Iphepha lidingida izimiso ze-extrusion ebandayo, ligcizelela izici, ukugeleza kwenqubo, kanye nezidingo zokwenza igobolondo le-aluminium alloy yesixhumi. Ngokwenza kahle ukwakheka kwengxenye nokusungula izidingo zokulawula zesakhiwo sekristalu yezinto ezingavuthiwe, ikhwalithi yenqubo yokukhipha amakhaza ingathuthukiswa. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokwakha kodwa futhi yehlisa izibonelelo zokucubungula kanye nezindleko eziphelele.
01 Isingeniso
Inqubo ye-extrusion ebandayo iyindlela engasindi yokubumba insimbi esebenzisa isimiso sokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki. Kule nqubo, ingcindezi ethile isetshenziswa ensimbi ngaphakathi kwe-extrusion die cavity ekamelweni lokushisa, okuyivumela ukuba iphoqelelwe ngembobo yokufa noma igebe phakathi kwe-convex ne-concave liyafa. Lokhu kubangela ukwakheka kwesimo sengxenye oyifunayo.
Igama elithi "i-cold extrusion" lihlanganisa uchungechunge lwezinqubo zokwakheka, okuhlanganisa ukuzikhipha okubandayo ngokwako, ukucasula, ukunyathela, ukubhoboza kahle, ukugoba intamo, ukuqeda, kanye nokwelula okuncane. Ezinhlelweni eziningi, i-extrusion ebandayo isebenza njengenqubo yokuqala yokwakha, evame ukulekelelwa yinqubo eyodwa noma eziningi ezisizayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ingxenye eqediwe yekhwalithi ephezulu.
I-Cold extrusion iyindlela ethuthukisiwe ekucubunguleni ipulasitiki yensimbi futhi iya ngokuya ithatha indawo yamasu endabuko njengokuphonsa, ukufoja, ukudweba, nokusika. Njengamanje, le nqubo ingasetshenziswa ezinsimbi ezifana nomthofu, ithini, i-aluminium, ithusi, i-zinc nama-alloys azo, kanye nensimbi ye-carbon steel, insimbi ye-carbon steel, insimbi yamathuluzi, insimbi ephansi ye-alloy, nensimbi engagqwali. Kusukela ngeminyaka yo-1980, inqubo yokukhipha amakhaza isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekukhiqizeni amagobolondo e-aluminium alloy yezixhumi eziyindilinga futhi isiphenduke indlela esungulwe kahle.
02 Izimiso, izici, nezinqubo zenqubo ye-extrusion ebandayo
2.1 Izimiso ze-extrusion ebandayo
Umshini wokunyathelisa kanye ne-die uyasebenzisana ukuze usebenzise amandla ensimbi ekhubazekile, okwenza isimo sokucindezeleka esinezinhlangothi ezintathu esicindezelayo endaweni eyinhloko yokuguquguquka, okwenza insimbi ekhubazekile ikwazi ukugeleza kwepulasitiki ngendlela enqunywe kusengaphambili.
Umthelela wengcindezi yokucindezelwa kwezinhlangothi ezintathu umi kanje.
I-1) Ingcindezi ecindezelwayo enezinhlangothi ezintathu ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwamakristalu, kuthuthukise kakhulu ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki kwezinsimbi.
2) Lolu hlobo lokucindezeleka lungasiza ukwenza izinsimbi ezikhubazekile ziminyene futhi zilungise ngempumelelo imifantu emincane ehlukahlukene kanye nokukhubazeka kwesakhiwo.
I-3) Ukucindezeleka kokucindezela kwezinhlangothi ezintathu kungavimbela ukwakheka kokugxila kwengcindezi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukulimala okubangelwa ukungcola ngaphakathi kwensimbi.
I-4) Ukwengeza, ingamelana ngokuphawulekayo nokucindezeleka okwengeziwe okubangelwa ukuguquguquka okungalingani, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise umonakalo ovela kulokhu kucindezeleka okuqinile.
Phakathi nenqubo ebandayo ye-extrusion, insimbi ekhubazekile igeleza ngendlela ethile. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi okusanhlamvu okukhudlwana kuchotshozwe, kuyilapho okusanhlamvu okusele kanye nezinto ze-intergranular ziba zinde ngasendleleni yokuwohloka. Ngenxa yalokho, okusanhlamvu okukodwa kanye nemingcele yokusanhlamvu kuba nzima ukuhlukanisa futhi kubonakale njengemigqa ene-fibrous, ebizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo esine-fibrous. Ukwakheka kwalesi sakhiwo esine-fibrous kwandisa ukumelana ne-deformation yensimbi futhi kunikeza izakhiwo eziqondisayo zemishini ezingxenyeni ezibandayo ezikhishwayo.
Ukwengeza, umumo we-lattice eduze kwendlela yokugeleza kwensimbi ishintsha isuka esimweni esingahlelekile iye endaweni ehlelekile, ithuthukisa amandla engxenye futhi iholele ezimpahleni zomshini ze-anisotropic ensimbi ekhubazekile. Kuyo yonke inqubo yokwakha, izingxenye ezihlukene zengxenye zihlangabezana namazinga ahlukahlukene okuguga. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuholela ekuhlukeni kokuqina komsebenzi, okuholela ekuhlukeni okuhlukile kwezakhiwo zemishini kanye nokusabalalisa ubulukhuni.
2.2 Izici ze-extrusion ebandayo
Inqubo ye-extrusion ebandayo inezici ezilandelayo.
I-1) I-Cold extrusion iyinqubo yokwakha eseduze engasiza ukulondoloza izinto zokusetshenziswa.
I-2) Le ndlela isebenza ekamelweni lokushisa, ihlanganisa isikhathi esifushane sokucubungula izingcezu ezingashadile, inikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, futhi kulula ukuzenzela.
I-3) Iqinisekisa ukunemba kobukhulu obuyinhloko futhi igcina izinga eliphezulu lezingxenye ezibalulekile.
I-4) Izinto ezibonakalayo zensimbi ekhubazekile zithuthukiswa ngokuqiniswa komsebenzi obandayo kanye nokudalwa kwe-fiber streamlines ephelele.
2.3 Ukugeleza kwenqubo ye-extrusion ebandayo
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhipha amakhaza zihlanganisa umshini obandayo wokwenza i-extrusion-forming, i-forming die, kanye nesithando somlilo sokushisa. Izinqubo eziyinhloko wukwenza lutho nokwakha.
(1) Ukwenza okungenalutho:Ibha ibunjwa ibe yinto engenalutho edingekayo ngokusaha, ukucasula, kanyeisitembu seshidi lensimbi, bese ikhishwa ukuze kulungiselelwe ukwakheka okulandelayo okubandayo kwe-extrusion.
(2) Ukwakha:I-annealed aluminium alloy blank ibekwe endaweni yesikhunta. Ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlanganisiwe somshini wokwakha kanye nesikhunta, i-aluminium alloy blank ingena esimweni sokukhiqiza futhi igeleza ngokushelela ngaphakathi kwendawo ebekiwe ye-mold cavity, ivumela ukuthi ithathe umumo oyifunayo. Nokho, amandla engxenye ebunjiwe angase angafinyeleli emazingeni alungile. Uma amandla aphezulu edingeka, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, njengokwelashwa kokushisa kwesisombululo esiqinile nokuguga (ikakhulukazi ama-alloys angaqiniswa ngokwelashwa kokushisa), kuyadingeka.
Lapho kunqunywa indlela yokwenza kanye nenani lamaphasi okwenza, kubalulekile ukucabangela ubunkimbinkimbi bengxenye kanye nezilinganiso ezimisiwe zokucubungula okungeziwe. Ukugeleza kwenqubo yepulaki yochungechunge lwe-J599 kanye negobolondo lesokhethi kuhlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo: ukusika → ukujika okungalungile nhlangothi zombili → ukugcwalisa → ukuthambisa → ukukhishwa → ukucisha → ukujika nokugaya → ukudonsa. Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa ukugeleza kwenqubo yegobolondo nge-flange, kuyilapho Umfanekiso 2 ubonisa ukugeleza kwenqubo yegobolondo ngaphandle kwe-flange.
03 Izigigaba ezijwayelekile ekwakhekeni kwe-extrusion ebandayo
(1) Ukuqina komsebenzi kuyinqubo lapho amandla nobulukhuni bensimbi ekhubazekile bukhuphuka ngenkathi ipulasitiki yayo iyancipha inqobo nje uma ukuwohloka kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elikhanyayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi njengoba izinga le-deformation likhuphuka, insimbi iba namandla futhi ibe nzima kodwa iyancipha kancane. Ukuqina komsebenzi kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuqinisa izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene, njengama-alloys e-aluminium evimbela ukugqwala kanye nensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic.
(2) I-Thermal Effect: Enqubweni ebandayo yokwakhiwa kwe-extrusion, amandla amaningi asetshenziselwa umsebenzi wokuguqula aguqulwa abe ukushisa. Ezindaweni ezinokuguqulwa okuphawulekayo, izinga lokushisa lingafinyelela phakathi kuka-200 no-300 ° C, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo, lapho ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuzwakala nakakhulu. Le miphumela yokushisa ithonya kakhulu ukuhamba kwakho kokubili okokugcoba nezinsimbi ezikhubazekile.
(3) Ngesikhathi senqubo ebandayo yokwenza i-extrusion, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokucindezeleka ensimbi ekhubazekile: ukucindezeleka okuyisisekelo nokucindezeleka okwengeziwe.
04 Izidingo zenqubo ye-extrusion ebandayo
Njengoba kunikezwe izingqinamba ezikhona kunqubo yokukhiqiza ye-extrusion ebandayo yamagobolondo okuxhuma i-aluminium alloy 6061, izidingo ezithile ziyasungulwa mayelana nesakhiwo sayo, izinto zokusetshenziswa, nokunye.inqubo ye-latheizakhiwo.
4.1 Izimfuneko zobubanzi bomsele wokusikwa ngemuva kokhiye wembobo yangaphakathi
Ububanzi bomsele osikwe ngemuva kukhiye wembobo yangaphakathi kufanele okungenani bube ngu-2.5 mm. Uma izithiyo zesakhiwo zikhawulela lobu bubanzi, ububanzi obuncane obamukelekayo kufanele bube bukhulu kuno-2 mm. Umfanekiso 3 ubonisa ukuqhathaniswa komsele osikwe ngemuva kukhiye wembobo engaphakathi yegobolondo ngaphambi nangemuva kokuthuthukiswa. Umfanekiso wesi-4 ubonisa ukuqhathaniswa kwe-groove ngaphambi nangemuva kokuthuthukiswa, ikakhulukazi uma kunqunyelwe ukucatshangelwa kwesakhiwo.
4.2 Izidingo zobude nomumo wokhiye owodwa wembobo engaphakathi
Faka i-back cutter groove noma i-chamfer emgodini ongaphakathi wegobolondo. Umfanekiso wesi-5 ubonisa ukuqhathaniswa kwembobo yangaphakathi yegobolondo ngaphambi nangemuva kokwengezwa komsele wokusika ngemuva, kuyilapho Umfanekiso wesi-6 ubonisa ukuqhathaniswa kwembobo engaphakathi yegobolondo ngaphambi nangemva kokuba i-chamfer seyengeziwe.
4.3 Izidingo ezingezansi ze-inner hole blind groove
Ama-Chamfers noma ama-back-cut ayengezwa emiseleni eyimpumputhe engaphakathi. Umfanekiso 7 ubonisa ukuqhathaniswa kwegobolondo elingunxande lembobo eyimpumputhe yangaphakathi ngaphambi nangemuva kokwengezwa kwe-chamfer.
4.4 Izidingo ngezansi kokhiye oyisilinda wangaphandle
I-groove yokusiza ifakwe ngaphansi kokhiye oyisilinda wangaphandle wendlu. Ukuqhathanisa ngaphambi nangemva kokwengezwa kwe-groove yokusiza kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 8.
4.5 Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza
Isakhiwo sekristalu sezinto ezingavuthiwe sithinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yendawo etholwe ngemuva kokukhishwa okubandayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga ekhwalithi engaphezulu ayahlangatshezwana nawo, kubalulekile ukusungula izimfuneko zokulawula zesakhiwo sekristalu yezinto ezingavuthiwe. Ngokukhethekile, ubukhulu obuvunyelwe bobukhulu bamalingi ekristalu amaqhafuqhafu ohlangothini olulodwa lwempahla eluhlaza kufanele kube ≤ 1 mm.
4.6 Izimfuneko zesilinganiso sokujula kobubanzi bembobo
Isilinganiso sokujula kobubanzi bembobo sidingeka sibe ngu-≤3.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-03-2024