Ukungeniswa okunengqondo nolwazi olutholiwe lwezindinganiso zentambo

Wazi kangakanani ngemicu eyenziwe ngomshini?

Emkhakheni wokwenza imishini, “imicu” ivame ukusho izigodi ze-helical nezigodi ezingaphezulu kwengxenye yesilinda, eziyenza ixhunywe nenye ingxenye noma isetshenziselwe ukudlulisa ukunyakaza noma amandla. Izincazelo namazinga ochungechunge olungomshini ngokuvamile aqondiswe embonini nasekusetshenzisweni okukhulunywa ngakho.E-United States, uchungechunge lomshini ngokuvamile luchazwa ngamazinga abekwe izinhlangano ezifana ne-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) kanye ne-American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (ASME). Lawa mazinga acacisa amaphrofayili entambo, iphimbo, izigaba zokubekezelela, neminye imingcele yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezintambo.

Elinye lamazinga aziwa kakhulu emicu emshinini i-Unified Thread Standard (UTS), esetshenziselwa imicu esekelwe ngamayintshi. I-UTS ichaza uchungechunge oluhlukahlukene, olufana ne-Unified Coarse (UNC) ne-Unified Fine (UNF), futhi ihlinzeka ngemininingwane enemininingwane yobukhulu bochungechunge, ukubekezelelana, kanye namagama.Ngochungechunge lwe-metric, izinga le-ISO metric screw thread (ISO 68-1) isetshenziswa kabanzi. Leli zinga lihlanganisa amaphrofayili entambo yemethrikhi, ukuphakama kwentambo, amakilasi okubekezelela, nokunye ukucaciswa okuhlobene.Kubalulekile ukubhekisela kumazinga athile kanye nokucaciswa okuhlobene nemboni kanye nohlelo lokusebenza osebenza nalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuklanywa okufanele kanye nokukhiqizwa kochungechunge lwemishini.

Nsuku zonke, ochwepheshe abasebenza ngemishini bahlangana nezingxenye ezinentambo. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ziyini izincazelo zazo—kungaba imethrikhi noma i-imperial, eqondile noma eqoshiwe, evalwe uphawu noma engavaliwe, yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle, enephrofayili engu-55-degree noma 60-degree—lezi zingxenye zivame ukonakala futhi zenziwa zingasebenziseki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kubalulekile ukuwahlola ngokucophelela kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni. Namuhla, ithimba le-Anebon lizohlanganisa isifinyezo ngethemba lokuthi lizosiza wonke umuntu.

1. Izimpawu ezivamile

I-NPTiyintambo yepayipi elicijile elivamile laseMelika elisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile eline-engeli yephrofayela engu-60°.

PTintambo intambo yombuso ene-engeli engu-55 °, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvala. Imicu yamapayipi aseBrithani ifaka imicu emihle. Ngenxa yokujula kwentambo enkulu yezintambo ezimahhadla, kunciphisa kakhulu amandla epayipi lobubanzi obungaphandle elisikwayo.

PFintambo iyintambo ehambisanayo yamapayipi.

Giyintambo yepayipi lokuvala elingafakwa imicu engu-55 degree, elomndeni wakwaWhitworth. Ukumaka u-G umele umucu oyisilinda, u-G okuyitemu elivamile lentambo yepayipi (i-Guan), futhi umehluko phakathi kuka-55 degrees no-60 degrees uyasebenza.

ZGngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cone yepayipi, okusho ukuthi intambo icutshungulwa endaweni eyikhonikhi. Amajoyinti amapayipi amanzi ajwayelekile enziwa ngale ndlela. Izinga elidala likazwelonke limakwe ngokuthi Rc.Pitch lisetshenziselwa ukuveza imicu yemethrikhi, kuyilapho inani lemicu iyintshi ngayinye isetshenziselwa imicu yaseMelika neyaseBrithani. Lona umehluko wabo oyinhloko. Izintambo zemethrikhi zinephrofayili ye-equilateral engu-60-degree, imicu yaseBrithani inephrofayili ye-isosceles engu-55-degree, kanti imicu yaseMelika inephrofayili engu-60-degree.

Imicu yemethrikhisebenzisa amayunithi e-metric, kuyilapho imicu yaseMelika neyaseBrithani isebenzisa amayunithi ombuso.

Izintambo zamapayipiasetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuxhuma amapayipi. Izintambo zangaphakathi nangaphandle zihambisana eduze, futhi kunezinhlobo ezimbili: amapayipi aqondile namapayipi aqoshiwe. Ububanzi obujwayelekile bubhekisela kububanzi bepayipi elixhunyiwe. Ngokusobala, ububanzi obukhulu bentambo bukhulu kunobubanzi obujwayelekile.

Ububanzi bohlelo lokusebenza buhlanganisacnc izingxenye zomshini, izingxenye eziphendukayo ze-cnc kanyeizingxenye zokugaya ze-cnc.

U-1/4, 1/2, kanye no-1/8 umele amadayamitha angama-intshi angama-intshi.

2. Izindinganiso zezwe ezihlukene

1. Intambo yesistimu eyi-intshi ehlanganisiwe

Lolu hlobo lochungechunge luvame ukusetshenziswa emazweni asebenzisa isistimu eyi-intshi futhi luhlukaniswa ngochungechunge oluthathu: uchungechunge lwamagagasi e-UNC, uchungechunge lwentambo ecolekileyo i-UNF, uchungechunge lochungechunge oluhle kakhulu lwe-UNFF, nochungechunge lwephimbo olungaguquki i-UN.
Indlela yokumaka:Ububanzi bochungechunge—inani lemicu ngekhodi eyintshi ngayinye—ibanga lokunemba.

Ngokwesibonelo:Uchungechunge lwentambo eqinile 3/8—16UNC—2A; Uchungechunge lwezintambo ezinhle 3/8—24UNF—2A; Uchungechunge lochungechunge oluhle kakhulu 3/8—32UNFF—2A;

Uchungechunge lwephimbo elungisiwe 3/8—20UN—2A.Idijithi yokuqala engu-3/8 isho ububanzi obungaphandle bochungechunge ngamayintshi. Ukuze uguqulele kuyunithi yemethrikhi mm, phindaphinda ngo-25.4, okulingana no-9.525mm; izinombolo zesibili nezesithathu u-16, 24, 32, no-20 zimelela inani lamazinyo iyintshi ngayinye (inani lamazinyo ngobude obungu-25.4mm); amakhodi ombhalo ngemva kwedijithi yesithathu, i-UNC, UNF, UNFF, UN, amakhodi ochungechunge, futhi amadijithi amabili okugcina, 2A, abonisa izinga lokunemba.

Ukuguqulwa kwentambo yepayipi eyisilinda engu-2.55°
Uchungechunge lwamapayipi angu-55° cylindrical luqalwe ochungechungeni lwamayintshi kodwa lusetshenziswa kakhulu kuwo womabili amazwe e-metric naweyintshi. Isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amalunga amapayipi, ukuthutha uketshezi namagesi, nokufaka izintambo. Kodwa-ke, amazwe ahlukene anamakhodi ahlukene, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuguqula amakhodi angaphandle abe amakhodi aseShayina usebenzisa ithebula (ithebula lokuqhathanisa) elinikeziwe. Amakhodi entambo yamapayipi angama-cylindrical angu-55° amazwe ahlukahlukene manje asethulwa kuthebula elingezansi.

Ukuguqulwa kochungechunge lwepayipi elicijile elingu-3.55°
55° intambo yepayipi ecijile isho ukuthi i-engeli yephrofayili yochungechunge ingu-55° futhi intambo ine-taper engu-1:16. Lolu chungechunge lwezintambo lusetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi amagama ayo amakhodi ayahluka emazweni ngamazwe.

4.Ukuguqulwa komucu wepayipi ocijile ongu-60°

Umucu wepayipi ocijile ongu-60° ubhekisela kuntambo yepayipi ene-engeli yephrofayela engu-60° kanye ne-tape yentambo engu-1:16. Lolu chungechunge lwezintambo lusetshenziswa embonini yamathuluzi emishini yezwe lami nase-United States kanye nezwe elaliyiSoviet Union. Igama layo lekhodi, i-China lalivame ukulicacisa ngokuthi K, kamuva layichaza ngokuthi Z, futhi manje isishintshelwe ku-NPT. Bheka ithebula lokuqhathanisa lekhodi yochungechunge ngezansi.

5.55° Ukuguqulwa Kwentambo Ye-Trapezoidal
Intambo ye-trapezoidal ibhekisela kuntambo ye-trapezoidal ye-metric ene-engeli yephrofayela engu-30°. Lolu chungechunge lwezintambo lufana kakhulu ekhaya naphesheya, futhi amakhodi abo nawo ayahambisana. Amakhodi entambo akhonjisiwe kuthebula elingezansi.

3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezintambo

Ngokusebenzisa izintambo ezihlukahlukene, zingahlukaniswa zibe:

1. Uhlelo lwe-International Metric Thread System

Uchungechunge oluthathwe yi-CNS evamile yezwe lami. Ingaphezulu lezinyo liyisicaba futhi kulula ukulijika, kuyilapho phansi izinyo kumise okwe-arc ukuze kwandiswe amandla entambo. I-engeli yentambo ingamadigri angu-60, futhi ukucaciswa kuvezwa ku-M. Imicu ye-Metric ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: intambo eqinile kanye nentambo enhle. Ukumelwa kunjengoM8x1.25. (M: ikhodi, 8: i-diameter yegama, 1.25: pitch).

2. Uchungechunge Olujwayelekile LwaseMelika

Ingaphezulu kanye nempande yochungechunge kokubili kuyisicaba futhi kunamandla angcono. I-angle yentambo iphinde ibe ngamadigri angu-60, futhi ukucaciswa kuvezwa ngemicu iyintshi ngayinye. Lolu hlobo lwentambo lungahlukaniswa ngamaleveli amathathu: intambo eqinile (NC); intambo enhle (NF); intambo enhle eyengeziwe (NEF). Ukumelwa kufana ne-1/2-10NC. (1/2: ububanzi obungaphandle; 10: inombolo yamazinyo iyintshi ngayinye; ikhodi ye-NC).

3. Uchungechunge olujwayelekile oluhlanganisiwe (UnifiedThread)

Ihlanganiswe ngokuhlanganyela yi-United States, i-United Kingdom, ne-Canada, iyintambo yaseBrithani evame ukusetshenziswa.
I-angle yentambo iphinde ibe ngamadigri angu-60, futhi ukucaciswa kuvezwa ngemicu iyintshi ngayinye. Lolu hlobo lwentambo lungahlukaniswa lube intambo eqinile (UNC); intambo enhle (UNF); intambo enhle eyengeziwe (UNEF). Ukumelwa kufana ne-1/2-10UNC. (1/2: ububanzi obungaphandle; 10: inombolo yamazinyo iyintshi ngayinye; ikhodi ye-UNC).

Intambo emise okwe-4.V (Sharp VThread)

Ingaphezulu nezimpande zombili ziqondile, zibuthakathaka ngamandla, futhi azivamile ukusetshenziswa. I-engeli yochungechunge ingama-degree angama-60.

5. I-Whitworth Thread

Lolu hlobo lochungechunge lucaciswe yi-British National Standard. Ifaka i-angle yentambo engu-55 degrees futhi ifanekiselwa ngu-“W”. Ngokuyinhloko yakhelwe izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziginqikayo, ivamise ukumelelwa njenge-W1/2-10 (1/2: ububanzi bangaphandle; 10: inombolo yamazinyo iyintshi ngayinye; W code).

6. Intambo Eyindilinga (KnuckleThread)
Lolu hlobo lwentambo evamile, olusungulwe yi-DIN yaseJalimane, lufaneleka kakhulu ukuxhuma amalambu okukhanya namashubhu enjoloba. Kuboniswa uphawu "Rd".

7. Intambo Yepayipi (PipeThread)
Njengoba iklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuvuza, lezi zintambo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amapayipi egesi noma awuketshezi. Nge-angle yentambo engu-55 degrees, angaphinde ahlukaniswe abe imicu yepayipi eqondile, eyaziwa ngokuthi "PS, NPS", kanye nezintambo zamapayipi ezicijile, ezaziwa ngokuthi "NPT". I-taper ingu-1:16, ilingana no-3/4 intshi ngonyawo.

8. Intambo yesikwele
Ihambisana nokusebenza kahle kokudlulisela phambili, okwesibili ngemuva kwentambo yebhola, lolu hlobo lwentambo luvame ukusetshenziselwa izikulufu ze-vise nemicu ye-crane. Kodwa-ke, umkhawulo wayo ulele ekungakwazini ukulungiswa nge-nati ngemva kokugqoka.

9. Intambo ye-Trapezoidal
Futhi okubizwa ngokuthi intambo ye-Acme, lolu hlobo lunikeza ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela okuphansi kunomucu oyisikwele. Kodwa-ke, inenzuzo yokulungiswa nge-nati ngemuva kokugqoka. Kuhlelo lwemethrikhi, i-engeli yentambo ingamadigri angu-30, kuyilapho ohlelweni lobukhosi, ingama-degree angu-29. Ngokujwayelekile isetshenziselwa izikulufu zokuhola zamalathe, imelelwa uphawu "Tr".

10.Intambo ye-Zigzag (ButtressThread)

Ebizwa nangokuthi intambo ye-rhombic, ifaneleka kuphela ukudluliselwa kwendlela eyodwa. Okufana nama-screw jacks, ama-pressurizer, njll. Uphawu luthi “Bu”.

11. Intambo yebhola

Iwuchungechunge olusebenza kahle kakhulu ekudluliseni. Kunzima ukuwenza futhi kubiza kakhulu. Isetshenziswa emishinini enembayo. Njengesikulufu sokuhola samathuluzi omshini we-CNC kanyeizingxenye ze-prototype ezenziwe ngomshini.

Ukumelwa kwamabhawudi ayintshi
LH 2N 5/8 × 3 – 13UNC-2A
(1) I-LH intambo yesokunxele (i-RH iyintambo engakwesokudla futhi ingashiywa).
(2) 2N umucu ophindwe kabili.
(3) 5/8 intshi intambo, ububanzi obungaphandle 5/8”.
(4) 3 ibhawudi ubude 3”.
(5) Imicu engu-13 inemicu engu-13 iyintshi ngayinye.
(6) Intambo evamile eqinile ye-UNC.
(7) Ukulingana kwezinga lesi-2, intambo yangaphandle (3: ilingana kahle; 2: ilingana phakathi; 1: ilingana) A: Intambo yangaphandle (ingashiywa), B: Intambo yangaphakathi.

Intambo ye-Imperial
Ubukhulu bezintambo zombuso ngokuvamile zivezwa ngenani lezintambo nge-intshi ngayinye yobude kuntambo, ebizwa ngokuthi "inani lezintambo nge-intshi ngayinye", elilingana ncamashi nokuphindaphinda kwephimbo lentambo. Isibonelo, intambo enemicu engu-8 iyintshi ine-pitch engu-1/8 intshi.

Ukuphishekela i-Anebon nenjongo yenkampani iwukuba njalo “ukwanelisa izidingo zethu zabathengi njalo”. I-Anebon iqhubeka nokuthola nesitayela futhi iklame imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu encomekayo kumakhasimende ethu aphelelwe yisikhathi namasha futhi ifinyelele ithemba lokuwina kubathengi be-Anebon kanye nathi nge-Original Factory Profile extrusions aluminium,i-cnc iphendule ingxenye, cnc yokugaya inayiloni. Samukela ngobuqotho abangani ukuthi bahwebe ngebhizinisi futhi baqale ukubambisana nathi. I-Anebon inethemba lokuthi izobambana ngezandla nabangani abasondelene ezimbonini ezehlukene ukuze ikhiqize ikusasa eliqhakazile.

      Umkhiqizi wase-China we-China High Precision kanye ne-Metal Stainless Steel Foundry, i-Anebon ifuna amathuba okuhlangana nabo bonke abangani abavela ekhaya naphesheya ukuze kuzuze ukubambisana. I-Anebon inethemba lobuqotho lokuba nokubambisana kwesikhathi eside nani nonke ezisekelweni zenzuzo efanayo nentuthuko efanayo.

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