1. Ukuhlelwa kwezinsimbi zokulinganisa
Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ithuluzi elinefomu elingashintshi futhi lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza kabusha noma ukunikeza inani elilodwa noma ngaphezulu elaziwayo. Amathuluzi okulinganisa ahlukene angahlukaniswa abe yizigaba ezilandelayo ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwawo:
1. Ithuluzi elilodwa lokulinganisa inani
Igeji elingabonisa inani elilodwa kuphela. Ingakwazi ukulinganisa futhi ilungise ezinye izisetshenziswa zokulinganisa noma iqhathanise ngokuqondile nenani elilinganiselwe njengenani elijwayelekile, elifana namabhulokhi wegeji, amabhulokhi wegeji ye-engeli, njll.I-CNC MACHINING AUTO INGXENYE
2. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa lamanani amaningi
Igeji engamela iqembu lamanani alinganayo. Ezinye izisetshenziswa zokulinganisa, njengerula lomugqa, zingalinganiswa, zilungiswe, noma ziqhathaniswe ngokuqondile nesilinganiso njengenani elijwayelekile.
3. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa elikhethekile
Igeji eklanyelwe ukuhlola ipharamitha ethile. Ezivamile igeuji yomkhawulo ebushelelezi yokuhlola izimbobo noma izigxobo ezibushelelezi, igeji yokukala intambo yokwahlulela ukufaneleka kwemicu yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle, ithempulethi yokuhlola yokwahlulela ukufaneleka kwamakhonto angaphezulu okwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nomsebenzi wokulingisa ukudlula komhlangano ukuze amageji okunemba komhlangano wokuhlola, njll.
4. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa lomhlaba wonke
Ezweni lakithi, izinsimbi zokulinganisa ezinezakhiwo ezilula zibizwa ngokuthi amathuluzi okulinganisa jikelele. Okufana nama-vernier calipers, ama-micrometer angaphandle, izinkomba zokudayela, njll.
2. Izinkomba zokusebenza kobuchwepheshe zamathuluzi okulinganisa
1. Inani elincane lethuluzi lokulinganisa
Inani elimakwe ethuluzini lokulinganisa libonisa izici zalo noma liqondisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Isibonelo, usayizi omakwe kubhulokhi yegeji, usayizi omakwe eruleni, i-engeli ephawulwe kubhulokhi ye-engeli ye-gauge, njll.
2. Inani lokuthweswa iziqu
Kurula yethuluzi lokulinganisa, umehluko phakathi kobukhulu umelelwa imigqa yesikali esiseduze (ubukhulu beyunithi obuncane). Uma umehluko phakathi kwamanani amelwe imigqa yesikali emibili exhumene kusilinda se-micrometer ye-micrometer yangaphandle ingu-0.01mm, inani lokuphothula lethuluzi lokulinganisa lingu-0.01mm. Inani lokuhlukanisa inani leyunithi elincane kakhulu elingafundwa ithuluzi lokulinganisa ngokuqondile. Ibonisa ileveli yokunemba kokufunda kanye nokunemba kokulinganisa kwethuluzi lokulinganisa.
3. Ibanga lokulinganisa
Ngaphakathi kokungaqiniseki okuvunyelwe, ububanzi obusuka kumkhawulo ophansi ukuya kumkhawulo ongaphezulu wenani elilinganiselwe elingalinganiswa ithuluzi lokulinganisa. Isibonelo, ububanzi bokulinganisa be-micrometer yangaphandle ngu-0 kuya ku-25 mm, 25 kuya ku-50 mm, njll., futhi ububanzi bokulinganisa besiqhathanisi somshini ngu-0 kuya ku-180 mm.
4. Amandla okulinganisa
Enqubweni yokulinganisa okuthintana naye, ingcindezi yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-probe yensimbi yokulinganisa nendawo okumele ikalwe iyalinganiswa. Amandla okulinganisa amaningi azodala ukuwohloka okunwebekayo, futhi amandla amancane okulinganisa azothinta ukuzinza kothintana naye.
5. Iphutha lenkomba
Umehluko phakathi kwevelu elibonisiwe lensimbi yokulinganisa kanye nenani langempela elilinganiswayo. Iphutha lenkomba liwukubonakaliswa okuphelele kwamaphutha ahlukahlukene wethuluzi lokulinganisa ngokwalo. Ngakho-ke, iphutha lenkomba lihlukile kumaphoyinti okusebenza ahlukene ngaphakathi kwebanga lezinkomba zethuluzi. Ngokuvamile, ibhulokhi yegeji noma elinye izinga lokulinganisa lokunemba okufanele lingasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe iphutha lenkomba yethuluzi lokulinganisa.
3. Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okulinganisa
Ngaphambi kokulinganisa ngakunye, kuyadingeka ukukhetha ithuluzi lokulinganisa ngokuya nezici ezihlukile zengxenye ezokalwa. Isibonelo, ama-caliper, amageji obude, ama-micrometer, nezikali zokujula angasetshenziswa ukuze abone ubude, ububanzi, ubude, ukujula, ububanzi bangaphandle, nomehluko wezinga; ama-micrometer angasetshenziselwa amadayamitha we-shaft. , ama-calipers; ama-plug gauge, ama-block gauge, nama-feeler gauge angasetshenziselwa izimbobo nemigodi; amarula e-engeli engakwesokudla asetshenziselwa ukukala i-engeli efanele yezingxenye; Amageji angu-R asetshenziselwa ukukala inani lika-R; Sebenzisa i-three-dimensional kanye ne-two-dimensional; sebenzisa umhloli wokuqina ukuze ulinganise ubulukhuni bensimbi.
1. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-calipers CNC ALUMINIUM INGXENYE
Ama-Caliper angakwazi ukukala ububanzi bangaphakathi, ububanzi bangaphandle, ubude, ububanzi, ukujiya, umehluko wezinga, ubude, nokujula kwezinto; Ama-caliper angamathuluzi okulinganisa asetshenziswa kakhulu futhi asebenziseka kakhulu futhi angamathuluzi okulinganisa asetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni yokucubungula.
I-Digital caliper: isixazululo esingu-0.01mm, sisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ubukhulu ngokubekezelelana okuncane (ukunemba okuphezulu).
Ikhadi lethebula: ukulungiswa okungu-0.02mm, kusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa usayizi ojwayelekile.
I-Vernier caliper: ukulungiswa okungu-0.02mm, okusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okuqinile.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-caliper, susa uthuli nokungcola ngephepha elimhlophe elihlanzekile (sebenzisa indawo yokulinganisa yangaphandle ye-caliper ukuze unamathisele iphepha elimhlophe bese ulikhipha ngokwemvelo, phinda izikhathi ezingu-2-3)
Uma usebenzisa i-caliper ukulinganisa, indawo yokulinganisa ye-caliper kufanele ihambisane noma i-perpendicular endaweni yokulinganisa yento okufanele ibalwe ngangokunokwenzeka;
Uma usebenzisa ukulinganisa ukujula, uma into elinganisiwe ine-engeli engu-R, kuyadingeka ukugwema i-engeli engu-R kodwa eduze ne-engeli engu-R, futhi igeji yokujula nobude obulinganiselwe kufanele kugcinwe kume mpo ngangokunokwenzeka;
Lapho i-caliper ilinganisa isilinda, idinga ukujikeleziswa, futhi inani eliphakeme litholakala ngesilinganiso sesigaba;
Ngenxa yemvamisa ephezulu yabasebenzisi be-caliper, umsebenzi wokulungisa kufanele wenziwe ngawo wonke amandla awo. Ngemuva kokuyisebenzisa nsuku zonke, kufanele isulwe futhi ifakwe ebhokisini. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ibhulokhi yokulinganisa iyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ukunemba kwe-caliper.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Micrometer
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-micrometer, sebenzisa iphepha elimhlophe elihlanzekile ukuze ususe uthuli nokungcola (sebenzisa i-micrometer ukuze ulinganise indawo oxhumene nayo kanye ne-screw surface ukuze unamathisele iphepha elimhlophe bese ulikhipha ngokwemvelo, uphinde izikhathi ezingu-2-3), bese usonta i-knob. ukukala othintana naye Lapho ingaphezulu nendawo yesikulufu kuthintana ngokushesha, sebenzisa ukulungisa kahle kunalokho. Uma izindawo ezimbili zixhumene ngokuphelele, lungisa uziro, futhi ukulinganisa kungenziwa.
Lapho i-micrometer ikala ihadiwe, hlanganisa ifindo. Uma isondelene nocezu lokusebenza, sebenzisa ifindo lokushuna kahle ukuze ungene, futhi ume lapho izwa ukuchofoza, ukuchofoza, nokuchofoza okuthathu, bese ufunda idatha evela kusikrini esibonisiwe noma isikali.
Lapho ukala imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, indawo yokulinganisa yokulinganisa kanye nesikulufu kuthinta kancane umkhiqizo.INGXENYE ENGEZENZIWE ENGENZIWE ENGEPHENDULWAYO
Lapho ukala ububanzi be-shaft nge-micrometer, linganisa okungenani izikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili noma ngaphezulu futhi ulinganise i-micrometer ngesilinganiso esiphezulu ezigabeni. Izindawo zokuthintana ezimbili kufanele zihlale zihlanzekile ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha okulinganisa.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwegeji yobude
I-gauge yobude isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukala ubude, ukujula, ukucaba, ukuma, ukugxila, i-coaxiality, ukudlidliza kwendawo, ukudlidliza kwamazinyo, ukujula, kanye nesilinganiso sobude. Okokuqala, hlola ukuthi ingabe i-probe kanye nengxenye ngayinye yokuxhuma kukhululekile yini lapho ukala.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwegeji yokuzizwa
Igeji yokuzizwa ifanele ukulinganisa ubungako betimu, ukugoba, kanye nobuqotho.
Isilinganiso se-flatness:
Beka ingxenye endaweni yesikhulumi, bese usebenzisa i-feeler gauge ukukala igebe phakathi kwengxenye neplatifomu (Qaphela: Igeji yokuzizwa kanye nepulatifomu kugcinwa kucindezelwe ngaphandle kwezikhala ngesikhathi sokulinganisa)
Isilinganiso sokuqina:
Beka ingxenye endaweni yesikhulumi, wenze ukuzungezisa okukodwa, bese usebenzisa igeji yokukala igebe phakathi kwengxenye nesiteji.
Isilinganiso se-Curvature:
Beka ingxenye endaweni yesikhulumi bese ukhetha igeji yokuzizwa efanele ukukala igebe phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili noma maphakathi nengxenye kanye nesiteji.
Ukulinganisa kwesikwele:
Beka uhlangothi olulodwa lwe-engeli elungile likaziro ukuze likalwe epulatifomu, yenza olunye uhlangothi lube eduze nesikwele, futhi usebenzise i-feeler gauge ukuze ulinganise igebe elibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwengxenye nesikwele.
5. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-plug gauge (pin):
Ilungele ukukala ububanzi bangaphakathi, ububanzi be-groove, nokuvula izimbobo.
Ake sithi ububanzi bembobo bengxenye bubalulekile, futhi ayikho igeji yenaliti efanelekile. Uma kunjalo, ama-gauge amabili epulaki angakwazi ukweqa, futhi i-plug gauge ingalungiswa kubhulokhi enozibuthe emise okwe-V ngokukala ngendlela engu-360-degree, engavimbela ukuxega futhi kulula ukuyikala.
Isilinganiso sokuvula
Isilinganiso sembobo yangaphakathi: Lapho ububanzi bembobo bulinganiswa, ukungena kuyafaneleka, njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi.
Qaphela: Lapho ukala i-gauge yepulaki, kufanele ifakwe iqonde phezulu, hhayi ngokugobile.
6. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ukunemba: izinhlangothi ezimbili
Isici sesibili siwukusebenza okuphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu, ithuluzi lokulinganisa elingaxhunywanga. Isici sokuzwa sensimbi yokulinganisa asithintani ngqo nobuso bengxenye elinganisiwe, ngakho-ke asikho isenzo somshini samandla okulinganisa; isici sesibili sidlulisela isithombe esithwetshuliwe ngomugqa wedatha ekhadini lokutholwa kwedatha lekhompyutha kusetshenziswa i-projection, bese Sithwetshulwa kusiqapha sekhompyutha yisoftware; izakhi ezihlukahlukene zejometri (amaphuzu, imigqa, imibuthano, ama-arcs, ama-ellipses, ama-rectangles), amabanga, ama-engeli, ukuhlangana, ukubekezelelana kwejometri (ukujikeleza, ukuqondile, ukufana, ukuma) ezingxenyeni kungenziwa (idigri, ukuthambekela, isikhundla, ukugxila, ukulinganisa ) ukukala. Bangakwazi futhi ukukhiqiza okukhiphayo kwe-CAD kwemidwebo ye-2D yezinhlaka. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi i-contour ye-workpiece ingabonwa, kodwa ukubunjwa kwendawo yokusebenza kwe-opaque nakho kungalinganiswa.
Isilinganiso sesici sejiyomethri esivamile: Indingilizi engaphakathi engxenyeni esesithombeni esingezansi iyi-engeli ebukhali, engalinganiswa kuphela ngokuqagela.
Ukubhekwa kwendawo yokucubungula i-electrode: Ilensi yesici sesibili ikhulisa ukuhlola ukuhwalala ngemva kokucubungula i-electrode (ikhulisa izikhathi eziyi-100 esithombeni).
Isilinganiso esincane se-groove esijulile
Ukutholwa kwesango: Ngesikhathi sokucubungula isikhunta, amanye amasango avame ukufihlwa ku-groove, futhi amathuluzi okuhlola ahlukahlukene awakwazi ukuwakala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukunamathiswa kwenjoloba kungaxhunyaniswa nesango leglue, futhi ukuma kwesango leglue kuzophrintwa ku-glue. , bese usebenzisa isici sesibili ukukala usayizi wokuphrinta kweglue ukuze uthole usayizi wesango.
Qaphela: Njengoba kungekho amandla emishini ngesikhathi sokulinganisa izinhlangothi ezimbili, isilinganiso sezinhlangothi ezimbili kufanele sisetshenziswe ngokusemandleni emikhiqizweni emincane nethambile.
7. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ukunemba: izinhlangothi ezintathu
Izici ze-elementi enezinhlangothi ezintathu ukunemba okuphezulu (kufika kuzinga elingu-μm), ukuguquguquka (kungakwazi ukuthatha indawo yamathuluzi okulinganisa ubude ahlukahlukene), ikhono lokulinganisa izici zejiyomethri (ngaphezu kwama-elementi i-elementi enezinhlangothi ezimbili engakwazi ngayo. isilinganiso, singaphinda silinganise amasilinda, amakhoni), ukubekezelelana kweJiyomethri (ngaphezu kokubekezelelana kwejiyomethri okungalinganiswa yisici esinezinhlangothi ezimbili, kuhlanganisa ne-cylindricity, isicaba, iphrofayili yomugqa, iphrofayili yendawo, i-coaxial), amaphrofayili ayinkimbinkimbi, inqobo nje uma i-probe enezinhlangothi ezintathu Lapho ingathintwa khona, usayizi wayo wejometri, indawo ehambisanayo, kanye nephrofayili yendawo kungakalwa; futhi ukucubungula idatha kungaqedwa ngosizo lwekhompyutha; ngokunemba kwayo okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka okuphakeme, kanye nekhono elihle kakhulu ledijithali, isibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqiza isikhunta sesimanje kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi: Kusho amathuluzi asebenzayo.
Okunye ukubumba kuyalungiswa, futhi alikho ifayela lomdwebo we-3D. Inani lokuxhumanisa le-elementi ngayinye kanye nohlaka lwendawo engajwayelekile lingalinganiswa futhi lithunyelwe ngaphandle kwesofthiwe yokudweba futhi lenziwe libe imidwebo ye-3D ngokuya ngezinto ezilinganisiwe, ezingacutshungulwa futhi zilungiswe ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwephutha. (Ngemva kokuba izixhumanisi zisethiwe, ungathatha noma yiliphi iphuzu ukukala izixhumanisi).
Isilinganiso sokuqhathanisa sokungenisa kwemodeli yedijithali ye-3D: Ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana nedizayini yezingxenye eziqediwe noma ukuthola ukulingana okulingana phakathi kwenqubo yokuhlanganisa isikhunta esifanelekile, lapho amanye ama-contour angewona ama-arcs noma ama-parabola, kodwa ezinye izindawo ezingajwayelekile, lapho isilinganiso sesici sejiyomethri. ayikwazi ukwenziwa, imodeli ye-3D ingangeniswa, futhi izingxenye zingaqhathaniswa futhi zikalwe, ukuqonda iphutha lokucubungula; ngenxa yokuthi inani elilinganisiwe liyivelu yokuchezuka kwephoyinti kuya kwephuzu, lingalungiswa kalula futhi lithuthukiswe ngokushesha nangempumelelo (idatha eboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi yinani elilinganisiwe langempela) Ukuchezuka enanini lethiyori).
8. Ukusetshenziswa komhloli wokuqina
Izihloli zokuqina ezivame ukusetshenziswa yi-Rockwell hardness tester (ideskithophu) kanye ne-Leeb hardness tester (ephathekayo). I-Rockwell HRC, i-Brinell HB, ne-Vickers HV zingamayunithi okuqina asetshenziswa kakhulu.
Umhloli wokuqina we-Rockwell HR (i-benchtop hardness tester)
Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Rockwell ukusebenzisa ikhoni yedayimane ene-apex angle engu-120 degrees noma ibhola lensimbi elinobubanzi obungu-1.59/3.18mm, ulicindezele ebusweni bezinto ezihloliwe ngaphansi komthwalo othile, futhi uthole ubulukhuni bensimbi. okokusebenza kusuka ekujuleni kokuhlehlisa. Ukuqina kwento bungahlukaniswa ngezikali ezintathu ezihlukene, okungukuthi, i-HRA, i-HRB, ne-HRC.
I-HRA ubulukhuni obutholakala ngomthwalo ongu-60 kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane yezinto eziqinile—ngokwesibonelo, i-carbide.
I-HRB ubulukhuni obutholakala kusetshenziswa umthwalo ongu-100 kg kanye nebhola lensimbi eliqinile elinobubanzi obungu-1.58mm futhi isetshenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphansi—ngokwesibonelo, insimbi ehlanganisiwe, insimbi ecijile, njll., nethusi eliyingxubevange.
I-HRC ubulukhuni obutholakala ngomthwalo we-150 kg kanye ne-diamond cone indenter izinto eziqinile. -isibonelo, insimbi eqinile, insimbi eqinile, insimbi ecishiwe nepholile, nensimbi engagqwali.
Ukuqina kwe-Vickers HV (ikakhulukazi ukukala ubulukhuni bobuso)
Ifanele ukuhlaziywa kwe-micrscopy. Ngomthwalo ongaphakathi kuka-120kg kanye ne-indenter yesikwele sekhoni yedayimane ene-engeli ephezulu engu-136°, cindezela endaweni ebonakalayo, bese ukala ubude be-diagonal bokuhlehlisa. Ifaneleka ekunqumeni ubulukhuni bezingcezu zokusebenza ezinkulu nezingqimba zangaphezulu ezijulile.
I-Leeb Hardness HL (Portable Hardness Tester)
Ubulukhuni be-Leeb buyindlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni obuguqukayo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yomthelela yenzwa yokuqina enomshini wokusebenza okaliwe, isilinganiso sesivinini sokubuyela emuva kuya kusivinini somthelela lapho siqhele ngo-1mm endaweni yocwecwe lokusebenza siphindaphindwa ngo-1000, okuchazwa njengevelu yobulukhuni be-Leeb.
Izinzuzo: Isihloli sokuqina sika-Leeb esakhiwe i-Leeb Hardness Theory sishintsha indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni bendabuko. Ngenxa yokuthi inzwa yokuqina incane njengepeni, ingahlola ngokuqondile ubulukhuni bomsebenzi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene endaweni yokukhiqiza ngokubamba inzwa, okwenza kube nzima kwabanye abahloli bokuqina bedeskithophu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-19-2022