1. Ukuhlelwa kwezinsimbi zokulinganisa
Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ithuluzi elinefomu elingashintshi futhi lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza kabusha noma ukunikeza inani elilodwa noma ngaphezulu elaziwayo. Amathuluzi okulinganisa ahlukene angahlukaniswa abe yizigaba ezilandelayo ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwawo:
1. Ithuluzi elilodwa lokulinganisa inani
Igeji elingabonisa inani elilodwa kuphela. Ingasetshenziselwa ukulinganisa nokulungisa ezinye izisetshenziswa zokulinganisa noma ukuyiqhathanisa ngokuqondile nenani elilinganiselwe njengenani elijwayelekile, elifana namabhulokhi wegeji, amabhulokhi wegeji ye-engeli, njll.I-CNC MACHINING AUTO INGXENYE
2. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa lamanani amaningi
Igeji elingamela iqembu lamanani alinganayo. Amanye amathuluzi okulinganisa nawo angalinganiswa futhi alungiswe noma aqhathaniswe ngokuqondile ne-measurand njengenani elijwayelekile, njengerula lomugqa.
3. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa elikhethekile
Igaji eklanyelwe ukuhlola ipharamitha ethile. Ezivamile yilezi: igeuji yomkhawulo ebushelelezi yokuhlola izimbobo ezibushelelezi eziyisilinda noma izigxobo, igeji yokukala intambo yokwahlulela ukufaneleka kwemicu yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle, ithempulethi yokuhlola yokwahlulela ukufaneleka kwamakhonto angaphezulu okwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nomsebenzi wokulingisa ukudlula komhlangano. ukuhlola amageji okunemba komhlangano, njll.
4. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa lomhlaba wonke
Ezweni lakithi, izinsimbi zokulinganisa ezinesakhiwo esilula zibizwa ngokuthi amathuluzi okulinganisa jikelele. Okufana nama-vernier calipers, ama-micrometer angaphandle, izinkomba zokudayela, njll.
2. Izinkomba zokusebenza kobuchwepheshe zamathuluzi okulinganisa
1. Inani elincane lethuluzi lokulinganisa
Inani elimakwe ethuluzini lokulinganisa ukukhombisa izici zalo noma ukuqondisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Isibonelo, usayizi omakwe kubhulokhi yegeji, usayizi omakwe eruleni, i-engeli ephawulwe kubhulokhi yegeji ye-engeli, njll.
2. Inani lokuthweswa iziqu
Kurula yethuluzi lokulinganisa, umehluko phakathi kobukhulu obumelwe imigqa yesikali esiseduze (ubukhulu beyunithi obuncane). Uma umehluko phakathi kwamanani amelwe imigqa yesikali emibili esondelene kusilinda se-micrometer ye-micrometer yangaphandle ingu-0.01mm, inani lokuphothula lethuluzi lokulinganisa lingu-0.01mm. Inani lokuhlukanisa inani leyunithi elincane kakhulu elingafundwa ngokuqondile ithuluzi lokulinganisa. Ikhombisa izinga lokufunda ngokunemba futhi ikhombisa ukunemba kokulinganisa kwethuluzi lokulinganisa.
3. Ibanga lokulinganisa
Ngaphakathi kokungaqiniseki okuvunyelwe, ububanzi obusuka kumkhawulo ophansi ukuya kumkhawulo ophezulu wenani elilinganiselwe elingakalwa ngethuluzi lokulinganisa. Isibonelo, ububanzi bokulinganisa be-micrometer yangaphandle ngu-0 kuya ku-25 mm, 25 kuya ku-50 mm, njll., futhi ububanzi bokulinganisa besiqhathanisi somshini ngu-0 kuya ku-180 mm.
4. Amandla okulinganisa
Enqubweni yokulinganisa okuthintana naye, ingcindezi yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-probe yensimbi yokulinganisa nendawo okumele ikalwe iyalinganiswa. Amandla okulinganisa amaningi azodala ukuwohloka okunwebekayo, amandla amancane okulinganisa azothinta ukuzinza kothintana naye.
5. Iphutha lenkomba
Umehluko phakathi kwevelu elibonisiwe lensimbi yokulinganisa kanye nenani langempela elilinganiswayo. Iphutha lenkomba liwukubonakaliswa okuphelele kwamaphutha ahlukahlukene wethuluzi lokulinganisa ngokwalo. Ngakho-ke, iphutha lenkomba lihlukile kumaphoyinti okusebenza ahlukene ngaphakathi kwebanga lezinkomba zethuluzi. Ngokuvamile, ibhulokhi yegeji noma elinye izinga lokulinganisa lokunemba okufanele lingasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe iphutha lenkomba yethuluzi lokulinganisa.
3. Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okulinganisa
Ngaphambi kokulinganisa ngakunye, kuyadingeka ukukhetha ithuluzi lokulinganisa ngokuya nezici ezikhethekile zengxenye ezolinganiswa. Isibonelo, ama-caliper, amageji obude, ama-micrometer, nezikali zokujula angasetshenziswa ukuze abone ubude, ububanzi, ubude, ukujula, ububanzi bangaphandle, nomehluko wezinga; ama-micrometer angasetshenziselwa amadayamitha we-shaft. , ama-calipers; ama-plug gauge, ama-block gauge nama-feeler gauge angasetshenziselwa izimbobo nemigodi; amarula e-engeli engakwesokudla asetshenziselwa ukukala i-engeli efanele yezingxenye; Amageji angu-R asetshenziselwa ukukala inani lika-R; Sebenzisa i-three-dimensional kanye ne-two-dimensional; sebenzisa umhloli wokuqina ukuze ulinganise ubulukhuni bensimbi.
1. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-calipersI-CNC ALUMINIUM INGXENYE
Ama-Caliper angakwazi ukukala ububanzi bangaphakathi, ububanzi bangaphandle, ubude, ububanzi, ukujiya, umehluko wezinga, ubude, nokujula kwezinto; Ama-caliper angamathuluzi okulinganisa asetshenziswa kakhulu futhi afaneleka kakhulu, futhi angamathuluzi okulinganisa asetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni yokucubungula.
I-Digital caliper: isixazululo esingu-0.01mm, sisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ubukhulu ngokubekezelelana okuncane (ukunemba okuphezulu).
Ikhadi lethebula: ukulungiswa okungu-0.02mm, kusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa usayizi ojwayelekile.
I-Vernier caliper: ukulungiswa okungu-0.02mm, okusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okuqinile.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-caliper, susa uthuli nokungcola ngephepha elimhlophe elihlanzekile (sebenzisa indawo yokulinganisa yangaphandle ye-caliper ukuze unamathisele iphepha elimhlophe bese ulikhipha ngokwemvelo, phinda izikhathi ezingu-2-3)
Uma usebenzisa i-caliper ukulinganisa, indawo yokulinganisa ye-caliper kufanele ihambisane noma i-perpendicular endaweni yokulinganisa yento okufanele ilinganiswe ngangokunokwenzeka;
Uma usebenzisa ukulinganisa ukujula, uma into elinganisiwe ine-engeli engu-R, kuyadingeka ukugwema i-engeli engu-R kodwa eduze ne-engeli engu-R, futhi igeji yokujula nobude obukaliwe kufanele kugcinwe kume mpo ngangokunokwenzeka;
Lapho i-caliper ikala isilinda, idinga ukujikeleziswa futhi inani eliphakeme litholwa ngesilinganiso sesigaba;
Ngenxa yemvamisa ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kwe-caliper, umsebenzi wokulungisa udinga ukwenziwa okungcono kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuyisebenzisa nsuku zonke, idinga ukusulwa futhi ifakwe ebhokisini. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ibhulokhi yokulinganisa iyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ukunemba kwe-caliper.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Micrometer
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-micrometer, sebenzisa iphepha elimhlophe elihlanzekile ukuze ususe uthuli nokungcola (sebenzisa i-micrometer ukuze ulinganise indawo oxhumene nayo kanye ne-screw surface ukuze unamathisele iphepha elimhlophe bese ulikhipha ngokwemvelo, uphinde izikhathi ezingu-2-3), bese usonta i-knob. ukukala othintana naye Lapho ingaphezulu nendawo yesikulufu kuthintana ngokushesha, sebenzisa ukulungisa kahle kunalokho. Uma izindawo ezimbili zixhumene ngokugcwele, lungisa uziro, futhi ukulinganisa kungenziwa.
Lapho i-micrometer ikala ihadiwe, hlanganisa ifindo. Uma isondelene nocezu lokusebenza, sebenzisa ifindo lokushuna kahle ukuze ungene, futhi ume lapho izwa ukuchofoza, ukuchofoza, nokuchofoza okuthathu, bese ufunda idatha evela kusikrini esibonisiwe noma isikali.
Lapho ukala imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, indawo yokulinganisa yokulinganisa kanye nesikulufu kuthinta kancane umkhiqizo.INGXENYE ENGEZENZIWE ENGENZIWE ENGEPHENDULWAYO
Lapho ukala ububanzi be-shaft nge-micrometer, linganisa okungenani izikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili noma ngaphezulu futhi ulinganise i-micrometer ngesilinganiso esiphezulu ezigabeni. Izindawo zokuthintana ezimbili kufanele zigcinwe zihlanzekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha okulinganisa.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwegeji yobude
I-gauge yobude isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukala ubude, ukujula, ukucaba, ukuma, ukugxila, i-coaxiality, ukudlidliza kwendawo, ukudlidliza kwamazinyo, ukujula, kanye nesilinganiso sobude. Lapho ukala, qala uhlole ukuthi ingabe i-probe nengxenye ngayinye yokuxhuma ikhululekile.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwegeji yokuzizwa
Igeji yokuzizwa ifanele ukukalwa kokucaba, ukugoba nokuqondile
Isilinganiso se-flatness:
Beka ingxenye endaweni yesikhulumi, bese usebenzisa i-feeler gauge ukukala igebe phakathi kwengxenye neplatifomu (Qaphela: Igeji yokuzizwa kanye nepulatifomu kugcinwa kucindezelwe ngaphandle kwezikhala ngesikhathi sokulinganisa)
Isilinganiso sokuqina:
Beka ingxenye endaweni yesikhulumi futhi wenze ukuzungezisa okukodwa, futhi usebenzise igeji yokuzizwa ukuze ulinganise igebe phakathi kwengxenye nesiteji.
Isilinganiso se-Curvature:
Beka ingxenye endaweni yesikhulumi, khetha igeji yokuzizwa efanele ukukala igebe phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili noma phakathi nendawo kanye nesiteji.
Ukulinganisa kwesikwele:
Beka uhlangothi olulodwa lwe-engeli elungile likaziro ukuze likalwe endaweni yesikhulumi, yenza olunye uhlangothi lube seduze nesikwele, futhi usebenzise i-feeler gauge ukuze ulinganise igebe elikhulu phakathi kwengxenye nesikwele.
5. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-plug gauge (pin):
Ilungele ukulinganisa ububanzi bangaphakathi, ububanzi be-groove kanye nokucaciswa kwezimbobo.
Uma i-diameter yembobo yengxenye inkulu, futhi ingekho igeji yenaliti yenaliti efanelekile, ama-gauge amabili epulaki angakwazi ukweqa, futhi i-plug gauge ingalungiswa ku-magnetic block emise okwe-V ngokukala isiqondiso esingu-360-degree, okuyinto ingavimbela ukuxega futhi kulula ukuyikala.
Isilinganiso sokuvula
Isilinganiso sembobo yangaphakathi: Lapho ububanzi bembobo bulinganiswa, ukungena kuyafaneleka, njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi.
Qaphela: Uma ukala i-plug gauge, idinga ukufakwa iqonde phezulu, hhayi ngokugobile.
6. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ukunemba: izinhlangothi ezimbili
I-elementi yesibili iyithuluzi lokulinganisa elisebenza kahle kakhulu, elinembayo elingathinteki. Isici sokuzwa sensimbi yokulinganisa asithintani ngqo nobuso bengxenye elinganisiwe, ngakho-ke asikho isenzo somshini samandla okulinganisa; isici sesibili sidlulisela isithombe esithwetshuliwe ngomugqa wedatha ekhadini lokutholwa kwedatha lekhompyutha ngendlela yokuqagela, bese Sithwetshulwa kusiqapha sekhompyutha yisoftware; izakhi ezihlukahlukene zejometri (amaphuzu, imigqa, imibuthano, ama-arcs, ama-ellipses, ama-rectangles), amabanga, ama-engeli, ukuhlangana, ukubekezelelana kwejometri (ukujikeleza, ukuqondile, ukufana, ukuma) ezingxenyeni kungenziwa (idigri, ukuthambekela, isikhundla, ukugxila, ukulinganisa ) ukukala, futhi ingenza okukhiphayo kwe-CAD kumdwebo we-2D wezinhlaka. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi i-contour ye-workpiece ingabhekwa, kodwa futhi ukuma okungaphezulu kwe-opaque workpiece kungalinganiswa.
Isilinganiso sesici sejiyomethri esivamile: Indingilizi engaphakathi engxenyeni esesithombeni esingezansi iyi-engeli ebukhali, engalinganiswa kuphela ngokuqagela.
Ukubhekwa kwendawo yokucubungula i-electrode: Ilensi yesici sesibili inomsebenzi wokukhulisa ukuhlola ukuhwaqa ngemva kokucubungula i-electrode (khulisa izikhathi eziyi-100 esithombeni).
Isilinganiso esincane se-groove esijulile
Ukutholwa kwesango: Ngesikhathi sokucubungula isikhunta, kuvame ukuba namasango afihlwe emseleni, futhi amathuluzi okuhlola ahlukahlukene awakwazi ukuwakala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukunamathiswa kwenjoloba kungaxhunyaniswa nesango leglue, futhi ukuma kwesango leglue kuzophrintwa ku-glue. , bese usebenzisa isici sesibili ukukala usayizi wokuphrinta kweglue ukuze uthole usayizi wesango.
Qaphela: Njengoba kungekho amandla emishini ngesikhathi sokulinganisa izinhlangothi ezimbili, isilinganiso sezinhlangothi ezimbili kufanele sisetshenziswe ngokusemandleni emikhiqizweni emincane nethambile.
7. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ukunemba: izinhlangothi ezintathu
Izici zesici se-three-dimensional zinembile kakhulu (kufika kuzinga elingu-μm); ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene (kungathatha indawo yamathuluzi okulinganisa ubude ahlukahlukene); ingasetshenziswa ukukala izakhi zejometri (ngaphezu kwezakhi ezingakalwa nge-element-dimensional element, ingaphinda ilinganise amasilinda, ama-cones), ukubekezelelana kweJiyomethri (ngaphezu kokubekezelelana kwejometri okungalinganiswa ngama-two- i-dimensional element, ihlanganisa ne-cylindricity, flatness, iphrofayili yomugqa, iphrofayili yendawo, i-coaxiality), amaphrofayili ayinkimbinkimbi, inqobo nje uma i-probe enezinhlangothi ezintathu Lapho ingathintwa khona, usayizi wayo wejiyomethri, indawo ehlangene, kanye nephrofayili yendawo kungakalwa; futhi ukucubungula idatha kungaqedwa ngosizo lwekhompyutha; ngokunemba kwayo okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kanye nekhono elihle kakhulu ledijithali, isibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqiza isikhunta sesimanje kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi. kusho, amathuluzi asebenzayo.
Okunye ukubumba kuyalungiswa, futhi alikho ifayela lomdwebo we-3D. Inani lokuxhumanisa le-elementi ngayinye kanye nohlaka lwendawo engajwayelekile lingalinganiswa, bese lithunyelwa ngaphandle ngesofthiwe yokudweba bese lenziwa umdwebo we-3D ngokuya ngezinto ezilinganisiwe, ezingacutshungulwa futhi zilungiswe ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwephutha. (Ngemva kokuba izixhumanisi zisethiwe, ungathatha noma yiliphi iphuzu ukukala izixhumanisi).
Isilinganiso sokuqhathanisa sokungenisa kwemodeli yedijithali ye-3D: Ukuze uqinisekise ukuvumelana nedizayini yezingxenye eziqediwe noma uthole ukulingana okulingana phakathi kwenqubo yokuhlanganisa isikhunta esifanelekile, lapho amanye amakhonco angewona ama-arcs noma ama-parabola, kodwa ezinye izindawo ezingajwayelekile , lapho i-geometric ukukalwa kwesici akunakwenziwa, imodeli ye-3D ingangeniswa futhi izingxenye zingaqhathaniswa futhi zikalwe, ukuze kuqondwe iphutha lokucubungula; ngenxa yokuthi inani elilinganisiwe liyivelu yokuchezuka kwephoyinti kuya kwephuzu, lingalungiswa kalula futhi lithuthukiswe ngokushesha nangempumelelo (idatha eboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi yinani elilinganisiwe langempela) Ukuchezuka enanini lethiyori).
8. Ukusetshenziswa komhloli wokuqina
Izihloli zokuqina ezivame ukusetshenziswa yi-Rockwell hardness tester (ideskithophu) kanye ne-Leeb hardness tester (ephathekayo). Amayunithi okuqina asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Rockwell HRC, Brinell HB, Vickers HV.
Umhloli wokuqina we-Rockwell HR (i-benchtop hardness tester)
Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Rockwell ukusebenzisa ikhoni yedayimane ene-apex angle engu-120 degrees noma ibhola lensimbi elinobubanzi obungu-1.59/3.18mm, ulicindezele ebusweni bezinto ezihloliwe ngaphansi komthwalo othile, futhi uthole ubulukhuni bensimbi. okokusebenza kusuka ekujuleni kokuhlehlisa. Ngokobulukhuni bento, ingahlukaniswa ngezikali ezintathu ezihlukene ukuze imele i-HRA, i-HRB, i-HRC.
I-HRA ubulukhuni obutholakala ngomthwalo ongu-60Kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane yezinto eziqinile kakhulu. Isibonelo: i-carbide.
I-HRB ubulukhuni obutholakala kusetshenziswa umthwalo ongu-100Kg kanye nebhola lensimbi eliqinile elinobubanzi obungu-1.58mm, futhi lisetshenziselwa izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphansi. Ngokwesibonelo: steel annealed, cast iron, njll, ingxubevange yethusi.
I-HRC ubulukhuni obutholakala ngomthwalo ongu-150Kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane yezinto eziqinile kakhulu. Isibonelo: insimbi eqinile, insimbi eqinile, insimbi ecinyiwe nepholile kanye nezinsimbi ezingenasici.
Ukuqina kwe-Vickers HV (ikakhulukazi ukukala ubulukhuni bobuso)
Ifanele ukuhlaziywa kwe-micrscopy. Ngomthwalo ongaphakathi kuka-120kg kanye ne-indenter yesikwele sekhoni yedayimane ene-engeli ephezulu engu-136°, cindezela ebusweni bento, bese ukala ubude be-diagonal bokuhlehlisa. Ifaneleka ekunqumeni ubulukhuni bezingcezu zokusebenza ezinkulu nezingqimba zangaphezulu ezijulile.
I-Leeb Hardness HL (Portable Hardness Tester)
Ubulukhuni be-Leeb buyindlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni obuguqukayo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yomthelela yenzwa yokuqina enomshini wokusebenza okaliwe, isilinganiso sesivinini sokubuyela emuva kuya kusivinini somthelela uma sikude ngo-1mm endaweni yocwecwe lokusebenza siphindaphindwa ngo-1000, okuchazwa njengevelu yobulukhuni be-Leeb.
Izinzuzo: Isihloli sokuqina sika-Leeb esakhiwe i-Leeb Hardness Theory sishintsha indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni bendabuko. Ngenxa yokuthi inzwa yokuqina incane njengepeni, ingahlola ngokuqondile ubulukhuni bomsebenzi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene endaweni yokukhiqiza ngokubamba inzwa, ngakho-ke kunzima kwabanye abahloli bokuqina bedeskithophu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-19-2022