Unjiniyela wezinqubo zemishini onekhono kumele abe nekhono ekucubunguleni isicelo semishini futhi abe nolwazi oluphelele lomkhakha wemishini.
Unjiniyela wezinqubo ezisebenzayo unokuqonda okuphelele kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemishini yokucubungula, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, izici zesakhiwo, nokunemba kwemishini ngaphakathi kwemboni yemishini. Bangakwazi ukuhlela ngobuhlakani okokusebenza okuthile ngaphakathi kwamafekthri abo ukuze bathuthukise ukwakheka kwezingxenye ezahlukene zokucubungula nezinqubo. Ukwengeza, bayawazi amandla abo okucubungula kanye nobuthakathaka futhi bangasebenzisa amandla abo ngempumelelo ngenkathi benciphisa ubuthakathaka babo ukuze baxhumanise umsebenzi womshini wenkampani.
Ake siqale ngokuhlaziya nokuqonda imishini ehlukahlukene yokucubungula evame ukusetshenziswa embonini yemishini. Lokhu kuzosinika incazelo ecacile yemishini yokucubungula ngokombono ongokoqobo. Sizophinda sihlaziye lezi zisetshenziswa zokucubungula ngokwethiyori ukuze silungiselele kangcono umsebenzi wethu wesikhathi esizayo futhi sithuthukise amakhono ethu. Ukugxila kwethu kuzoba ezintweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokucubungula ezifana nokujika, ukugaya, ukuhlela, ukugaya, ukubhora, ukubhola, nokusika izintambo. Sizonaba ngohlobo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, izici zesakhiwo, nokunemba komshini wale mishini yokucubungula.
1. Lathi
1) Uhlobo lwe-lathe
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-lathes. Ngokwemanuwali ye-machining technician, kunezinhlobo ezingafika ku-77. Izigaba ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa amalebula ensimbi, amalebula azenzakalelayo e-eksisi eyodwa, amalebula azenzakalelayo e-axis amaningi, ama-return wheel noma ama-turret lathes, ama-crankshaft nama-camshaft lathes, amalele aqondile, amalebula aphansi navundlile, ukwenza iphrofayela namalebula amathuluzi amaningi, i-axle roller ingots, kanye nezinsimbi zezinyo lefosholo. Lezi zigaba ziphinde zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezincane, okuholela enanini elihlukahlukene lezinhlobo. Embonini yemishini, ama-lathe aqondile navundlile ayizinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi angatholakala cishe kuzo zonke izilungiselelo zemishini.
2) Ububanzi bokucubungula kwe-lathe
Ngokuyinhloko sikhetha izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile ze-lathe ukuchaza ububanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza zomshini.
A. I-lathe evundlile iyakwazi ukuphendukisa indawo yangaphakathi nengaphandle yesilinda, indawo eyikholi, indawo ejikelezayo, imisele enyakazayo, izigaba, nemicu ehlukahlukene. Ingase futhi yenze izinqubo ezifana nokubhola, ukulungisa kabusha, ukuthepha, ukucupha, nokugoqa. Nakuba ama-lathe avamile avundlile ane-automation ephansi futhi ahilela isikhathi esengeziwe esiwusizo enqubweni yokwenza imishini, uhla lwazo olubanzi lokucubungula kanye nokusebenza okuhle kukonke kuholele ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi embonini yemishini. Zibhekwa njengemishini ebalulekile embonini yethu yemishini futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yokwenza imishini.
B. Izintambo eziqondile zifanele ukucubungula izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zefreyimu kanye negobolondo, kanye nokusebenza endaweni yangaphakathi nangaphandle ye-cylindrical, indawo ye-conical, ubuso bokuphela, ama-grooves, ukusika nokubhoboza, ukunwetshwa, ukuvuselela kabusha, nezinye izinqubo zengxenye. Ngamathuluzi angeziwe, angakwazi futhi ukwenza ukuthunga, ukujika ubuso, ukwenza iphrofayela, ukugaya, nezinqubo zokugaya.
3) Ukunemba komshini we-lathe
A. I-lathe evundlile evamile inokunemba komshini okulandelayo: Ukujikeleza: 0.015mm; I-Cylindricity: 0.02/150mm; I-Flat: 0.02/¢ 150mm; Ubulukhuni bobuso: 1.6Ra/μm.
B. Ukunemba komshini we-lathe kungokulandelayo:
Ukujikeleza: 0.02mm
Ubukhulu be-cylindricity: 0.01mm
Ububanzi: 0.03 mm
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa manani angamaphoyinti ahlobene. Ukunemba kwangempela komshini kungahluka ngokusekelwe ezicacisweni zomenzi kanye nezimo zokuhlanganisa. Kodwa-ke, ngokunganaki ukushintshashintsha, ukunemba komshini kufanele kuhlangabezane nezinga likazwelonke lalolu hlobo lwemishini. Uma izimfuneko zokunemba zingafinyelelwa, umthengi unelungelo lokwenqaba ukwamukela nokukhokha.
2. Umshini wokugaya
1) Uhlobo lomshini wokugaya
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokugaya zihluke kakhulu futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwemanuwali ye-machining technician, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 ezihlukene. Kodwa-ke, izigaba ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa imishini yokugaya insimbi, imishini yokugaya i-cantilever nenqama, imishini yokugaya i-gantry, imishini yokugaya indiza, imishini yokugaya ikhophi, imishini yokugaya itafula ephakamisa phezulu, imishini yokugaya itafula evundlile, imishini yokugaya imibhede, nemishini yokugaya ithuluzi. Lezi zigaba ziphinde zihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningi ezincane, ngasinye sinezinombolo ezihlukene. Embonini yemishini, izinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yisikhungo somshini esime mpo kanye nesikhungo semishini ye-gantry. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zemishini yokugaya zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni imishini, futhi sizonikeza isingeniso esijwayelekile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwale mishini emibili yokugaya ejwayelekile.
2) Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa komshini wokugaya
Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zemishini yokugaya kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene, sizogxila ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezidumile: izikhungo zokuma mpo kanye nezikhungo ze-gantry machining.
Isikhungo somshini esime mpo siwumshini wokugaya we-CNC ome mpo onephephabhuku lamathuluzi. Isici sawo esiyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi e-rotary ane-multi-edge yokusika, okuvumela ukucutshungulwa okuhlukahlukene kwendawo, okuhlanganisa indiza, i-groove, izingxenye zamazinyo, kanye nezindawo ezi-spiral. Ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-CNC, uhla lokucubungula lwalolu hlobo lomshini luye lwathuthukiswa kakhulu. Ingenza imisebenzi yokugaya, kanye nokubhola, ukubhora, ukulungisa kabusha, kanye nokuthepha, ikwenze kusebenze kabanzi futhi kudume.
B, isikhungo semishini ye-gantry: uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhungo sokuma mpo esiqondile, isikhungo semishini ye-gantry siyinhlanganisela yomshini wokugaya we-CNC gantry kanye nomagazini wamathuluzi; ebangeni lokucutshungulwa, isikhungo semishini ye-gantry cishe sinawo wonke amandla okucubungula esikhungo esijwayelekile sokuma mpo futhi singakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokucutshungulwa kwamathuluzi amakhulu asesimweni sezingxenye, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunenzuzo enkulu kakhulu ekucutshungulweni. ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunemba kwemishini, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwesikhungo sokwenza imishini ye-axis emihlanu yokuxhumanisa, uhla lwayo lokucubungula seluthuthukisiwe kakhulu, Selubeke isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza yaseChina ekuqondeni kokunemba okuphezulu.
3) Ukunemba kwemishini yomshini wokugaya:
A. Isikhungo semishini esiqondile:
I-Flat: 0.025/300mm; Ukweqisa okungahluziwe: 1.6Ra/μm.
Isikhungo semishini ye-B. Gantry:
I-Flat: 0.025/300mm; Ubulukhuni bobuso: 2.5Ra/μm.
Ukunemba komshini okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kuyinkomba ehlobene futhi akuqinisekisi ukuthi yonke imishini yokugaya izohlangabezana naleli zinga. Amamodeli amaningi omshini wokugaya angase abe nokuhluka okuthile ekunembeni kwawo ngokusekelwe ezicacisweni zomkhiqizi nezimo zokuhlanganisa. Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki inani lokuhluka, ukunemba komshini kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezijwayelekile zikazwelonke zalolu hlobo lwemishini. Uma okokusebenza okuthengiwe kungahlangabezani nezimfuneko zokunemba kwezinga likazwelonke, umthengi unelungelo lokwenqaba ukwamukelwa nokukhokha.
3. Umhleli
1) Uhlobo lomhleli
Uma kuziwa kumalathe, imishini yokugaya, namapulani, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamapulani. Imanuwali ye-machining technician ithi cishe kunezinhlobo ezingu-21 zamapulani, okuvame kakhulu ukuba abahleli be-cantilever, ama-gantry planer, ama-bullhead planer, ama-edge and mold planers, nokuningi. Lezi zigaba ziphinde zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo ye-planer. I-bullhead planer kanye ne-gantry planer yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yemishini. Emfanekisweni ohambisana nalesi sihloko, sizohlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kanye nesingeniso kulawa mapulani amabili ajwayelekile.
2) Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kweplanethi
Ukunyakaza kokusika kweplanethi kuhilela ukunyakaza komugqa oya emuva naphambili wocezu lokusebenza olucutshungulwayo. Ifaneleka kakhulu ukubumba izindawo eziyisicaba, ezinama-engeli, nezigobile. Nakuba ikwazi ukuphatha izindawo ezihlukahlukene ezigobile, isivinini sayo sokucubungula silinganiselwe ngenxa yezimpawu zayo. Phakathi ne-stroke yokubuyisela, i-planeer cutter ayifaki isandla ekucubunguleni, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwe-stroke okungenzi lutho kanye nokusebenza kahle kokucubungula okuphansi.
Intuthuko ekulawuleni izinombolo kanye ne-automation iholele ekushintshweni kancane kancane kwezindlela zokuhlela. Lolu hlobo lwemishini yokucubungula alukaboni ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile noma izinto ezintsha, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo zokumaka eziqondile, izikhungo ze-gantry machining, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamathuluzi okucubungula. Ngenxa yalokho, abahleli babhekana nokuncintisana okunzima futhi babhekwa njengabangasebenzi kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zesimanje.
3) Ukunemba komshini weplanethi
Ukunemba kokuhlela ngokuvamile kungafinyelela izinga lokunemba le-IT10-IT7. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekucutshungulweni kwendawo yesitimela ewumhlahlandlela omude yamathuluzi emishini emikhulu. Ingakwazi ngisho nokuthatha indawo yenqubo yokugaya, eyaziwa ngokuthi “i-fine planing esikhundleni sokugaya kahle” indlela yokucubungula.
4. Igrinder
1) Uhlobo lomshini wokugaya
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemishini yokucubungula, cishe kunezinhlobo ezihlukene ezingu-194 zemishini yokugaya, njengoba kushiwo encwadini yemanuwali kachwepheshe bemishini. Lezi zinhlobo zihlanganisa izinsimbi zokugaya, izigayi eziyicylindrical, izigayi zangaphakathi eziyicylindrical, izigayi ezididiyelwe, izigayi zikaloliwe eziqondisayo, izigayi ze-cutter edge, indiza nokugaya ubuso, i-crankshaft/camshaft/spline/roll grinders, imishini yokugaya, imishini yokugcwalisa kakhulu, imishini yokuphonsela incithakalo yangaphakathi. eminye imishini yokucija, imishini yokupholisha, imishini yokupholisha ibhande neyokugaya, amathuluzi omshini wokugaya nokugaya, amathuluzi omshini wokugaya, omshini wokugaya, imishini yokugaya, imishini yokugaya i-ball bearing ring groove, imishini yokugaya i-roller bearing ring, imishini yokugaya indandatho, ukugaya ama-blade. amathuluzi omshini, amathuluzi omshini wokucubungula ama-roller, amathuluzi omshini wokucubungula amabhola ensimbi, amathuluzi omshini wokugaya i-valve/piston/piston, amathuluzi omshini wokugaya imoto/ugandaganda, nezinye izinhlobo. Njengoba ukuhlukaniswa kubanzi futhi imishini eminingi yokugaya iqondene nezimboni ezithile, lesi sihloko sigxile ekunikezeni isingeniso esiyisisekelo semishini yokugaya evame ukusetshenziswa embonini yemishini, ikakhulukazi imishini yokugaya eyi-cylindrical kanye nemishini yokugaya phezulu.
2) Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa komshini wokugaya
A.Umshini wokugaya oyi-cylindrical usetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukucubungula indawo yangaphandle ye-cylindrical noma i-conical shapes, kanye nobuso bokugcina behlombe. Lo mshini unikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu kokucubungula nokunemba komshini. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekucutshungulweni kwezingxenye ezinemba okuphezulu ekwenzeni imishini, ikakhulukazi kunqubo yokugcina yokuqeda. Lo mshini uqinisekisa ukunemba kosayizi wejiyomethri futhi ufinyelela izimfuneko eziphakeme zokuqeda indawo, okuwenza ube ucezu lwesisetshenziswa esibalulekile enqubweni yokwenza imishini.
B,I-surface grinder isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukucubungula indiza, indawo yesinyathelo, uhlangothi, nezinye izingxenye. Isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yemishini, ikakhulukazi ukucubungula izingxenye ezinemba kakhulu. Umshini wokugaya ubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba komshini futhi uyisinqumo sokugcina sabasebenzisi abaningi bokugaya. Iningi labasebenzi abahlanganisayo ezimbonini zokuhlanganisa imishini kudingeka babe nekhono lokusebenzisa i-surface grinder, njengoba benomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza umsebenzi wokugaya amaphedi okulungisa ahlukahlukene enqubweni yokuhlanganisa besebenzisa izigayi zangaphezulu.
3) Ukunemba kwemishini yomshini wokugaya
A. Ukunemba komshini womshini wokugaya oyicylindrical:
Ukujikeleza kanye nesilinda: 0.003mm, ukuhwaqeka kwendawo: 0.32Ra/μm.
B. Ukunemba komshini womshini wokugaya ongaphezulu:
Ukufana: 0.01/300mm; Ubulukhuni bobuso: 0.8Ra/μm.
Kusukela ekunembeni kwemishini engenhla, singabona futhi ngokucacile ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-lathe yangaphambilini, umshini wokugaya, i-planer nezinye izinto zokucubungula, umshini wokugaya ungafinyelela ukunemba okuphezulu kokubekezelelana kokuziphatha kanye nobulukhuni bobuso, ngakho-ke ekuqedeni inqubo yezingxenye eziningi, ukugaya. umshini usetshenziswa kabanzi futhi kabanzi.
5. Umshini oyisicefe
1) Uhlobo lomshini oyisicefe
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zangaphambilini zemishini yokucubungula, umshini oyisicefe ubhekwa njengokhethekile. Ngokwezibalo zochwepheshe bemishini, cishe kunezinhlobo ezingama-23 ezihlukaniswe njengomshini wokubhoboza wemigodi ejulile, umshini odidiyela isicefe, umshini obhorekayo oma mpo, umshini wokugaya ovundlile, umshini omuhle oyisicefe, nomshini oyisicefe wokukhanda ugandaganda wemoto. Umshini osetshenziswa kakhulu oyisicefe embonini yemishini umshini wokudidiyela isidina, esizokwethula kafushane futhi sihlaziye izici zawo.
2) Ububanzi bokucubungula komshini oyisicefe
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini eyisicefe. Kulesi singeniso esifushane, sizogxila emshinini wokudidiyela oyisicefe. Umshini wokudidiyela oyisicefe iyithuluzi lomshini wokunemba onedivayisi yokumisa enembile yokuhlanganisa. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu izimbobo eziyisicefe ezinosayizi oqondile, umumo, kanye nezidingo zendawo. Ingakwazi ukubhola, ukulungisa kabusha, ibheke ekugcineni, i-grooving, ukugaya, ukukala ukuhlanganisa, ukukala ngokunemba, ukumaka, neminye imisebenzi. Inikeza ububanzi obuningi bamakhono okucubungula okuthembekile.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-CNC, ikakhulukazi i-CNCisevisi yokwenziwa kwensimbikanye nemishini yokugaya evundlile, indima yemishini eyisicefe njengemishini yokucubungula imbobo eyinhloko iphikiswa kancane kancane. Noma kunjalo, kunezici ezithile ezingenakushintshwa kule mishini. Ngaphandle kokuthi imishini isiphelelwe yisikhathi noma intuthuko, inqubekela phambili ayinakugwenywa embonini yokwenza imishini. Kukhombisa intuthuko kanye nokwenza ngcono kwezobuchwepheshe embonini yezokukhiqiza yezwe lethu.
3) Ukunemba kwemishini yomshini oyisicefe
Umshini wokudidiyela oyisicefe ngokuvamile unokunemba kobubanzi bembobo ye-IT6-7 kanye nobulukhuni obungaphezulu obungu-0.4-0.8Ra/μm. Kodwa-ke, kunenkinga ebalulekile ekucutshungulweni komshini oyisicefe, ikakhulukazi lapho usebenza nezingxenye zensimbi ezisansimbi; waziwa ngokuthi “umsebenzi ongcolile.” Kungaholela endaweni engabonakali, eyonakele, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi okokusebenza kuzoshintshwa ngokuzayo ngenxa yokukhathazeka okungokoqobo. Phela, ukubukeka kunendaba, futhi nakuba abaningi bengase bangakuqapheli, kusadingeka silondoloze ubuso bokulondoloza izindinganiso eziphakeme.
6. umshini wokumba
1) Uhlobo lomshini wokumba
Imishini esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yemishini umshini wokumba. Cishe yonke imboni yokwenza imishini izoba neyodwa okungenani. Ngalesi sisetshenziswa, kulula ukumangalela ukuthi usebhizinisini lokwenza imishini. Ngokwebhukwana lochwepheshe bemishini, cishe kunezinhlobo ezihlukene ezingama-38 zemishini yokumba, okuhlanganisa ukudidiyela imishini yokumba ebhokayo, imishini yokumba imigodi ejulile, imishini yokumba i-radial, imishini yokumba i-desktop, imishini yokumba eqondile, imishini yokumba evundlile, imishini yokugaya, umgodi ophakathi nendawo. imishini yokumba, nokunye. Umshini wokumba i-radial yiwona osetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yemishini futhi uthathwa njengemishini ejwayelekile yokwenza imishini. Ngayo, cishe kungenzeka ukusebenza kulo mkhakha. Ngakho-ke, ake sigxile ekwethuleni lolu hlobo lomshini wokumba.
2) Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa komshini wokumba
Inhloso eyinhloko ye-radial drill ukubhoboza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemigodi. Ukwengeza, ingakwazi nokwenza kabusha, i-counterboring, ukuthepha, nezinye izinqubo. Nokho, ukunemba kwendawo yembobo yomshini kungase kungabi phezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ezingxenyeni ezidinga ukunemba okuphezulu ekumiseni imbobo, kuhle ukugwema ukusebenzisa umshini wokumba.
3) Ukunemba kwemishini yomshini wokumba
Ngokuyisisekelo, akukho ukunemba kwemishini nhlobo; kuwukubhoboza nje.
7. Ukusika ucingo
Ngisazozuza ulwazi oluningi ngemishini yokusika izintambo, ngakho-ke angikakaqongelele ulwazi oluningi kule ndawo. Ngakho-ke, kusamele ngenze ucwaningo oluningi ngayo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo embonini yemishini kulinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke, isabambe inani eliyingqayizivele, ikakhulukazi ukuvala nokucutshungulwa kwezingxenye ezimise okukhethekile. Inezinzuzo ezithile ezihambisanayo, kodwa ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo okuphansi kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemishini ye-laser, imishini yokusika izintambo ikhishwa kancane kancane embonini.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-05-2024