Kunamafomethi ephepha amahlanu ajwayelekile, ngalinye likhethwe ngohlamvu nenombolo: A0, A1, A2, A3, kanye no-A4. Ekhoneni elingezansi kwesokudla lohlaka lomdwebo, ibha yesihloko kufanele ifakwe, futhi umbhalo ongaphakathi kwebha yesihloko kufanele uhambisane nesiqondiso sokubuka.
Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zemigqa yokudweba: umugqa oqinile oqinile, umugqa oqinile omncane, umugqa ojikajikayo, umugqa ogoqeke kabili, ulayini onamachashazi, umugqa wodeshi omncane, umugqa kadeshi owugqinsi, nomugqa wamadeshi amabili.
Emdwebeni, i-contour ebonakalayo yengxenye yomshini kufanele idwetshwe kusetshenziswa umugqa oqinile oqinile, kuyilapho i-contour engabonakali kufanele idwetshwe kusetshenziswa umugqa wamachashazi. Imigqa yobukhulu kanye nemingcele yobukhulu kufanele zidwetshwe ngomugqa omncane oqinile, futhi umugqa ophakathi nendawo kanye ne-eksisi kufanele kudwetshwe ngomugqa omncane wedeshi. Ububanzi bomugqa onamachashazi, umugqa omncane oqinile, kanye nomugqa wedeshi omncane kufanele kube cishe u-1/3 womugqa oqinile oqinile. Amafomethi wephepha angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezinhlanu ngokuya ngosayizi wawo, futhi amakhodi efomethi yomdwebo A0, A1, A2, A3, kanye ne-A4. Kumelwe kube nebha yesihloko ekhoneni elingezansi kwesokudla lohlaka lomdwebo, futhi isiqondiso sombhalo kubha yesihloko sihambisana nesiqondiso sokubuka.
Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zemigqa yokudweba: umugqa oqinile oqinile, umugqa oqinile omncane, umugqa ojikajikayo, umugqa ogoqeke kabili, ulayini onamachashazi, umugqa wodeshi omncane, umugqa kadeshi owugqinsi, nomugqa wamadeshi amabili.
Emdwebeni, i-contour ebonakalayo yengxenye yomshini idwetshwa ngomugqa oqinile, oqinile. I-contour engabonakali idwetshwa ngomugqa onamachashazi. Umugqa wobukhulu nomngcele wobukhulu zidwetshwe ngomugqa omncane oqinile. I-symmetry center line kanye ne-eksisi zidwetshwa ngomugqa wedeshi omncane. Ububanzi bomugqa onamachashazi, umugqa omncane oqinile, nomugqa wedeshi omncane cishe u-1/3 womugqa oqinile owugqinsi.
Isilinganiso sibhekisela esilinganisweni sosayizi wesibalo esithombeni kuya kusayizi wangempela.
Isilinganiso sika-1:2 sisho ukuthi ubukhulu bangempela buphindwe kabili kunobukhulu besibalo, okuyisilinganiso sokunciphisa.
Isilinganiso sika-2:1 sisho ukuthi usayizi wesibalo uphindwe kabili kunosayizi wangempela, okuyisilinganiso sokukhuliswa.
Lapho udala umdwebo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isilinganiso senani sangempela ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kudingeka, ungasebenzisa isilinganiso esincishisiwe sika-1:2 noma isilinganiso esikhulisiwe esingu-2:1. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isilinganiso esisetshenzisiwe, ubukhulu bangempela bengxenye yomshini kufanele buboniswe emdwebeni.
Zonke izinhlamvu zesiShayina, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu emdwebeni kufanele zibhalwe ngobunono ngemivimbo ecacile, isikhala esifanayo, nokuhleleka kahle. Izinhlamvu zesiShayina kufanele zibhalwe ngefonti ende ye-Fangsong.
Izakhi ezintathu zobukhulu umkhawulo wobukhulu, umugqa wobukhulu, nenombolo yobukhulu.
Izimpawu emazingeni: U-R umele indawo engaba yindilinga, u-ф umele ububanzi besiyingi, futhi i-Sф imele ububanzi bendilinga.
Ubukhulu bangempela bezingxenye kufanele busetshenziswe emdwebeni. Uma ubukhulu bungamamilimitha, asikho isidingo sokumaka ikhodi noma igama.
Uma kusetshenziswa izilinganiso ezivundlile, inombolo yobukhulu kufanele ibekwe phezulu; ngezilinganiso eziqondile, inombolo kufanele ibekwe kwesokunxele. Izinombolo ze-angular dimension kufanele zibhalwe zivundlile. Uma noma yimuphi umugqa womdwebo uphambana nenombolo yobukhulu, kufanele unqanyulwe.
Umthambeka, okuyizinga lokuthambeka komugqa otshekile ukuya emugqeni ovundlile, umelelwa uphawu ∠. Lapho umaka, isiqondiso sokuthambekela kophawu kufanele sihambisane nesiqondiso sokuthambekela komthambeko. Isiqondiso se-taper esimakwe kufanele futhi sihambisane.
Uphawu oluthi “∠1:10″ lubonisa ukuthambeka kuka-1:10, kuyilapho u-“1:5″ ubonisa itheyiphu ka-1:5.
Amasegimenti omugqa kumfanekiso wendiza angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezintathu: izingxenye zomugqa owaziwayo, izingxenye zomugqa omaphakathi, namasegimenti omugqa oxhumayo. Dweba amasegimenti omugqa awaziwayo kuqala, alandelwe amasegimenti omugqa omaphakathi, futhi ekugcineni, amasegimenti omugqa oxhumayo.
Ingxenye yomugqa enomumo owaziwayo nobukhulu bokuma ibizwa ngokuthi ingxenye yomugqa owaziwayo. Isegimenti yomugqa omaphakathi inobukhulu bomumo kodwa izilinganiso zokuma ezingaphelele, futhi ingxenye yomugqa oxhumayo inobukhulu bomumo kuphela kodwa ayinazo izilinganiso zokuma.
Indiza yokuqagela equkethe umbono oyinhloko ibizwa ngokuthi indiza ye-orthographic projection (emelwe uhlamvu V). Indiza equkethe umbono ophezulu ibizwa ngokuthi indiza evundlile (emelwe uhlamvu H), futhi indiza equkethe umbono wesokunxele ibizwa ngokuthi indiza ye-side projection (emelwe uhlamvu W).
Umthetho wokubuka okuthathu uthi ukubuka okuyinhloko kanye nokubuka okuphezulu kunobude obulinganayo, ukubuka okuyinhloko kanye nokubuka kwesokunxele kunobude obulinganayo, futhi ukubuka okuphezulu nokungakwesokunxele kunobubanzi obulinganayo.
Izingxenye zinezinhlangothi ezintathu: ubude, ububanzi, nobude. Ukubuka okuyinhloko kungabonisa ubude nokuphakama kwengxenye, ukubuka okuphezulu kungabonisa ubude nobubanzi kuphela, futhi ukubuka kwesokunxele kungabonisa ubude nobubanzi kuphela.
Izingxenye zinezikhombisi-ndlela eziyisithupha: phezulu, phansi, kwesokunxele, kwesokudla, ngaphambili nangemuva. Ukubuka okuyinhloko kungabonisa kuphela izikhombisi-ndlela ezingaphezulu, phansi, kwesokunxele, nekwesokudla zengxenye; ukubuka okuphezulu kungabonisa kuphela izikhombisi-ndlela ezingaphambili, emuva, kwesokunxele, nekwesokudla, futhi ukubuka kwesokunxele kungabonisa kuphela izikhombisi-ndlela eziphezulu, ezansi, zangaphambili, nezangemuva.
Ukubuka okuyisisekelo ukubuka okuyinhloko, ukubuka okuphezulu, nokubuka kwesokunxele. Ukwengeza, kukhona ukubuka okuthathu okwengeziwe: ukubuka okuphansi, ukubuka okulungile, nokubuka emuva.
Ukubuka kwesigaba kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu ngokusekelwe ebangeni lokusika: ukubuka kwesigaba esigcwele, ukubuka kwesigaba esiyingxenye, kanye nokubuka kwesigaba esiyingxenye.
Izindlela zokuhlukanisa zokubuka kwesigaba zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezinhlanu: ingxenye egcwele, ingxenye eyingxenye, ingxenye eyingxenye, isigaba sesinyathelo, nesigaba esihlanganisiwe.
Isichasiselo sokubuka kwesigaba sihlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu: ① Uphawu (umugqa wesigaba) obonisa indawo yendiza yesigaba, kanye nezinhlamvu ezimakwe kuzo zombili iziphetho ② Umcibisholo obonisa isiqondiso sokuqagela ③ Amagama “×——×” abhalwe ngenhla umbono wesigaba.
Ukubuka kwesigaba esinazo zonke izichasiselo ezishiyiwe kubonisa ukuthi ingxenye yendiza yayo idwetshwa ngemva kokusika indiza yokulinganisa yengxenye yomshini.
Ukubuka kwesigaba kusetshenziselwa ukukhombisa umumo wangaphakathi wengxenye. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezigaba: izingxenye eziqinile kanye nezingxenye ezingenalutho.
Umehluko phakathi kwesigaba esikhishiwe kanye nesigaba esiziqondanele ukuthi ingxenye ekhishiwe idwetshwa ngaphandle kohlaka lokubuka, futhi ingxenye ehambisanayo idwetshwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lokubuka.
Imifanekiso emdwebeni imelela kuphela umumo wesakhiwo sengxenye. Usayizi wangempela wengxenye kufanele usekelwe kubukhulu obumakwe emdwebeni.
Inombolo ye-dimension ibizwa ngokuthi isisekelo sobukhulu. Ezindaweni ezintathu zobude, ububanzi, nokuphakama kwe-Izingxenye zemishini ye-CNC, kukhona okungenani isisekelo esisodwa sobukhulu ohlangothini ngalunye.
Izakhi ezinhlanu zentambo iphrofayili yentambo, ububanzi, ukuphakama, ukuhola, inombolo yezintambo, kanye nesiqondiso sokuzungezisa.
Ukuze imicu yangaphakathi neyangaphandle ihlanganiswe ndawonye, iphrofayela yayo, ububanzi, ukuphakama, inombolo yezintambo, kanye nendlela yokuzungezisa kufanele kuhambisane.
Imicu ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke zephrofayela, ububanzi, nephimbo ibizwa ngokuthi imicu evamile. Imicu engahlangabezani nezindinganiso zikazwelonke zephrofayili ibizwa ngokuthi imicu engajwayelekile, futhi imicu ehlangabezana nezinga lephrofayili kodwa hhayi izindinganiso zobubanzi nephimbo ibizwa ngokuthi imicu ekhethekile.
Indlela yokudweba enqunyiwe yemicu yangaphandle imi kanje: ububanzi obukhulu bumelwe ngu-＿d＿, ububanzi obuncane bumelwe ngu-＿d1＿, futhi umugqa wokunqamula umelelwe umugqa oqinile oqinile.
Ekubukeni kwesigaba esiphambanayo, ububanzi obukhulu bentambo yangaphakathi bumelwe ngu-＿D＿, ububanzi obuncane bumelwe ngu-＿D1＿, futhi umugqa wokunqamula umelelwe umugqa oqinile oqinile. Ngezimbobo ezinentambo ezingabonakali, ububanzi obukhulu, ububanzi obuncane, nomugqa wokunqamula konke kuvezwe imigqa eqinile ewugqinsi.
Amafomu okuxhumana anemicu evamile ahlanganisa ukuxhumeka kwebhawodi, ukuxhumeka kwe-stud, nokuxhumeka kwesikulufa.
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zokhiye zifaka okhiye abayisicaba abajwayelekile, okhiye abayi-semicircular, okhiye be-hook wedge, nama-splines.
Amagiya angama-cylindrical angahlukaniswa abe ngamazinyo aqondile, amazinyo e-helical, namazinyo e-herringbone ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni kwegiya.
Indlela yokudweba enqunyiwe yengxenye yezinyo legiya imi kanje:
– Isiyingi esiphezulu kufanele sidwetshwe ngomugqa owugqinsi, oqinile.
– Isiyingi sephimbo kufanele sidwetshwe ngomugqa omncane wamachashazi.
– Umbuthano wempande kufanele udwetshwe ngomugqa omncane oqinile, ongabuye ushiywe.
- Ekubukeni kwesigaba, indilinga yempande kufanele idwetshwe ngomugqa oqinile oqinile.
Lapho zonke izindawo aizingxenye zensimbi ezenziwe ngomshinizinezidingo ezifanayo zokuqina kwendawo, zingamakwa ngokulinganayo ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla somdwebo. Uma ingxenye enkulu yobulukhuni bengxenye ifana, ikhodi yokugwedla efanayo ingamakwa ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla, futhi amagama amabili asele angengezwa ngaphambili.
Umdwebo womhlangano ophelele kufanele ube nalokhu okune okulandelayoIzingxenye zezimoto ze-CNC:
1. Iqoqo lemibono
2. Ubukhulu obudingekayo
3. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe
4. Inombolo yengxenye kanye nekholomu yemininingwane
Izinhlobo zobukhulu emdwebeni womhlangano yilezi:
1. Ukucaciswa kobukhulu
2. Ubukhulu bomhlangano
3. Ubukhulu bokufaka
4. Ubukhulu bangaphandle
5. Ezinye izilinganiso ezibalulekile.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumanainfo@anebon.com
I-Anebon ingumkhiqizi onolwazi. Ukuzuza iningi lezitifiketi ezibalulekile zemakethe yayo Yemikhiqizo Emisha EshisayoAluminium CNC amasevisi, Ilebhu ye-Anebon manje “isiyiLebhu Kazwelonke yobuchwepheshe benjini ye-diesel turbo” , futhi singabanikazi be-R&D abaqeqeshiwe kanye nesikhungo sokuhlola esiphelele.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-10-2024