Umshini ubusebenza impilo yonke, isho ukuthini i-4.4 kanye ne-8.8 kubhawodi?

Ngemva kokusebenza njengomshini iminyaka eminingi kangaka, akumele wazi incazelo yamalebula ezikrinini, akunjalo?

Amamaki okusebenza ama-bolts oxhumano lwesakhiwo sensimbi ahlukaniswe ngamamaki angaphezu kwe-10 njenge-3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, njll. Phakathi kwabo, amabhawodi ebanga lesi-8.8 nangaphezulu enziwa yensimbi ye-low-carbon alloy noma i-medium-carbon steel futhi iphathwa ngokushisa (icisha, ishisa), eyaziwa ngokuthi amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu, amanye aziwa kakhulu njengamabhawodi ajwayelekile. Ilebula yebanga lokusebenza kwebhawudi iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili zezinombolo, ezimele inani lamandla aqinile aqinile kanye nesilinganiso sesivuno sento yebhawodi ngokulandelanayo. Isb:
Amabhothi esigaba 4.6 asho ukuthi:
Amandla okuqina okuzisholo wento yebhawodi afinyelela ku-400MPa;
Isilinganiso sesivuno sempahla ye-bolt ngu-0.6;
Amandla okuvunwa okuzisholo okwenziwa kwebhawodi ngu-400×0.6=240MPa.
Izinga lokusebenza 10.9 amabhawodi amandla aphezulu, ngemva kokwelashwa ukushisa, angafinyelela:
Amandla okuzisholo okuqinile wento yebhawodi afinyelela ku-1000MPa;
Isilinganiso sesivuno sempahla ye-bolt ngu-0.9;
Amandla okuvunwa okuzisholo wento yebhawodi ngu-1000×0.9=900MPa.

Incazelo yebanga lokusebenza kwebholithi iyindinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe. Amabhawudi webanga elifanayo lokusebenza, kungakhathaliseki umehluko wezinto ezibonakalayo nemvelaphi, anokusebenza okufanayo, futhi izinga lokusebenza kuphela elingakhethwa edizayini.
Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ama-8.8 kanye ne-10.9 amamaki wamandla kusho ukuthi ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwe-shear kwebhawudi kungu-8.8GPa no-10.9GPa
8.8 Amandla okubamba amandla 800N/MM2 Amandla esivuno esincane 640N/MM2
Amabhawodi ajwayelekile asebenzisa u-"XY" ukukhombisa amandla, X*100=amandla aqinile aleli bhawodi, X*100*(Y/10)=amandla okukhiqiza aleli bhawodi (ngoba ngokwemithethonqubo: khipha amandla/amandla okubamba =Y /10)
Isibonelo, ibanga lesi-4.8, amandla aqinile ale bhawodi: 400MPa; amandla okukhiqiza ngu: 400*8/10=320MPa.
Okunye: amabhawodi ensimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile aphawulwa ngokuthi A4-70, A2-70, incazelo ichazwa ngenye indlela.
isilinganiso
Kunamayunithi amabili amakhulu okulinganisa ubude emhlabeni namuhla, enye isistimu yemethrikhi, kanti iyunithi yokulinganisa amamitha (m), amasentimitha (cm), amamilimitha (mm), njll. Uhlobo luhlelo lombuso, futhi iyunithi yokulinganisa ngokuyinhloko ingama-intshi, elilingana ne-intshi yemakethe yesistimu endala ezweni lami, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States, eBrithani nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika.
Isilinganiso semethrikhi: (idesimali) 1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Isilinganiso sombuso: (8 uhlelo) 1 intshi = 8 cents 1 inch = 25.4 mm 3/8 × 25.4 = 9.52
Imikhiqizo engaphansi kwe-1/4 isebenzisa inombolo ye-serial ukukhombisa ububanzi bayo bokubiza, njengalokhu: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#

umucu
Umucu umumo onama-helical protrusions afanayo esigabeni esiphambanayo sendawo engaphandle eqinile noma engaphakathi. Ngokwezici zayo zesakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa, ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:
Intambo evamile: Umumo wezinyo unonxantathu futhi usetshenziselwa ukuxhuma noma ukubopha izingxenye. Imicu evamile ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: intambo eqinile nentambo ecolekileyo ngokwephimbo, futhi amandla okuxhumana entambo ecolekileyo aphakeme.
Intambo yokudlulisa: Kunezimo ze-trapezoidal, unxande, ezimise okwesaha nezingunxantathu.
Intambo yokuvala: isetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa uphawu, ikakhulukazi intambo yepayipi, intambo ecijile kanye nentambo yepayipi ecijile.
Hlunga ngomumo:

Isigaba sokulinganisa intambo

Ukulingana kwentambo kuwusayizi oxegayo noma oqinile phakathi kwemicu eyisikulufi, futhi izinga lokulingana liyinhlanganisela ecacisiwe yokuchezuka nokubekezelelana okusebenza ochungechungeni lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle.
1. Emiculweni eyi-intshi engamayintshi ahlanganisiwe, kunamabanga amathathu emicu yangaphandle: 1A, 2A kanye no-3A, kanye namamaki amathathu emicu yangaphakathi: 1B, 2B kanye no-3B, wonke lawo alingana nokulingana. Uma iphakama inombolo yokulinganisa, kuqina ukulingana. Kuchungechunge lwamayintshi, ukuchezuka kucaciswe kuphela kumabanga 1A no-2A, ukuchezuka kwebanga 3A kunguziro, futhi ukuchezuka kwebanga kwebanga 1A no-2A kuyalingana. Uma likhulu inani lamazinga, kuncane ukubekezelelana.
Amakilasi 1A no-1B, amakilasi okubekezelelana axega kakhulu, afanele ukubekezelela ukuhambisana kwemicu yangaphakathi neyangaphandle.
Amabanga 2A kanye no-2B amamaki ajwayelekile kakhulu okubekezelela intambo acaciswe ochungechungeni lwe-intshi lokubopha imishini.
Amabanga 3A no-3B, ahlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze enze ukulingana okuqinile, afanele izibophelelo eziqinile futhi asetshenziswa kumiklamo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezokuphepha.
Ochungechungeni lwangaphandle, amabanga 1A no-2A anokubekezela okufanele, ibanga 3A alinakho. Ukubekezelelana kwe-1A kukhulu ngo-50% kunokubekezelelana kwe-2A futhi kukhulu ngo-75% kunokubekezelelana kwe-3A. Ngochungechunge lwangaphakathi, ukubekezelelana kwe-2B kukhulu ngo-30% kunokubekezelelana kwe-2A. Ikilasi 1B likhulu ngo-50% kunekilasi 2B futhi likhulu ngo-75% kunekilasi 3B.
2. Imicu yemethrikhi, kunamabanga amathathu entambo emicu yangaphandle: 4h, 6h no-6g, kanye namamaki amathathu entambo emicu yangaphakathi: 5H, 6H, 7H. (Ibanga lesi-Japan lokunemba kwentambo evamile lihlukaniswe ngamabanga amathathu: I, II, kanye ne-III, futhi ngokuvamile libanga II.) Kuchungechunge lwemethrikhi, ukuchezuka okuyisisekelo kuka-H kanye no-h kunguziro. Ukuchezuka okuyisisekelo kuka-G kuphozithivu, kanti ukuchezuka okuyisisekelo kuka-e, f, kanye no-g kuthi kunegethivu.
I-H iyindawo evamile yokubekezelela imicu yangaphakathi, futhi ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa njengendawo yokumboza, noma kusetshenziswa ungqimba oluncane lwe-phosphating. Ukuchezuka okuyisisekelo kokuma kwe-G kusetshenziselwa izikhathi ezikhethekile, njengokujiya, okungavamile ukusetshenziswa.
g ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukugqoka ingubo encane ye-6-9um. Isibonelo, umdwebo womkhiqizo udinga i-bolt engu-6h, futhi intambo ngaphambi kokucwenga isebenzisa indawo yokubekezelela engu-6g.
Ukulingana kwentambo kungcono kakhulu kuhlanganiswe ku-H/g, H/h noma G/h. Ngezintambo zokubopha ezicolisisiwe njengamabhawudi namantongomane, izinga lincoma ukulingana okungu-6H/6g.
3. Ukumaka intambo
Amapharamitha amakhulu wejometri wokuzithepha ngokwakho kanye nezintambo zokuzibhoboza
1. Idayamitha enkulu/ububanzi bezinyo bangaphandle (d1): Idayamitha yesilinda ecatshangelwayo yokuqondana kwemilungo. Idayamitha enkulu yochungechunge ngokuyisisekelo imele ububanzi bokulinganisa bosayizi wentambo.
2. Ububanzi obuncane/ububanzi bezimpande (d2): Ububanzi besilinda esicatshangelwayo lapho impande yochungechunge iqondana khona.
3. Ibanga lezinyo (p): ibanga eliyi-axial phakathi kwamazinyo ancikene elihambisana namaphuzu amabili kumeridian omaphakathi. Ohlelweni lombuso, iphimbo liboniswa ngenani lamazinyo ngentshi ngayinye (25.4mm).
Okulandelayo kuklelisa ukucaciswa okuvamile kwephimbo (imethrikhi) kanye nenani lamazinyo (i-imperial)
1) Ukuzithepha ngokwakho kwemethrikhi:
Imininingwane: S T1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, S T3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4. 8, S T5.5, S T6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Ukuphakama: 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.1
2) Intshi ukuzithepha ngokwakho:
Imininingwane: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#, 14#
Inombolo yamazinyo: AB amazinyo 24, 20, 20, 19, 18, 16, 14, 14
Izinyo 24, 20, 18, 16, 15, 12, 11, 10