Kunezizathu eziningi zokuwohloka kwezingxenye ze-aluminium, ezihlobene nezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuma kwengxenye, nezimo zokukhiqiza. Ngokuyinhloko kukhona izici ezilandelayo: ukuguquguquka okubangelwa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kokungenalutho, ukuguqulwa okubangelwa amandla okusika kanye nokushisa okusika, kanye nokuguqulwa okubangelwa amandla okubamba.
【1】Izinyathelo zenqubo zokunciphisa ukuwohloka kokucubungula
1. Yehlisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kokungenalutho
Ukwelashwa kokuguga okungokwemvelo noma okwenziwayo kanye nokudlidliza kungaqeda kancane ingcindezi yangaphakathi yokungenalutho. Ukucubungula kwangaphambili kuyindlela yenqubo ephumelelayo. Kokungenalutho okunekhanda elinamafutha kanye nezindlebe ezinkulu, ngenxa yemvume enkulu, ukuwohloka ngemva kokucubungula nakho kukhulu. Uma ingxenye eyengeziwe yokungenalutho icutshungulwa kusengaphambili futhi imvume yengxenye ngayinye incishisiwe, ayikwazi nje ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kokucubungula kwenqubo elandelayo, kodwa futhi ikhulule ingxenye yokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ngemva kokucubungula kwangaphambili isikhathi esithile. isikhathi.
2. Thuthukisa ikhono lokusika lethuluzi
Izinto ezibonakalayo kanye nemingcele yejometri yethuluzi zinethonya elibalulekile emandleni okusika nokushisa okusika. Ukukhethwa okulungile kwethuluzi kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwe-machining kwengxenye.
(1) Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwethuluzi lamapharamitha wejometri.
① I-angle ye-Rake: Ngaphansi kwesimo sokugcina amandla we-blade, i-rake angle ikhethwa ngokufanele ukuthi ibe nkulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingagaya unqenqema olubukhali, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, inganciphisa ukuguqulwa kokusika, ukususwa kwe-chip bushelelezi, bese unciphisa amandla okusika kanye nezinga lokushisa lokusika. Ungalokothi usebenzise amathuluzi ane-engeli ye-rake engalungile.
②I-engeli yokukhulula: Usayizi we-engeli yokukhulula unomthelela oqondile ekugugekeni kweflank kanye nekhwalithi yendawo esebenza ngomshini. Ubukhulu bokusika kuyisimo esibalulekile sokukhetha i-angle yokususa. Ngesikhathi sokugaya, ngenxa yesilinganiso esikhulu sokuphakelayo, umthwalo osindayo wokusika, kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa okukhulu, ithuluzi lidinga izimo ezinhle zokulahla ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, i-angle yokususa kufanele ikhethwe ukuze ibe mncane. Uma ukugaya okuhle, umkhawulo wokusika uyadingeka ukuba ubukhali, ukungqubuzana phakathi kobuso be-flank kanye nomshini womshini kuyancishiswa, futhi ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic kuyancipha. Ngakho-ke, i-angle yokususa kufanele ibe nkulu.
③ I-engeli ye-Helix: Ukuze wenze ukugaya kushelele futhi kunciphise amandla okugaya, i-engeli ye-helix kufanele ibe nkulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
④I-engeli enkulu yokwehla: Ukunciphisa kahle i-engeli eyinhloko yokwehla kungathuthukisa izimo zokulahla ukushisa futhi kunciphise izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lendawo yokucubungula.
(2) Thuthukisa isakhiwo samathuluzi.
①Yehlisa inani lamazinyo esisiki sokugaya futhi wandise isikhala se-chip. Ngenxa yepulasitiki enkulu yezinto ze-aluminium kanye ne-deformation enkulu yokusika ngesikhathi sokucubungula, isikhala esikhulu se-chip siyadingeka, ngakho-ke indawo engaphansi ye-chip groove kufanele ibe nkulu futhi inani lamazinyo okugaya kufanele libe lincane.
② Gaya amazinyo kahle. Inani elibukhali lenqenqema lokusika lamazinyo okusika kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-Ra=0.4um. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ummese omusha, kufanele usebenzise itshe elicolekileyo likawoyela ukuze ulole kancane ingaphambili nangemuva kwamazinyo ombese izikhathi ezimbalwa ukuze ukhiphe ama-burrs kanye nokusanhlamvu okuncane okusele lapho ulola amazinyo. Ngale ndlela, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukushisa okusika kungancishiswa, kodwa futhi i-deformation yokusika incane kakhulu.
③ Lawula ngokuqinile izinga lokuguga lethuluzi. Ngemuva kokuthi ithuluzi ligqokwe, inani lobunzima bomsebenzi liyakhuphuka, izinga lokushisa lokusika liyakhuphuka, futhi ukuguqulwa kwe-workpiece kuyanda. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwezinto zamathuluzi ezinokumelana okuhle kokugqoka, izinga lokugqoka ithuluzi akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-0.2mm, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula ukukhiqiza unqenqema olwakhiwe. Lapho usika, izinga lokushisa le-workpiece akufanele lidlule i-100 ℃ ukuvimbela ukuguquguquka.
3. Thuthukisa indlela yokuhlanganisa ye-workpiece
Ezindaweni zokusebenza ze-aluminium ezinezindonga ezincane ezinokuqina okubi, izindlela zokubopha ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukuwohloka:
①Ezingxenyeni zehlathi ezinezindonga ezincanyana, uma i-chuck enemihlathi emithathu egxile ngaphakathi noma i-spring chuck isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa i-radial, uma isikhishiwe ngemva kokucubungula, ucezu lomsebenzi luzowohloka nakanjani. Ngalesi sikhathi, indlela yokucindezela ubuso bokuphela kwe-axial ngokuqina okungcono kufanele kusetshenziswe. Misa imbobo yangaphakathi yengxenye, yenza i-mandrel ene-threaded, uyifake embotsheni yangaphakathi yengxenye, cindezela ubuso bokugcina nge-cover plate kuyo, bese uyiqinisa nge-nati. Lapho kwenziwa umshini umbuthano wangaphandle, ukuguqulwa kwe-clamping kungagwenywa, ukuze kutholwe ukunemba okwanelisayo kwemishini.
② Lapho ucubungula ama-workpieces anezindonga ezincane nezincane, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa izinkomishi zokumunca i-vacuum ukuze uthole amandla okubamba asakazwa ngokulinganayo, bese ucubungula ngenani elincane lokusika, elingavimbela kahle ukuwohloka kwe-workpiece.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokupakisha ingasetshenziswa futhi. Ukuze ukwandise ukuqina kwenqubo yama-workpieces anezindonga ezincane, i-medium ingagcwaliswa ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguqulwa kwe-workpiece ngesikhathi sokubopha nokusika. Isibonelo, i-urea melt equkethe u-3% kuya ku-6% we-potassium nitrate ithululelwa ku-workpiece. Ngemuva kokucubungula, i-workpiece ingacwiliswa emanzini noma utshwala, futhi isigcwalisi singaqedwa futhi sithululwe.
4. Ukuhlelwa okunengqondo kwezinqubo
Phakathiukusika ngesivinini esikhulu, ngenxa yemvume enkulu yomshini nokusika okuphazamisekile, inqubo yokugaya ngokuvamile ikhiqiza ukudlidliza, okuthinta ukunemba komshini kanye nokuqina kwendawo. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokusika isivinini esikhulu se-CNC ingahlukaniswa ngokujwayelekile ibe: i-roughing-semi-finishing-corner-clearing-finishing nezinye izinqubo. Ezingxenyeni ezinezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu, kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukwenza i-semi-finishing yesibili bese uyaqeda. Ngemuva komshini onzima, izingxenye zingapholiswa ngokwemvelo, kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa umshini onzima nokunciphisa ukuguqulwa. Isibonelelo esishiywe ngemva komshini onzima kufanele sibe sikhulu kunokwakheka, ngokuvamile sibe ngu-1 kuya ku-2 mm. Ngesikhathi sokuqeda, indawo yokuqedela yezingxenye kufanele igcine isibonelelo somshini ofanayo, ngokuvamile i-0.2 ~ 0.5mm, ukuze ithuluzi libe sesimweni esizinzile ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini, okunganciphisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kokusika, ukuthola ikhwalithi enhle yomshini womshini, futhi qinisekisa ukunemba koMkhiqizo.
【2】 amakhono okusebenza ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kokucubungula
Ngaphezu kwezizathu ezingenhla, izingxenye zezingxenye ze-aluminium zikhubazekile ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, indlela yokusebenza nayo ibaluleke kakhulu.
1. Ezingxenyeni ezinesabelo esikhulu semishini, ukuze zibenze zibe nezimo ezingcono zokushisa ukushisa ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini futhi zigweme ukugxila kokushisa, umshini wokulinganisa kufanele wamukelwe ngesikhathi somshini. Uma ishidi eliwugqinsi elingu-90mm lidinga ukucutshungulwa libe ngu-60mm, uma uhlangothi olulodwa lugaywa futhi olunye uhlangothi lugaywa ngokushesha, futhi ubukhulu bokugcina bucutshungulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuvuleka kuzofinyelela ku-5mm; uma icutshungulwa ngokulinganayo ngokuphakelwa okuphindaphindiwe, uhlangothi ngalunye lucutshungulwa kabili ukuze Ubukhulu bokugcina buqinisekise ukucaba okungu-0.3mm.
2. Uma kunezimbotshana eziningi ezingxenyeni zamapuleti, akufanelekile ukusebenzisa indlela yokucubungula ngokulandelana kwe-cavity eyodwa kanye nomgodi owodwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula, okuzokwenza kalula ukuthi izingxenye zikhubazeke ngenxa yokucindezeleka okungalingani. Ukucubungula kwe-Multi-layer kuyamukelwa, futhi isendlalelo ngasinye sicutshungulwa kuzo zonke izimbobo ngesikhathi esifanayo, bese ungqimba olulandelayo lucutshungulwa ukwenza izingxenye zigcizelelwe ngokulinganayo futhi zinciphise ukuguqulwa.
3. Yehlisa amandla okusika nokusika ukushisa ngokushintsha inani lokusika. Phakathi kwezakhi ezintathu zenani lokusika, inani lokubuyela emuva linomthelela omkhulu emandleni okusika. Uma isibonelelo somshini sikhulu kakhulu, amandla okusika wephasi eyodwa makhulu kakhulu, angeke nje akhubaze izingxenye, kodwa futhi athinte ukuqina kwe-spindle yethuluzi lomshini futhi anciphise ukuqina kwethuluzi. Uma inani lemimese okufanele lidliwe ngemuva lincishisiwe, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuzoncipha kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukugaya ngesivinini esikhulu kusetshenziswa kumishini ye-CNC, enganqoba le nkinga. Ngenkathi kunciphisa inani lokusika emuva, inqobo nje uma okuphakelayo kwanda ngokufanele futhi isivinini sethuluzi lomshini sanda, amandla okusika angancishiswa futhi ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kungaqinisekiswa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
4. Ukuhleleka kokuhamba kommese kufanele futhi kunakwe. Ukwenza imishini enzima kugcizelela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komshini kanye nokuphishekela izinga lokususa ngesikhathi seyunithi ngayinye. Ngokuvamile, i-up-cut milling ingasetshenziswa. Okusho ukuthi, ukwaziswa okweqile ebusweni bendawo engenalutho kukhishwa ngesivinini esisheshayo kanye nesikhathi esifushane, futhi i-contour yejometri edingekayo ukuze kuqedwe kwakhiwa ngokuyisisekelo. Nakuba ukuqeda kugcizelela ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu, kuhle ukusebenzisa ukugaya phansi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuqina kokusika kwamazinyo okusika kancane kancane kuncipha kusukela phezulu kuya ku-zero ngesikhathi sokugaya phansi, izinga lokuqina komsebenzi liyancipha kakhulu, futhi izinga lokuguqulwa kwengxenye nalo liyancipha.
5. Ama-workpieces anezindonga ezincane akhubazekile ngenxa yokugoqa ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, futhi ngisho nokuqeda akunakugwenywa. Ukuze unciphise ukuguqulwa kwe-workpiece ibe ubuncane, ungakwazi ukukhulula ucezu olucindezelayo ngaphambi kokuqeda usayizi wokugcina, ukuze i-workpiece ibuyele ngokukhululekile esimweni sayo sokuqala, bese uyicindezela kancane, inqobo nje uma i-workpiece ingaba. kuboshwe (ngokuphelele). Ngokusho kokuzizwa kwesandla), umphumela omuhle wokucubungula ungatholakala ngale ndlela. Ngamafuphi, iphoyinti lesenzo lamandla okubamba kungcono endaweni esekelayo, futhi amandla okubamba kufanele asetshenziswe ekuqondeni kokuqina okuhle kwendawo yokusebenza. Ngokwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-workpiece ayikhululekile, i-clamping force encane, ingcono.
6. Lapho ugaya izingxenye ezinembobo, zama ukungavumeli isisiki sokugaya singene singene ngqo engxenyeni efana ne-drill lapho siklama imbobo, okuholela ekubeni kube nesikhala esanele sokusika isigayo ukuze sikwazi ukwamukela ama-chips kanye nokukhishwa kwe-chip okungekuhle, okuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile, ukwanda. kanye nokuwa kwezingxenye. Imimese, imimese ephukile nezinye izigigaba ezingezinhle. Qala ubhoboze imbobo nge-drill elingana neyomshini wokusika noma usayizi owodwa omkhulu, bese uyigaya ngeumsiki wokugaya. Kungenjalo, isoftware ye-CAM ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izinhlelo ze-helical rundown.
Isici esiyinhloko esithinta ukunemba kwemishini kanye nekhwalithi yangaphezulu yezingxenye ze-aluminium ukuthi izingxenye ezinjalo zijwayele ukuguquguquka phakathi nenqubo yokukhanda, okudinga opharetha ukuba abe nolwazi oluthile lokusebenza namakhono.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-07-2022