha awahlukene kahle.
Ukuhlolwa kokuhlukaniswa koketshezi lwe-SKC
Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlose ukuphindaphinda isimo samafutha omhlahlandlela angcolisa uketshezi oluncibilika emanzini. Le nqubo ihilela ukuxuba amafutha omhlahlandlela ngamanzi ahlukahlukene okusika ajwayelekile ngesilinganiso sama-80:20, lapho i-8 ml yamafutha omhlahlandlela ixubene no-2 ml wokusika uketshezi. Ingxube ibe isishukunyiswa ku-1500 rpm ngomzuzu. Ngemuva kwalokho, isimo sengxube sibhekwa ngemuva kwehora elilodwa, usuku olulodwa, nezinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Isimo sengxube sikalwe esikalini esingu-1-6 ngokusekelwe kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
1=ihlukaniswe ngokuphelele
2=Ihlukaniswe kancane
3=uwoyela+ingxube ephakathi
4=Amafutha + ingxube ephakathi (+ uketshezi lokusika)
5=Ingxube emaphakathi + uketshezi lokusika
6=Zonke izingxube eziphakathi nendawo
Ucwaningo luye lwafakazela ukuthi ukusebenzisa uketshezi lokusika kanye nowoyela wokugcoba ovela kumhlinzeki ofanayo kungathuthukisa ukuhlukana kwabo. Isibonelo, lapho uxuba i-Mobil Vectra™ i-digital guide guide kanye ne-slide lubricant kanye ne-Mobilcut™ uchungechunge lokusika oluncibilika emanzini ngenani likawoyela/ukusika loketshezi elingu-80/20 no-10/90 ngokulandelana, izivivinyo ezimbili ziveze lokhu okulandelayo: I-Mobil Vectra™ I-Digital Series ingakwazi ukuhlukana kalula noketshezi olusikiwe, kuyilapho i-Mobil Cut™ yokusika uketshezi ishiya ungqimba lwamafutha okugcoba phezulu, okulula ukulisusa, futhi kukhiqizwa inani elincane lengxube.(idatha evela ku-ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company ).
Okusesithombeni: Umhlahlandlela we-Mobil Vectra™ Digital Series kanye nezinto zokugcoba zamaslayidi ngokusobala zinezici ezingcono zokusika ezihlukanisa uketshezi, zikhiqiza inani elincane kakhulu lengxube. [(Isithombe esiphezulu) 80/20 isilinganiso samafutha/ukusika amanzi; (Isithombe esingezansi) 10/90 isilinganiso samafutha/ukusika uketshezi]
Amathiphu amathathu okulungisa: ukhiye wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kweshabhu yokukhiqiza
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukunquma ukuhlukaniswa okufanele kwamafutha omhlahlandlela kanye noketshezi lokusika akuwona umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa. Izinto ezimbalwa ezingalawuleki zingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwamafutha omhlahlandlela kanye noketshezi lokusika ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwenza umsebenzi wokunakekela nokugcina usesimweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kweshabhu.
Ukunakekelwa kubalulekile hhayi kuwoyela oqondisayo kuphela kodwa nakwamanye ama-lubricant amathuluzi omshini afana nowoyela we-hydraulic namafutha egiya. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukungcola okubangelwa uketshezi olusikayo oluhlangana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamafutha ethuluzi lomshini futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane anaerobic oketshezini lokusika. Lokhu kusiza ekugcineni ukusebenza koketshezi olusikiwe, ukwelula impilo yalo yesevisi, nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwephunga.
Ukusika ukuqapha ukusebenza koketshezi: Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle koketshezi lwakho lokusika, kubalulekile ukugada njalo ukugxila kwalo. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokusebenzisa i-refractometer. Imvamisa, kuzovela umugqa omncane ohlukile ku-refractometer okhombisa amazinga okuhlushwa. Kodwa-ke, uma uketshezi olusikiwe luqukethe uwoyela wesitimela owenziwe nge-emulsified, imigqa emihle ku-refractometer izoba nokufiphala, okubonisa okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwamafutha antantayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungakwazi ukukala ukugxila koketshezi olusikiwe ngokusebenzisa i-titration futhi uyiqhathanise nokuhlushwa koketshezi olusha lokusika. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni izinga le-emulsification lamafutha antantayo.
Ukukhipha amafutha antantayo: Amathuluzi omshini wesimanje avame ukufakwa izihlukanisi zikawoyela ezintantayo ezizenzakalelayo, ezingaphinde zengezwe ezintweni zokusebenza njengengxenye ehlukile. Kumasistimu amakhulu, izihlungi nama-centrifuges ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuqeda amafutha antantayo nokunye ukungcola. Ukwengeza, ukushelela kukawoyela kungasulwa ngesandla kusetshenziswa izicoci ze-vacuum zezimboni namanye amathuluzi.
Uma uwoyela womhlahlandlela kanye noketshezi lokusika kunganakekelwa kahle, imuphi umthelela omubi ozoba nawo ezingxenyeni zomshini we-CNC?
Ukugcinwa okungalungile kwamafutha omhlahlandlela kanye noketshezi lokusika kungaba nemithelela eminingi engemihle kukhoIzingxenye zomshini ze-CNC:
Ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi kungaba yinkinga evamile lapho amathuluzi okusika engenawo ukugcotshwa okufanele kuwoyela oqondisayo. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhuleni kokuguga, okuholela ekuhlulekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Enye inkinga engavela ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yendawo eyenziwe ngomshini. Ngokugcotshwa okwanele, indawo engaphezulu ingase ishelele, futhi kungenzeki ukunemba kobukhulu.
Ukupholisa okunganele kungabangela ukulimala kokushisa, okungaba yingozi kokubili ithuluzi kanye nendawo yokusebenza. Ukusika uketshezi kusiza ukuqeda ukushisa, okwenza kubaluleke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukupholisa okwanele kunikezwa.
Ukuphatha kahle uketshezi lokusika kubalulekile ukuze kukhishwe ama-chip ngesikhathi somshini. Ukulawulwa koketshezi okwanele kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-chip, okungaba nomthelela omubi enqubweni yomshini futhi kuholele ekuphukeni kwamathuluzi. Ukwengeza, ukungabikho koketshezi olufanele kungadalulaukunemba waphenduka izingxenyeukugqwala kanye nokugqwala, ikakhulukazi uma uketshezi lulahlekelwe izici zalo zokuqeda ukugqwala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi lokusika luphathwa ngendlela efanele ukuze kugwenywe lezi zinkinga ukuthi zingenzeki.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-13-2024