Yiziphi izinzuzo ezisobala zezingxenye ze-CNC zisebenzisa insimbi engagqwali njengempahla eluhlaza uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi ne-aluminium alloys?
Insimbi engagqwali iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele. Imelana kakhulu nokugqwala, okuyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo njengezimboni zasolwandle, i-aerospace, kanye nezimboni zamakhemikhali. Ngokungafani nama-alloys ensimbi ne-aluminium, insimbi engagqwali ayigqwali noma igqwale kalula, okwandisa isikhathi eside nokwethembeka kwezingxenye.
Insimbi engagqwali futhi iqine ngendlela emangalisayo futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, iqhathaniswa nama-alloys ensimbi futhi yedlula amandla ama-alloys e-aluminium. Lokhu kuyenza ibe inketho enhle ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqina nobuqotho besakhiwo, njengezimoto, i-aerospace, kanye nokwakha.
Enye inzuzo yensimbi engagqwali ukuthi igcina izakhiwo zayo zemishini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu naphansi. Lesi sici siyenza ifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kuhlangatshezwana khona nokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa elidlulele. Ngokuphambene, ama-alloys e-aluminium angase abe namandla ancishisiwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi insimbi ingase ithonywe ukugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.
Insimbi engagqwali nayo ihlanzekile ngokwemvelo futhi kulula ukuyihlanza. Lokhu kukwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwezicelo ezimbonini zezokwelapha, ezemithi, nezokucubungula ukudla lapho ukuhlanzeka kubalulekile. Ngokungafani nensimbi, insimbi engagqwali ayidingi ukumbozwa okwengeziwe noma ukwelashwa ukuze kugcinwe izindawo zayo ezihlanzekile.
Nakuba insimbi engagqwali inezinzuzo eziningi, ubunzima bayo bokucubungula abukwazi ukushaywa indiva.
Ubunzima bokucubungula izinto zensimbi engagqwali ikakhulukazi buhlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:
1. Amandla okusika aphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kokusika
Le nto inamandla aphezulu kanye nokucindezeleka okuphawulekayo kwe-tangential, futhi idlula ukuguqulwa okuphawulekayo kwepulasitiki ngesikhathi sokusika, okuholela kumandla amakhulu okusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-material ine-conductivity ephansi ye-thermal, okwenza izinga lokushisa lokusika likhuphuke. Ukushisa okuphezulu kuvame ukugxila endaweni encane eduze komkhawulo wokusika wethuluzi, okuholela ekugugeni okusheshisa kwethuluzi.
2. Ukusebenza kanzima kanzima
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezingenasici ezisezingeni eliphezulu zengxubevange zinesakhiwo se-austenitic. Lezi zinto zinomkhuba ophezulu wokusebenza kanzima ngesikhathi sokusika, ngokuvamile izikhathi eziningana kune-carbon steel evamile. Ngenxa yalokho, ithuluzi lokusika lisebenza endaweni enzima yokusebenza, enciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwethuluzi.
3. Kulula ukunamathela kumbese
Kokubili insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic kanye nensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic yabelana ngezici zokukhiqiza amashiphu aqinile futhi ikhiqize amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu ngenkathi icutshungulwa. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukunamathela, ukushisela, nezinye izinto ezinamathelayo ezingase ziphazamise ukuhwashala komhlaba.izingxenye ezenziwe ngomshini.
4. Ukugqoka kwamathuluzi okusheshisiwe
Izinto ezishiwo ngenhla ziqukethe izinto ezincibilika kakhulu, zithambile kakhulu, futhi zikhiqiza amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Lezi zici ziholela ekugugeni kwamathuluzi ngokushesha, okudinga ukucijwa kwamathuluzi njalo nokushintshwa. Lokhu kuba nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza futhi kwenyusa izindleko zokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi. Ukuze ulwe nalokhu, kunconywa ukunciphisa isivinini somugqa wokusika kanye nokudla. Ukwengeza, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa amathuluzi aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukucubungula insimbi engagqwali noma ama-alloys asezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, nokusebenzisa ukupholisa kwangaphakathi lapho ubhoboza futhi uthepha.
Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali
Ngokuhlaziywa okungenhla kobunzima bokucubungula, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula kanye nomklamo wepharamitha wamathuluzi ahlobene wensimbi engagqwali kufanele kuhluke kakhulu ezintweni ezijwayelekile zensimbi yesakhiwo. Ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokucubungula bumi kanje:
1. Ukucubungula ukumba
Lapho umba izinto zensimbi engagqwali, ukucutshungulwa kwembobo kungaba nzima ngenxa yokungabibikho kwe-thermal conductivity kanye ne-elastic modulus encane. Ukuze unqobe le nselele, kufanele kukhethwe izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifanele, kunqunywe imingcele yejometri efanelekile yethuluzi, futhi inani lokusika lethuluzi kufanele libekwe. Ama-drill bits enziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-W6Mo5Cr4V2Al kanye ne-W2Mo9Cr4Co8 ayanconywa ngokubhoboza lezi zinhlobo zezinto.
Ama-drill bits enziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu anobubi obuthile. Ayabiza futhi kunzima ukuwathenga. Uma usebenzisa i-W18Cr4V evamile esetshenziswa kakhulu insimbi yensimbi enesivinini esikhulu, kukhona ukushiyeka okuthile. Isibonelo, i-engeli ye-vertex incane kakhulu, ama-chips akhiqizwayo abanzi kakhulu ukuthi angakhishwa emgodini ngesikhathi, futhi uketshezi lokusika alukwazi ukupholisa ibhithi lokubhoboza ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi engagqwali, ekubeni umqhubi oshisayo ompofu, ibangela ukugxila kwezinga lokushisa lokusika onqenqemeni lokusika. Lokhu kungaholela kalula ekushiseni nasekuqhekekeni kwezindawo ezimbili zezinhlangothi kanye nonqenqema oluyinhloko, kwehlise impilo yesevisi yebhithi lokubhoboza.
1) Ithuluzi lokuklama ipharamitha yejiyomethri Uma ubhoboza nge-W18Cr4V Uma usebenzisa insimbi evamile yokubhoboza insimbi enesivinini esiphezulu, amandla okusika kanye nezinga lokushisa kugxile kakhulu endaweni yokubhoboza. Ukuze sithuthukise ukuqina kwengxenye yokusika ye-drill bit, singakwazi ukwandisa i-engeli ye-vertex ibe cishe ku-135°~140°. Lokhu kuzophinde kunciphise i-engeli ye-rake yonqenqema futhi kunciphise ama-chips okubhola ukuze kube lula ukuwakhipha. Kodwa-ke, ukukhulisa i-engeli ye-vertex kuzokwenza ukuthi unqenqema lweshizolo lwe-drill lube banzi, okuholela ekuqineni kokusika okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sigaye unqenqema lweshizolo lwe-drill bit. Ngemva kokugaya, i-engeli ye-bevel yonqenqema lweshizolo kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-47° kuya ku-55°, futhi i-engeli ye-rake kufanele ibe ngu-3°~5°. Ngenkathi sigaya unqenqema lweshizolo, kufanele sizungeze ekhoneni phakathi konqenqema lokusika kanye nendawo eyisilinda ukuze sandise amandla onqenqema lweshizolo.
Izinto zensimbi engagqwali zinemodulus encane enwebekayo, okusho ukuthi insimbi engaphansi kongqimba lwe-chip inokubuyiselwa okunwebeka okukhulu futhi isebenza lukhuni ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Uma i-angle yokuvula incane kakhulu, ukuguga kwe-drill bit flank surface kuzosheshiswa, izinga lokushisa lokusika lizokwenyuka, futhi impilo ye-drill bit izoncishiswa. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwandisa i-angle yokusiza ngendlela efanele. Kodwa-ke, uma i-engeli yokusiza inkulu kakhulu, umkhawulo oyinhloko we-drill bit uzoba mncane, futhi ukuqina konqenqema oluyinhloko kuzoncishiswa. I-engeli yokukhulula engu-12° ukuya ku-15° ngokuvamile iyakhethwa. Ukuze unciphise ama-drill chips futhi kube lula ukukhishwa kwe-chip, kuyadingeka futhi ukuvula ama-chip grooves ezindaweni ezimbili ezisemaceleni ze-drill bit.
2) Lapho ukhetha inani lokusika lokumba, ukukhethwa kwe- Uma kuziwa ekusikeni, indawo yokuqala kufanele kube ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokusika. Ukusika ngesivinini esiphezulu kubangela ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lokusika, okubuye kubhebhethekise ukuguga kwamathuluzi. Ngakho-ke, isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokusika ukukhetha isivinini sokusika esifanele. Ngokuvamile, isivinini sokusika esinconywayo siphakathi kuka-12-15m/min. Izinga lokuphakelayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, linethonya elincane empilweni yamathuluzi. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokuphakela liphansi kakhulu, ithuluzi lizosika ungqimba oluqinile, okuzokwenza kube kubi kakhulu ukuguga. Uma izinga lokuphakelayo liphezulu kakhulu, ukuhwaqazeka kwengaphezulu nakho kuzoba kubi kakhulu. Ngokucabangela izici ezimbili ezingenhla, izinga lokuphakelayo elinconyiwe liphakathi kuka-0.32 no-0.50mm/r.
3) Ukusika ukukhethwa koketshezi: Ukuze unciphise izinga lokushisa lokusika ngesikhathi sokumba, i-emulsion ingasetshenziswa njengendawo yokupholisa.
2. Ukucubungula kabusha
I-1) Lapho uvuselela izinto zensimbi engagqwali, ama-carbide reaamers avame ukusetshenziswa. Isakhiwo se-remer kanye nemingcele yejiyomethri ihlukile kuleyo ye-reamer evamile. Ukuze uvimbele ukuvaleka kwama-chip ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa kabusha nokuthuthukisa amandla amazinyo okusika, inani lamazinyo aphindayo ngokuvamile ligcinwa liphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. I-engeli ye-rake ye-reamer ivamise ukuba phakathi kuka-8° kuya ku-12°, nakuba kwezinye izimo, i-engeli ye-rake engu-0° ukuya ku-5° ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuzuzwe ukubuyiselwa kabusha kwesivinini esikhulu. I-engeli yokususa ngokuvamile iba phakathi kuka-8° kuya ku-12°.
I-engeli eyinhloko yokwehliswa ikhethwa kuye ngokuthi umgodi. Ngokuvamile, ngembobo edlulayo, i-engeli ingu-15° ukuya ku-30°, kuyilapho imbobo engadluli, ingu-45°. Ukuze ukhiphe ama-chips phambili lapho uvuselelwa kabusha, i-engeli yokuthambekela konqenqemeni inganyuswa cishe ngo-10° ukuya ku-20°. Ububanzi be-blade kufanele bube phakathi kuka-0.1 kuya ku-0.15mm. I-taper ehlanekezelwe ku-reamer kufanele ibe nkulu kunaleyo yama-reamer ajwayelekile. Ama-reamers e-carbide ngokuvamile angu-0.25 kuya ku-0.5mm/100mm, kuyilapho ama-reamers ensimbi anesivinini esiphezulu angu-0.1 kuya ku-0.25mm/100mm ngokwe-taper yawo.
Ingxenye yokulungisa ye-remer ngokuvamile iwu-65% ukuya ku-80% wobude bezivuseleli ezijwayelekile. Ubude bengxenye yesilinda ngokuvamile buba ngu-40% ukuya ku-50% walabo abaphindayo abavamile.
I-2) Uma uvuselela kabusha, kubalulekile ukukhetha inani elifanele lokuphakelayo, okufanele libe phakathi kuka-0.08 kuya ku-0.4mm/r, kanye nesivinini sokusika, okufanele sibe phakathi kuka-10 kuya ku-20m/min. Imvume yokubuyisela kabusha ngendlela engafanele kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-0.2 kuya ku-0.3mm, kuyilapho isibonelelo sokubuyisela kabusha kufanele sibe phakathi kuka-0.1 kuya ku-0.2mm. Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise amathuluzi e-carbide ukuze ubuyisele kabusha ama-rough, kanye namathuluzi ensimbi anesivinini esikhulu ukuze kubuyiselwe kahle.
3) Lapho ukhetha uketshezi lokusika lokubuyisela izinto zensimbi engagqwali, uwoyela wesistimu yokulahlekelwa okuphelele noma i-molybdenum disulfide ingasetshenziswa njengendawo yokupholisa.
3. Ukucubungula okuyisicefe
I-1) Lapho ukhetha izinto zamathuluzi zokucubungula izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali, kubalulekile ukucabangela amandla aphezulu okusika kanye nezinga lokushisa. Ama-Carbides anamandla aphezulu kanye ne-thermal conductivity enhle, njenge-YW noma i-YG carbide, ayanconywa. Ukuze uqedele, ukufaka i-YT14 kanye ne-YT15 carbide nakho kungasetshenziswa. Amathuluzi we-Ceramic angasetshenziswa ukucubungula inqwaba. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zinto zibonakala ngokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okunzima komsebenzi, okuzobangela ithuluzi ukuthi lidlidlize futhi kungase kubangele ukudlidliza okuncane ku-blade. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha amathuluzi e-ceramic wokusika lezi zinto, ukuqina kwe-microscopic kufanele kucatshangelwe. Njengamanje, impahla ye-α/βSialon iyisinqumo esingcono ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuhle nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokugqokwa kokusabalalisa. Isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekusikeni ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel, futhi impilo yayo yesevisi idlula kude izinto zobumba ezisekelwe ku-Al2O3. I-SiC whisker-reinforced ceramics futhi iyithuluzi elisebenzayo lokusika insimbi engagqwali noma ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel.
Ama-CBN (cubic boron nitride) ama-blades anconywa ukucubungula izingxenye ezicishiwe ezenziwe ngalezi zinto. I-CBN ingeyesibili kuphela kwedayimane ngokobulukhuni, ngezinga lobulukhuni elingafinyelela ku-7000~8000HV. Inokumelana nokugqokwa okuphezulu futhi ikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme afinyelela ku-1200°C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali futhi ayinakho ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali nezinsimbi zeqembu lensimbi ku-1200 kuya ku-1300 ° C, okuyenza ilungele ukucubungula izinto zensimbi engagqwali. Impilo yayo yamathuluzi ingaba yinde izikhathi eziningi kune-carbide noma amathuluzi e-ceramic.
2) Ukwakhiwa kwepharamitha yejiyomethri yethuluzi kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kokusika. Amathuluzi e-Carbide adinga i-engeli yeraki enkulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe inqubo yokusika eshelelayo nempilo ende yamathuluzi. I-engeli ye-rake kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-10° kuya ku-20° uma kwenziwa imishini enzima, i-15° ukuya ku-20° uma iqeda kancane, futhi ibe ngu-20° ukuya ku-30° ukuqeda. I-engeli enkulu yokuchezuka kufanele ikhethwe ngokusekelwe ekuqineni kwesistimu yenqubo, enobubanzi obusuka ku-30° ukuya ku-45° ukuze buqine kahle kanye no-60° kuya ku-75° ukuze buqine. Uma isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi bomsebenzi wokusebenza sidlula izikhathi eziyishumi, i-engeli enkulu yokuchezuka ingaba ngu-90°.
Lapho kusetshenziswa izinto zensimbi engagqwali eziyisicefe ngamathuluzi e-ceramic, i-engeli ye-rake engalungile ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukusika, ukusuka ku-5° ukuya ku-12°. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisa i-blade futhi kusebenzisa ngokugcwele amandla aphezulu okucindezela amathuluzi e-ceramic. Usayizi we-engeli yokukhulula uthinta ngokuqondile ukuguga kwamathuluzi namandla e-blade, ngebanga elingu-5° ukuya ku-12°. Izinguquko ku-angle enkulu yokuchezuka zithinta amandla okusika e-radial kanye ne-axial, kanye nobubanzi bokusika nokushuba. Njengoba ukudlidliza kungase kube yingozi kumathuluzi okusika e-ceramic, i-engeli enkulu yokuchezuka kufanele ikhethwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza, ngokuvamile ebangeni elingu-30° ukuya ku-75°.
Uma i-CBN isetshenziswa njengethuluzi, ipharamitha yejiyomethri yethuluzi kufanele ifake i-engeli yerakhi engu-0° ukuya ku-10°, i-engeli yokukhulula engu-12° ukuya ku-20°, kanye ne-engeli enkulu yokuchezuka engu-45° ukuya ku-90°.
3) Lapho ulola indawo ye-rake, kubalulekile ukugcina inani lokumahhadla lincane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma ithuluzi linenani elincane lokumahhadla, lisiza ekwehliseni ukumelana nokugeleza kokusika ama-chips futhi ligwema inkinga yama-chips anamathela ethuluzini. Ukuqinisekisa inani elincane lobunzima, kunconywa ukugaya ngokucophelela indawo yangaphambili nangemuva yethuluzi. Lokhu kuzosiza futhi ekugwemeni ama-chips anamathela kummese.
4) Kubalulekile ukugcina umkhawulo wokusika wethuluzi ubukhali ukuze unciphise ukuqina komsebenzi. Ukwengeza, inani lokuphakelayo kanye nenani lokusika emuva kufanele kube elinengqondo ukuze kugwenywe ithuluzi kusukela ekusikeni kuze kufike kungqimba oluqinile, okungaba nomthelela omubi ukuphila kwethuluzi.
5) Kubalulekile ukunaka inqubo yokugaya ye-chip breaker lapho usebenza ngensimbi engagqwali. Lawa ma-chips aziwa ngezici zawo eziqinile neziqinile, ngakho-ke i-chip breaker endaweni yethuluzi kufanele igaywe kahle. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuphuka, ukubamba, nokukhipha ama-chips ngesikhathi sokusika.
6) Uma usika insimbi engagqwali, kuyanconywa ukuthi usebenzise isivinini esiphansi kanye nenani elikhulu lokuphakelayo. Ukuze uthole isicefe ngamathuluzi e-ceramic, ukukhetha inani elifanele lokusika kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle. Ukusika okuqhubekayo, inani lokusika kufanele likhethwe ngokusekelwe ebudlelwaneni phakathi kokuqina kokugqoka kanye nenani lokusika. Ukuze usike ngezikhathi ezithile, inani elifanele lokusika kufanele linqunywe ngokusekelwe kuphethini yokuphuka kwamathuluzi.
Njengoba amathuluzi e-ceramic anokushisa okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nokuguga, umthelela wenani lokusika empilweni yokugqoka kwamathuluzi awubalulekile njengamathuluzi e-carbide. Ngokuvamile, uma usebenzisa amathuluzi e-ceramic, izinga lokuphakelayo liyisici esibucayi kakhulu sokuphulwa kwamathuluzi. Ngakho-ke, lapho izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali ziyisicefe, zama ukukhetha isivinini esikhulu sokusika, inani elikhulu lokusika emuva, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuncane, okusekelwe ezintweni zokusebenza futhi kuncike kumandla wethuluzi lomshini, ukuqina kwesistimu, namandla e-blade.
I-7) Uma usebenza ngensimbi engagqwali, kubalulekile ukukhetha uketshezi olufanele lokusika ukuze kuqinisekiswe isicefe esiphumelelayo. Insimbi engagqwali ijwayele ukuhlangana futhi inokukhipha ukushisa okungekuhle, ngakho-ke uketshezi olunqunyiwe olukhethiwe kufanele lube nokumelana okuhle kokubopha kanye nezakhiwo zokulahla ukushisa. Isibonelo, uketshezi lokusika olunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chlorine lungasetshenziswa.
Ukwengeza, kukhona izixazululo zamanzi ezingenawo uwoyela wamaminerali, ezingena-nitrate ezitholakalayo ezinokupholisa okuhle, ukuhlanza, ukulwa nokugqwala, nemiphumela yokugcoba, njengoketshezi lokusika lwe-H1L-2. Ngokusebenzisa uketshezi olufanele lokusika, ubunzima obuhlobene nokucutshungulwa kwensimbi engagqwali bunganqotshwa, okuholela ekuphileni okuthuthukisiwe kwamathuluzi ngesikhathi sokumba, ukuvuselela kabusha, nokubhora, ukunciphisa ukucijwa kwamathuluzi nezinguquko, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwezimbobo zekhwalithi ephezulu. Lokhu ekugcineni kunganciphisa umfutho wabasebenzi kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza kuyilapho kuzuzwa imiphumela egculisayo.
E-Anebon, umbono wethu uwukubeka phambili ikhwalithi nokwethembeka, ukuhlinzeka ngosizo oluqotho, nokulwela ukuthola inzuzo efanayo. Sihlose ukudala okuhle kakhulu njaloizingxenye zensimbi eziphendukilekanye microIzingxenye zokugaya ze-CNC. Siyalwazisa umbuzo wakho futhi sizokuphendula ngokushesha okukhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-24-2024