Sengineminyaka eminingi ngenza imishini, futhi ngicubungule okuhlukahlukeneizingxenye zomshini, izingxenye eziphendukayofuthiizingxenye zokugayangokusebenzisa amathuluzi omshini we-CNC kanye nemishini yokunemba. Kuhlale kunengxenye eyodwa ebalulekile, futhi leyo yisikulufu.
Amamaki okusebenza amabhawodi oxhumano lwesakhiwo sensimbi ahlukaniswe abe amamaki angaphezu kwe-10 afana ne-3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, phakathi kwawo amabhawodi ebanga lesi-8.8 nangaphezulu enziwe nge-low- insimbi ye-carbon alloy noma i-medium-carbon steel futhi iye yaphathwa ngokushisa (icisha, ishisa), eyaziwa ngokuthi amabhawodi anamandla amakhulu, kanti amanye ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi amabhawodi ajwayelekile. Ilebula yebanga lokusebenza kwebhawudi iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili zezinombolo, ngokulandelana kwazo ezimelela inani lamandla aqinile aqinile kanye nesilinganiso samandla esivuno sento yebhawodi. Ngokwesibonelo:
Incazelo yamabhawodi anezinga lokusebenza 4.6 ithi:
Amandla okuqina okuzisholo wento yebhawodi afinyelela ku-400MPa;
Isilinganiso sesivuno sempahla ye-bolt ngu-0.6;
Amandla okuvunwa okuzisholo wento yebhawodi afinyelela izinga lama-400×0.6=240MPa.
Ibanga lokusebenza grade 10.9 amabhawodi high-amandla, ngemva kokwelashwa ukushisa, angafinyelela:
Amandla okuzisholo okuqinile wento yebhawodi afinyelela ku-1000MPa;
Isilinganiso sesivuno sempahla ye-bolt ngu-0.9;
Amandla okukhiqiza ajwayelekile wento yebhawodi afinyelela izinga elingu-1000×0.9=900MPa.
Incazelo yebanga lokusebenza kwebholithi iyindinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe. Amabhawudi webanga elifanayo lokusebenza anokusebenza okufanayo kungakhathaliseki umehluko ezintweni zawo kanye nemvelaphi. Ibanga lokusebenza kuphela elingakhethelwa idizayini.
Lokho okubizwa ngamamaki wamandla angu-8.8 no-10.9 kusho ukuthi amamaki e-shear stress of the bolts angu-8.8GPa no-10.9GPa
8.8 Amandla okubamba amandla 800N/MM2 Amandla esivuno esincane 640N/MM2
Amabhawodi avamile asebenzisa u-“XY” ukuze abonise amandla, X*100=amandla aqinile aleli bhawodi, X*100*(Y/10)=amandla okukhiqiza aleli bhawodi (ngoba ngokwelebula: khipha amandla/amandla okubamba =Y/ 10)
Njengebanga lesi-4.8, amandla aqinile ale bhawodi: 400MPa; amandla okukhiqiza ngu: 400*8/10=320MPa.
Okunye: amabhawodi ensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile aphawulwa ngokuthi A4-70, A2-70, incazelo ichazwa ngenye indlela.
isilinganiso
Ikakhulukazi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamayunithi okulinganisa ubude emhlabeni namuhla, eyodwa uhlelo lwemethrikhi, kanti amayunithi okulinganisa amamitha (m), amasentimitha (cm), amamilimitha (mm), njll., asetshenziswa kabanzi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. njenge-Europe, izwe lami, ne-Japan, kanti enye isistimu ye-metric. Uhlobo luwuhlelo lombuso, futhi iyunithi yokulinganisa ingamasentimitha, elilingana nesistimu endala ezweni lami, futhi lisetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States, e-United Kingdom nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika.
Isilinganiso semethrikhi: (uhlelo lwedesimali) 1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Isilinganiso esiyintshi: (isistimu ye-octal) 1 intshi = 8 amayintshi 1 intshi = 25.4 mm 3/8 × 25.4 = 9.52
I-1/4 yemikhiqizo elandelayo isebenzisa izinombolo ukumela amadayamitha egama lawo, njengalezi: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#
umucu
Umucu umumo onama-helical projection afanayo engxenyeni yendawo eqinile yangaphandle noma yangaphakathi. Ngokwezici zayo zesakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa, ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:
Intambo evamile: Umumo wezinyo unonxantathu, usetshenziselwa ukuxhuma noma ukubopha izingxenye. Izintambo ezivamile zihlukaniswa zibe izintambo ezimahhadlahhadla nezicolekileyo ngokuya ngephimbo, futhi amandla okuxhumana emicu emihle aphakeme.
Intambo yokudlulisela: Umumo wezinyo uhlanganisa i-trapezoidal, unxande, umumo wesaha kanye nonxantathu.
Intambo yokuvala: isetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa uphawu, ikakhulukazi intambo yepayipi, intambo ecijile kanye nentambo yepayipi ecijile.
Kuhlukaniswa ngomumo:
Ibanga elilingana nentambo
Ukulingana kochungechunge yizinga lokuxega noma ukucinana phakathi kwemicu eyisikulufi, futhi izinga lokulingana liyinhlanganisela enqunyiwe yokuchezuka nokubekezelelana okusebenza kuchungechunge lwangaphakathi nangaphandle.
1. Emiculweni eyi-intshi engamayintshi ahlanganisiwe, kunamabanga amathathu emicu yangaphandle: 1A, 2A kanye no-3A, kanye namamaki amathathu emicu yangaphakathi: 1B, 2B kanye no-3B, wonke lawo alingana nokulingana. Uma iphezulu inombolo yebanga, kuqina ukulingana. Ochungechungeni lwamayintshi, ukuchezuka kubeka amabanga 1A no-2A kuphela, ukuchezuka kwebanga 3A kunguziro, futhi ukuchezuka kwebanga 1A kanye nebanga 2A kuyalingana. Uma sikhulu inani lamabanga, kuncane ukubekezelelana.
Amakilasi 1A no-1B, amakilasi okubekezelelana axega kakhulu, afanele ukubekezelela ukuhambisana kwemicu yangaphakathi neyangaphandle.
Amakilasi 2A kanye no-2B amakilasi avame kakhulu okubekezelela intambo acaciswe ochungechungeni lwe-imperial fasteners.
I-Class 3A ne-3B, zifakwe ngezikulufu ukuze zakhe ukulingana okuqine kakhulu, ezifanele izibophelelo ezinokubekezelela okuqinile, futhi zisetshenziswa kumadizayini abaluleke kakhulu kwezokuphepha.
Ochungechungeni lwangaphandle, amabanga 1A no-2A anokubekezela okufanele, ibanga 3A alinakho. Ukubekezelelwa Kwekilasi 1A kukhulu ngo-50% kunokubekezelelwa Kwekilasi 2A, ngo-75% kukhulu kunokubekezelelwa Kwekilasi 3A, futhi ukubekezelelwa Kwekilasi 2B kukhulu ngo-30% kunokubekezelelwa Kwekilasi 2A kochungechunge lwangaphakathi. Ikilasi 1B likhulu ngo-50% kuneClass 2B futhi likhulu ngo-75% kuneClass 3B.
2. Ngemicu yemethrikhi, kunamabanga amathathu entambo emicu yangaphandle: 4h, 6h kanye no-6g, kanye namabanga amathathu emicu yangaphakathi: 5H, 6H, kanye no-7H. (Ibanga lesi-Japan lokunemba kwentambo evamile lihlukaniswe ngamabanga amathathu: I, II, kanye ne-III, futhi ngokuvamile liyibanga II.) Kuchungechunge lwemethrikhi, ukuchezuka okuyisisekelo kuka-H kanye no-h kunguziro. Ukuchezuka okuyisisekelo kuka-G kuphozithivu, futhi ukuchezuka okuyisisekelo kuka-e, f kanye no-g kunegethivu.
H iyindawo evame ukusetshenziswa yokubekezelela imicu yangaphakathi, futhi ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa njengendawo yokumboza, noma kusetshenziswa ungqimba oluncane lwe-phosphating. Ukuchezuka okuyisisekelo kwesikhundla sika-G kusetshenziselwa izikhathi ezikhethekile, ezifana nokujiya, futhi ngokuvamile akuvamile ukusetshenziswa.
g ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunamathisela i-coating encane ye-6-9um. Uma umdwebo womkhiqizo udinga ibhawudi elingu-6h, intambo ngaphambi kokucwenga ithatha indawo yokubekezelela engu-6g.
Ukulingana kwentambo kungcono kakhulu kuhlanganiswe ku-H/g, H/h noma G/h. Okwezintambo zokubopha okucolisisiwe njengamabhawudi namantongomane, izinga lincoma ukulingana okungu-6H/6g.
3. Ukumaka intambo
Amapharamitha amakhulu wejometri wokuzithepha ngokwakho kanye nezintambo zokuzibhoboza
1. Idayamitha enkulu/idayamitha yezinyo yangaphandle (d1): Ububanzi besilinda esicatshangelwayo lapho izintambo zentambo ziqondana khona. Idayamitha enkulu yentambo ngokuyisisekelo imele ububanzi bokulinganisa bosayizi wentambo.
2. Ububanzi obuncane/ububanzi bempande (d2): Ububanzi besilinda esicatshangelwayo lapho intambo engezansi iqondana khona.
3. Ibanga lezinyo (p): Ibanga le-axial phakathi kwamazinyo aseduze elihambisana namaphoyinti amabili ku-mid-meridian. Esimisweni sombuso, ibanga lezinyo liboniswa inani lamazinyo ngentshi ngayinye (25.4mm).
Okulandelayo uhlu lwezicaciso ezijwayelekile ze-tooth pitch (uhlelo lwemethrikhi) kanye nenani lamazinyo (uhlelo lombuso)
1) Amazinyo okuzishaya we-Metric:
Imininingwane: S T1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, S T3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4. 8, S T5.5, S T6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Ukuphakama: 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.1
2) Amazinyo e-Imperial azishayayo:
Imininingwane: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#, 14#
Inombolo yamazinyo: AB amazinyo 24, 20, 20, 19, 18, 16, 14, 14
Amazinyo 24, 20, 18, 16, 15, 12, 11, 10
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-02-2023