Isifinyezo sezindlela eziyisishiyagalombili zokucubungula intambo, kufanele wazi lapho wenza imishini
Igama lesiNgisi elihambisana nesikulufi lithi Isikulufa. Incazelo yaleli gama ishintshe kakhulu emakhulwini eminyaka amuva nje. Okungenani ngo-1725, kusho "ukukhwelana".
Ukusetshenziswa komgomo wentambo kungalandelelwa emuva ethuluzini lokuphakamisa amanzi elijikelezayo elakhiwa isazi esingumGreki u-Archimedes ngo-220 BC.
Ngekhulu lesi-4 AD, amazwe aseMedithera aqala ukusebenzisa isimiso samabhawudi namantongomane emishinini yokunyathelisa esetshenziswa ekwenzeni iwayini. Ngaleso sikhathi, intambo yangaphandle yayilinyazwa ngentambo ibe isiyingi, bese iqoshwa ngokwalolu phawu, kuyilapho intambo yangaphakathi yayivame ukwakhiwa ngokushaya intambo yangaphandle ngento ethambile.
Cishe ngo-1500, emdwebeni wedivaysi yokucubungula intambo edwetshwe uLeonardo da Vinci ongumNtaliyane, kwakunombono wokusebenzisa isikulufu sowesifazane kanye negiya lokushintshana ukuze kucutshungulwe imicu enamabala ahlukene. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, indlela yokusika intambo iye yathuthukiswa embonini yokwenza amawashi yaseYurophu.
Ngo-1760, izelamani zaseBrithani u-J. Wyatt noW. Wyatt bathola ilungelo lobunikazi lokusika izikulufu zokhuni ngomshini okhethekile. Ngo-1778, u-J. Ramsden waseBrithani wake wenza ithuluzi lokusika intambo eliqhutshwa yipheya legiya lezikelemu, elikwazi ukucubungula imicu emide ngokunemba okuphezulu. Ngo-1797, indoda eyiNgisi u-H. Maudsley yasebenzisa isikulufu sowesifazane kanye negiya lokushintshanisa ukuze iguqule imicu yensimbi yezingqimba ezihlukene ku-lathe yakhe ethuthukisiwe, eyabeka indlela eyisisekelo yokuphendula izintambo.
Ngawo-1820, uMaudsley wakhiqiza ompompi bokuqala futhi wafa ngenxa yokulutha.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto kwaqhubekisela phambili ukukhuthaza ukumisa izintambo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezinembile nezisebenzayo zokucubungula intambo. Amakhanda okuvula okuzenzakalelayo okuvula okuzenzakalelayo kanye nompompi abawa ngokuzenzekelayo abanciphayo kwasungulwa ngokulandelana, futhi ukugaya intambo kwaqala ukusetshenziswa.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1930, kwavela ukugaya intambo.
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bokugoqa intambo babunelungelo lobunikazi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, ngenxa yobunzima bokukhiqiza isikhunta, ukuthuthukiswa kwahamba kancane kwaze kwaba yiMpi Yezwe Yesibili (1942-1945), ngenxa yezidingo zokukhiqizwa kwezikhali kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokugaya intambo. ubuchwepheshe. Inkinga yokunemba yokukhiqiza isikhunta ithuthuke ngokushesha.cnc turning ingxenye
Imicu ihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ibe imicu yokuxhuma kanye nemicu yokudlulisela
Ukuxhuma izintambo, izindlela eziyinhloko zokucubungula yilezi: ukuthepha, ukuthunga, ukuthunga, ukugoqa intambo, ukugoqa intambo, njll.
Okwezintambo zokudlulisa, izindlela eziyinhloko zokucubungula yilezi: ukuphenduka okumaholo nokucolisa ---ukugaya, ukugaya i-whirl---ukuphenduka okumahhadla nokuhle, njll.
Isigaba sokuqala: ukusika intambo
Ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa endleleni yokwenza izintambo ezinsikeni zokusebenza ngamathuluzi okwenza noma amathuluzi abrasive, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa ukuphenduka, ukugaya, ukuthepha kanye nokugaya intambo, ukugawula nokusika okuvunguzayo. Lapho uguqula, ukugaya nokugaya izintambo, iketango lokushayela lethuluzi lomshini liqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi eliphendukayo, i-milling cutter noma isondo lokugaya lihamba ncamashi futhi ngokulinganayo umthofu owodwa eduze kwe-eksisi yesiqeshana sokusebenza sokuphenduka ngakunye kwendawo yokusebenza. Lapho uthepha noma uhlanganisa, ithuluzi (thepha noma ufe) kanye nocezu lokusebenza kuyazungezisa ngokuhlobene, futhi ithuluzi (noma ucezu lokusebenza) liqondiswa i-groove yentambo eyakhiwe ngaphambilini ukuze ihambe nge-axially.
1. Ukuphenduka kwentambo
Ukuvula intambo ku-lathe kungenziwa ngethuluzi lokuphehla noma ikamu lentambo. Ukuguqula izintambo ngethuluzi lokuguqula ukwakha kuyindlela evamile yokukhiqizwa kwesiqephu esisodwa kanye neqoqo elincane lezinto zokusebenza ezinezintambo ngenxa yesakhiwo esilula samathuluzi; ukuguqula izintambo ngethuluzi lokuhlanganisa intambo kunokukhiqiza okuphezulu, kodwa isakhiwo samathuluzi siyinkimbinkimbi, sifanele kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwe-batch ephakathi nendawo enkulu. Ukuguqula ama-workpieces ochungechunge olufushane ngephimbo elihle. Ukunemba kwe-pitch kwama-lathes ajwayelekile okuguqula imicu ye-trapezoidal ngokuvamile ingafinyelela kumabanga angu-8 kuye kwayi-9 (JB2886-81, okufanayo ngezansi); ukwenza imicu kuma-lathes entambo akhethekile kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza noma ukunemba.
2. Ukugaya intambo
Ukugaya ngediski noma ikamu lokusika emshinini wokugaya.
Abasiki be-disc milling basetshenziswa kakhulu ekugayeni imicu ye-trapezoidal yangaphandle ezintweni zokusebenza ezifana nesikulufu nesibungu. Umsiki wokugaya omise okwekama usetshenziselwa ukugaya imicu evamile yangaphakathi nangaphandle kanye nemicu ecijile. Njengoba igaywe nge-multi-blade milling cutter futhi ubude bengxenye yayo yokusebenza bukhulu kunobude bentambo okufanele icutshungulwe, i-workpiece idinga kuphela ukujikeleziswa okungu-1.25 kuya ku-1.5 ukuze icutshungulwe. Kwenziwe ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ukunemba kwephimbo lokugaywa kwentambo ngokuvamile kungafinyelela kumabanga ayi-8 kuya kwayi-9, futhi ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bungama-microns angama-R5 kuya ku-0.63. Le ndlela ilungele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bezingcezu zokusebenzela ezinezinemba ezijwayelekile noma ukugoqa ngaphambi kokugaya.
I-thread milling cutter yokwenza imicu yangaphakathi
3. Ukugaya intambo
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukucubungula izintambo ezinembayo zezinto zokusebenza eziqinile emishinini yokugaya intambo. Ngokwesimo sesigaba esiphambanayo sesondo lokugaya, singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: isondo lokugaya elinomugqa owodwa kanye nesondo lokugaya elinemigqa eminingi. Ukunemba kwephimbo okungafinyelelwa ngokugaya kwesondo lomugqa owodwa kungamabanga ama-5 kuye kwasi-6, futhi ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bungama-microns angu-R1.25 kuya ku-0.08, okulungele kangcono ukugqoka isondo lokugaya. Le ndlela ilungele ukugaya izikulufu ezinembayo, izikali zentambo, izikelemu, amaqoqo amancane ezinto zokusebenza ezinentambo kanye nezinsimbi zokunemba zokugaya. I-Multi-line grinding wheel grinding ihlukaniswe yaba indlela yokugaya i-longitudinal kanye nendlela yokugaya. Endleleni yokugaya i-longitudinal, ububanzi besondo lokugaya buncane kunobude bentambo okufanele igaywe, futhi isondo lokugaya lihamba ngobude kanye noma izikhathi eziningana ukuze ligaye intambo ifinyelele ubukhulu bokugcina. Ububanzi besondo lokugaya lendlela yokugaya bukhulu kunobude bentambo okufanele igaywe. Isondo lokugaya lisikwa ngokukhazimulayo ebusweni bomsebenzi, futhi ucezu lokusebenzela lungagaywa kahle ngemuva kokuphenduka okungaba ngu-1.25. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu, kodwa ukunemba kuphansi kancane, futhi ukugqoka kwamasondo okugaya kuyinkimbinkimbi. I-Plunge grinding ilungele ukugaywa kweziqephu ezinkulu zompompi kanye nokugaya imicu ethile ukuze kuqiniswe.izingxenye ze-aluminium extrusion
4. Ukugaya intambo
Igrinder yentambo yohlobo lwamantongomane noma isikulufu senziwe ngezinto ezithambile ezifana nensimbi ecijile, futhi izingxenye lapho intambo inephutha lephimbo kucezu lokusebenza zingaphansi kokugaya okuzungezisayo okuya phambili nokuhlehliswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kwephimbo. Imicu yangaphakathi eqinile ivamise ukuba phansi ukuze kuqedwe ukuwohloka nokuthuthukisa ukunemba.
5. Ukuthepha nokucupha
Ukuthepha
Kuwukufifiyela umpompi embobeni engaphansi ebhojwe ngaphambili endaweni yokusebenza ngetorque ethile ukuze kucutshungulwe intambo yangaphakathi.
Uchungechunge
Kuwukusika intambo yangaphandle kubha (noma ipayipi) ucezu lokusebenzela ngokufa. Ukunemba komshini wokuthepha noma ukuthunga kuncike ekunembeni kompompi noma ukufa.izingxenye ze-aluminium
Nakuba ziningi izindlela zokucubungula imicu yangaphakathi neyangaphandle, imicu yangaphakathi enobubanzi obuncane ingacutshungulwa kuphela ngompompi. Ukuthepha nokuhlanganisa kungenziwa ngesandla, nangezintambo, imishini yokubhoboza, imishini yokudonsa kanye nemishini yokulutha.
Isigaba sesibili: ukugoqa uchungechunge
Indlela yokucubungula yokuguqula i-workpiece nge-plastically rolling die ukuze uthole intambo. Ukugingqa intambo ngokuvamile kwenziwa emshinini wokugoqa intambo noma i-lathe e-othomathikhi enekhanda eligoqekayo lokuvula nokuvala intambo. Imicu yangaphandle yokukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwezibophelelo ezijwayelekile nokunye ukuhlanganisa okunentambo. Ububanzi bangaphandle bentambo egoqiwe ngokuvamile abukho ngaphezu kuka-25 mm, ubude abukho ngaphezu kwe-100 mm, ukunemba kwentambo kungafinyelela ezingeni 2 (GB197-63), futhi ububanzi bendawo engenalutho esetshenzisiwe cishe bulingana nephimbo. ububanzi bentambo ecutshunguliwe. Ukuginqika ngokuvamile akukwazi ukucubungula izintambo zangaphakathi, kodwa kuma-workpieces anezinto ezithambile, umpompi we-extrusion ongena-grooveless ungasetshenziswa ukukhipha izintambo zangaphakathi ezibandayo (ubukhulu obukhulu bungafinyelela cishe ku-30 mm). Umgomo wokusebenza uyafana nowokucofa. I-torque edingekayo ekukhipheni okubandayo kwemicu yangaphakathi icishe ibe yinkulu ngokuphindwe ka-1 kunaleyo yokuthepha, futhi ukunemba komshini kanye nekhwalithi yendawo ephezulu iphakeme kancane kunaleyo yokuthepha.
Ubuhle bokugoqeka kwentambo: ①Ubulukhuni bendawo buncane kunobo bokuphenduka, ukugaya nokugaya; ②Ingaphezulu lentambo ngemva kokugingqika lingathuthukisa amandla nobulukhuni ngenxa yokuqina komsebenzi obandayo; ③Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwempahla liphezulu; ④Ukukhiqiza kuphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa nokusika , futhi kulula ukubona i-automation; ⑤ Impilo ye-rolling die yinde kakhulu. Nokho, intambo eginqikayo idinga ukuthi ubulukhuni bempahla yokusebenza bungeqi ku-HRC40; ukunemba kobukhulu bokungenalutho kuphezulu; ukunemba nobulukhuni befa eligoqayo nakho kuphezulu, futhi kunzima ukwenza idayizi; ayifanelekile ukugoqa izintambo ezine-asymmetric tooth shape.
Ngokusho kwe-rolling dies ehlukene, ukugoqa intambo kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukugoqa intambo nokugingqa intambo.
6. Ukugingqa intambo
Amapuleti amabili agoqayo anomumo wezinyo elinentambo ahlelwa ngokuphambana nge-pitch engu-1/2, ipuleti elimile lilungisiwe, futhi ipuleti elinyakazayo lihamba ngokunyakaza okuhambisanayo okuhambisanayo okuhambisana nepuleti elimile. Lapho i-workpiece ithunyelwa phakathi kwamapuleti amabili, ipuleti elinyakazayo liya phambili futhi lihlikihla isiqeshana sokusebenza ukuze siwohloke ngokwepulasitiki indawo engaphezulu ukuze yakhe intambo (Umfanekiso 6 [Isikulufa]).
7. Ukugingqa intambo
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokugingqa intambo ye-radial, intambo e-tangential kanye nekhanda eligoqayo.
① Ukugoqa intambo ekhanyayo: 2 (noma 3) amasondo agoqa intambo anephrofayili yochungechunge afakwe kumashafu ahambisanayo, i-workpiece ibekwe phezu kokusekelwa phakathi kwamasondo amabili, futhi amasondo amabili azungeza ohlangothini olufanayo nangesivinini esifanayo (Umfanekiso 7). [Ukugoqeka kochungechunge lweradial]), enye yeziyingi futhi yenza ukunyakaza kokuphakelayo kweradial. I-workpiece izungeziswa yisondo eligoqa intambo, futhi indawo engaphezulu ikhishwa nge-radially ukuze yakhe imicu. Kwezinye izikulufu zokuhola ezingadingi ukunemba okuphezulu, indlela efanayo ingasetshenziswa futhi ekwenzeni umqulu.
②Ukugoqa kwentambo ye-Tangential: Okwaziwa nangokuthi intambo yeplanethi, ithuluzi eligoqayo liqukethe isondo elijikelezayo elimaphakathi elizungezayo kanye namapuleti entambo amathathu amile amise okwe-arc (Umdwebo 8 [I-Tangential thread rolling]). Ngesikhathi sokugoqa intambo, i-workpiece ingaphakelwa ngokuqhubekayo, ngakho-ke ukukhiqiza kungaphezulu kwalokho kokugoqeka kwentambo nokugingqika kwentambo ye-radial.
③ Ikhanda eligoqayo: Lenziwa nge-lathe ezenzakalelayo futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukucubungula imicu emifushane kucezu lokusebenza. Kunamasondo aginqayo angu-3 kuya ku-4 asakazwa ngokulinganayo endaweni engaphandle yendawo yokusebenza ekhanda eligoqayo (Umdwebo 9 [Uchungechunge olugingqayo lwekhanda]). Ngesikhathi sokugoqa intambo, i-workpiece iyazungeza futhi ikhanda eligoqayo liphakela i-axially ukugoqa ucezu lokusebenza ngaphandle kwentambo.
8. EDM ukuthunga
Ukucutshungulwa kwemicu evamile ngokuvamile kusebenzisa izikhungo zokwenza imishini noma izisetshenziswa zokuthepha namathuluzi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuthepha ngesandla nakho kuyenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, le ndlela engenhla akulula ukuthola imiphumela emihle yokucubungula, njengesidingo somshini wezintambo ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa kwezingxenye ngenxa yokunganaki, noma ngenxa yezinkinga zezinto ezibonakalayo, njengesidingo sokuthinta ngokuqondile i-carbide. ama-workpieces. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukucabangela indlela yokucubungula ye-EDM.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yomshini, inqubo ye-EDM ilandelana okufanayo, futhi imbobo ephansi idinga ukubhobozwa kuqala, futhi ububanzi bomgodi ongezansi kufanele bunqunywe ngokuvumelana nezimo zokusebenza. I-electrode idinga ukwenziwa ngomshini ibe umumo wentambo, futhi i-electrode idinga ukukwazi ukujikeleza phakathi nenqubo yomshini.
I-Anebon Metal Products Limited inganikeza i-CNC Machining, i-Die Casting, isevisi yokwenziwa kwe-Sheet Metal, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-15-2022