Indlela yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokucubungula insimbi engagqwali

Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-carbon structural, izinto zensimbi engagqwali zengezwa nezinto eziyingxubevange ezifana ne-Cr, Ni, N, Nb, ne-Mo. Ukwanda kwalezi zakhi ze-alloying akuthuthukisi nje ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi, kodwa futhi kune-alloying. umphumela kuzakhiwo zemishini yensimbi engagqwali. Isibonelo, i-martensitic stainless steel 4Cr13 inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni efanayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-45 medium carbon steel, kodwa i-machinability yesihlobo i-58% kuphela ye-45 steel; i-austenitic stainless 1Cr18Ni9Ti ingama-40% kuphela, futhi i-austenite-iron Insimbi engagqwali ye-metamorphic duplex inokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kabi komshini.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamaphuzu anzima ekusikeni impahla yensimbi engagqwali:

Emishinini yangempela, ukusika insimbi engagqwali kuvame ukuhambisana nokuvela kwemibese ephukile futhi enamathelayo. Ngenxa yokuguqulwa okukhulu kwepulasitiki yensimbi engagqwali ngesikhathi sokusika, ama-chips akhiqiziwe akulula ukuphulwa futhi kulula ukubopha, okuholela ekusebenzeni kanzima ngesikhathi sokusika. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho inqubo yokusika ikhiqiza ungqimba oluqinile lokusika okulandelayo, futhi izingqimba ziqoqwa, futhi insimbi engagqwali isendleleni yokusika. Ubulukhuni obuphakathi nendawo buba bukhulu futhi bukhulu, futhi amandla okusika adingekayo nawo anda.

Isizukulwane somsebenzi ungqimba oluqinile kanye nokwanda kwamandla okusika nakanjani kuholela ekwandeni kokungqubuzana phakathi kwethuluzi nomsebenzi, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusika liyanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi engagqwali ine-conductivity encane yokushisa kanye nezimo ezimbi zokushisa ukushisa, futhi inani elikhulu lokushisa lokusika ligxila phakathi kwethuluzi nomsebenzi, okonakalisa indawo ecutshunguliwe futhi kuthinte kakhulu ikhwalithi yendawo ecutshunguliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lokusika kuzothuthukisa ukuguga kwethuluzi, kubangele ucezu lwe-rake yobuso bethuluzi, futhi unqenqema lokusika luzoba negebe, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ikhwalithi yendawo yokusebenza, kunciphise ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi futhi kwandise igebe. izindleko zokukhiqiza.

Izindlela zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokucubungula insimbi engagqwali:

Kungabonakala kulokhu okungenhla ukuthi ukucubungula insimbi engagqwali kunzima, futhi isendlalelo esiqinile senziwa kalula ngesikhathi sokusika, futhi ummese uphuka kalula; ama-chips akhiqiziwe awaphulwa kalula, okuholela ekunamatheleni kommese, okuzokwenza kube nzima ukuguga kwethuluzi. Ukucubungula zonke izinhlobo zezinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zensimbi engagqwali ukukhomba imishini ye-Titanium, ngezici zokusika zensimbi engagqwali, kuhlangene nokukhiqizwa kwangempela, siqala ezicini ezintathu zezinto zamathuluzi, imingcele yokusika nezindlela zokupholisa, ukuthola izindlela zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokucubungula insimbi engagqwali.

Okokuqala, ukukhethwa kwezinto zamathuluzi

Ukukhetha ithuluzi elilungile kuyisisekelo sokukhiqiza izingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu. Ithuluzi libi kakhulu ukucubungula izingxenye ezifanelekile. Uma ithuluzi lilihle kakhulu, lingahlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu yengxenye, kodwa kulula ukumosha nokwandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngokuhambisana nokusika insimbi engagqwali, izimo ezimbi zokushisa ukushisa, ungqimba oluqinile lomsebenzi, ukunamathela kalula kommese, njll., ithuluzi elikhethiwe kufanele lihlangabezane nezici zokumelana nokushisa okuhle, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kanye nokuhambisana okuncane nensimbi engagqwali.

1, high speed steel

Insimbi enesivinini esiphezulu iyinsimbi yensimbi ye-alloy ephezulu enezici ze-alloy ezifana ne-W, Mo, Cr, V, Go, njll. Inokusebenza okuhle kwenqubo, amandla amahle nokuqina, nokumelana okuqinile nokushaqeka nokudlidliza. Ingakwazi ukugcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu (i-HRC isengaphezulu kwama-60) ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu okukhiqizwa ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu (i-HRC isengaphezulu kwama-60). Insimbi enesivinini esikhulu inobulukhuni obuhle obubomvu futhi ifanele abasiki bokugaya njengabasiki bokugaya namathuluzi okujika. Ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusika insimbi engagqwali. Indawo yokusika efana nongqimba oluqinile kanye nokungashisi kahle ukushisa.

I-W18Cr4V iyithuluzi elivamile lensimbi elinesivinini esiphezulu. Kusukela yazalwa ngo-1906, iye yasetshenziswa kabanzi kumathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusika. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezakhiwo zemishini yezinto ezihlukahlukene ezicutshungulwayo, amathuluzi e-W18Cr4V awasakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokucubungula zezinto ezinzima. Insimbi ye-cobalt ephezulu yokusebenza okuphezulu izalwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi evamile enesivinini esikhulu, insimbi ye-cobalt enesivinini esiphezulu inokumelana nokugqokwa okungcono, ubulukhuni obubomvu nokuthembeka kokusetshenziswa. Ifanele ukucutshungulwa kwezinga eliphezulu lokukhishwa kanye nokusika okuphazamisekile. Amabanga asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-W12Cr4V5Co5.

2, i-hard alloy steel

I-Cemented carbide iyi-powder metallurgy eyenziwe nge-high-hardness refractory metal carbide (WC, TiC) i-micron-size powder futhi ifakwe i-cobalt noma i-nickel noma i-molybdenum esithandweni somlilo noma esithandweni sokunciphisa i-hydrogen. umkhiqizo. I-carbide enosimende inochungechunge lwezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu njengamandla amahle nokuqina, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nobulukhuni obuphezulu. Futhi ngokuyisisekelo ayishintshile ekushiseni okungu-500 ° C, futhi isenobunzima obuphezulu ku-1000 ° C, futhi ifanele ukusika izinto okunzima ukuzisebenzisa umshini njengensimbi engagqwali nensimbi engashisi. Ama-alloys aqinile ajwayelekile ahlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izigaba ezintathu: i-YG (i-tungsten-cobalt-based cemented carbide), i-YT-based (i-tungsten-titanium-cobalt-based), i-YW-based (tungsten-titanium-tantalum (铌)), ene izingoma ezahlukene. Ukusetshenziswa nakho kuhluke kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, ama-alloys aqinile ohlobo lwe-YG anokuqina okuhle kanye ne-conductivity enhle yokushisa, futhi kungakhethwa i-rake angle enkulu, efanelekile ukusika insimbi engagqwali.
Okwesibili, ukukhethwa kokusika imingcele yejometri yamathuluzi ensimbi engagqwali

I-engeli ye-rake γo: kuhlanganiswe nezici zamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, futhi kunzima ukunqanyulwa ngesikhathi sokusika. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa amandla anele ommese, kufanele kukhethwe i-rake angle enkulu, enganciphisa ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki kwento eyenziwe ngomshini. Iphinde inciphise izinga lokushisa lokusika kanye namandla okusika ngenkathi kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezingqimba eziqinile.

I-engeli yangemuva i-αo: Ukwandisa i-engeli yangemuva kuzonciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwendawo emshinini kanye neflank, kodwa amandla okukhipha ukushisa namandla onqenqema lokusika nakho kuzokwehla. Ubukhulu be-angle yangemuva buncike kubukhulu bokusika. Lapho ubukhulu bokusika bukhulu, i-angle encane yangemuva kufanele ikhethwe.

I-engeli ye-declination eyinhloko engu-kr, i-engeli ye-declination k'r, kanye ne-engeli eyinhloko ye-declination kr ingakhuphula ubude bokusebenza bensingo, okuzuzisa ukushabalalisa ukushisa, kodwa ikhuphule amandla e-radial ngesikhathi sokusika futhi ijwayele ukudlidliza. Inani le-kr livamise ukuba ngu-50. °～90°, uma ukuqina komshini kunganele, kunganyuswa ngendlela efanele. Ukwehla kwesibili kuvame ukuthathwa ngokuthi k'r = 9° kuya ku-15°.

I-engeli yokuthambekela kweblade λs: Ukuze kwandiswe amandla athiphu, i-engeli yokuthambekela kweblade ngokuvamile ithi λs = 7 ° ~ -3 °.
Okwesithathu, ukukhetha ukusika uketshezi nokubandayo

Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwensimbi engagqwali, kunezidingo eziphakeme zokupholisa, ukuthambisa, ukungena kanye nokusebenza kokuhlanza koketshezi olusikayo. Amanzi okusika asetshenziswa kakhulu anezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

I-Emulsion: Kuyindlela evamile yokupholisa enezinto zokupholisa kahle, zokuhlanza nezokugcoba. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ensimbi engagqwali roughing.

Amafutha afakwe isibabule: Angenza i-sulfide ephezulu yokuncibilika endaweni yensimbi ngesikhathi sokusika, futhi akulula ukuphuka lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu. Inomphumela omuhle wokugcoba futhi inomphumela othile wokupholisa. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukubhoboza, ukulungisa kabusha kanye nokuthepha.

Amafutha amaminerali afana nowoyela wenjini namafutha okuphotha: Asebenza kahle ekugcobiseni, kodwa awapholi kahle futhi awakwazi ukungena kalula, futhi afanele izimoto eziqedela umzuliswano wangaphandle.

Umbhobho owuketshezi wokusika kufanele uhambisane nendawo yokusika ngesikhathi sokusika, noma okungcono ngokupholisa umfutho ophakeme, ukupholisa isifutho noma okufanayo.

Ngamafuphi, nakuba insimbi engagqwali ine-machinability empofu, inezinkinga zokuqina komsebenzi onzima, amandla amakhulu okusika, ukuqhutshwa kokushisa okuphansi, ukunamathela kalula, amathuluzi okugqoka okulula, njll. ithuluzi elifanele, indlela yokusika kanye nenani lokusika, khetha ukupholisa okufanele, ukucabanga ngenkuthalo phakathi nomsebenzi, insimbi engagqwali nezinye izinto ezinzima nazo zizohlangabezana nesixazululo "seblade".