Insimbi engagqwali yeIzingxenye ze-CNC Machiningingenye yezinto zensimbi ezivame kakhulu emsebenzini wezinsimbi. Ukuqonda ulwazi lwensimbi engagqwali kuzosiza abaqhubi bezinsimbi ekukhetheni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinsimbi ezingcono kakhulu.
Insimbi engagqwali isifinyezo sensimbi engagqwali nensimbi engamelana ne-asidi. Insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nemithombo ebuthakathaka yokugqwala efana nomoya, isitimu namanzi noma enempahla engagqwali ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali; Insimbi imelana ne-chemical corrosion medium (acid, alkali, salt and other chemical etching) ibizwa ngensimbi engamelana ne-asidi.
Insimbi engagqwali isho insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala okubuthakathaka njengomoya, isitimu namanzi kanye nemidiya yokufaka amakhemikhali njenge-asidi, i-alkali nosawoti, eyaziwa nangokuthi insimbi engagqwali engamelana ne-asidi. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, insimbi imelana nendawo engaqinile yokugqwala ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engagqwali, kuyilapho insimbi imelana namakhemikhali ibizwa ngokuthi insimbi engamelana ne-asidi. Ngenxa yomehluko ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwalokhu okubili, eyokuqala ayimelani ngempela nokugqwala okuphakathi kwamakhemikhali, kuyilapho yakamuva ngokuvamile ayinabala. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali kuncike ezintweni ze-alloy eziqukethwe ensimbi.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuvamile
Ngokuvamile, ihlukaniswe yaba:
Ngokuvamile, ngokwesakhiwo se-metallographic, izinsimbi ezingenasici ezijwayelekile zihlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu: izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic, izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-ferritic nezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-martensitic. Ngokwesisekelo salezi zakhiwo ezintathu eziyisisekelo ze-metallographic, insimbi yesigaba esikabili, insimbi eyenza imvula ibe lukhuni nensimbi ye-alloy ephezulu enensimbi engaphansi kuka-50% itholelwe izidingo nezinjongo ezithile.
1. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic.
I-matrix ngokuyinhloko iyisakhiwo se-austenitic (isigaba se-CY) esinesakhiwo sekristalu eyi-cubic egxile ebusweni, esingenazibuthe, futhi siqiniswa kakhulu (futhi singaholela kumagnetism athile) ngokusebenza okubandayo. I-American Iron and Steel Institute ikhonjiswa ngezinombolo zochungechunge ezingama-200 nezingu-300, njenge-304.
2. Ferritic insimbi engagqwali.
I-matrix ngokuyinhloko iyisakhiwo se-ferrite (isigaba a) esinesakhiwo sekristalu eyi-cubic egxile emzimbeni, esingakazibuthe, futhi ngokuvamile asikwazi ukwenziwa lukhuni ngokwelashwa kokushisa, kodwa singaqiniswa kancane ukusebenza okubandayo. I-American Iron and Steel Institute imakwe ku-430 no-446.
3. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic.
I-matrix iyisakhiwo se-martensitic (i-cubic egxile emzimbeni noma i-cubic), kazibuthe, futhi izakhiwo zayo zemishini zingalungiswa ngokwelashwa kokushisa. I-American Iron and Steel Institute iboniswa izinombolo 410, 420, kanye ne-440. I-Martensite inesakhiwo se-austenitic ekushiseni okuphezulu. Uma ipholile ekamelweni lokushisa ngesilinganiso esifanele, isakhiwo se-austenitic singaguqulwa sibe i-martensite (okungukuthi, iqiniswe).
4. Austenitic ferritic (duplex) insimbi engagqwali.
I-matrix inazo zombili izakhiwo zezigaba ezimbili ze-austenite ne-ferrite, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-matrix yesigaba esincane ngokuvamile kungaphezu kuka-15%, okuwuzibuthe futhi okungaqiniswa ukusebenza okubandayo. I-329 iyinsimbi engagqwali eyiduplex ejwayelekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, insimbi yesigaba esikabili inamandla aphezulu, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kwe-intergranular, ukugqwala kokucindezeleka kwe-chloride kanye nokugqwala kwe-pitting kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu.
5. Izulu liqinisa insimbi engagqwali.
Insimbi engagqwali i-matrix yayo iyi-austenitic noma i-martensitic futhi ingaba lukhuni ngokwelashwa kokuqina kwemvula. I-American Iron and Steel Institute imakwe ngezinombolo zochungechunge ezingama-600, njenge-630, okungukuthi 17-4PH.
Ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kwe-alloy, insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Insimbi engagqwali yeFerritic ingasetshenziswa emvelweni ngokugqwala okuphansi. Emvelweni enokugqwala okuncane, insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kanye nemvula eqinisa insimbi engagqwali ingasetshenziswa uma impahla idingeka ukuze ibe namandla aphezulu noma ubulukhuni.
Izimpawu nenjongo
Ubuchwepheshe bomphezulu
Ukuhlukaniswa kokuqina
1. Ngoba ohlelweni lokugingqika lwemishini yezitshalo zensimbi, umqulu ukhubazekile kancane ngenxa yokushisisa, okuholela ekuphambukeni kogqinsi lwepuleti eligoqiwe. Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu obuphakathi buncane ezinhlangothini zombili. Lapho ukala ubukhulu bepuleti, ingxenye ephakathi yekhanda lepuleti izolinganiswa ngokuvumelana nemithetho kazwelonke.
2. Ukubekezelelana kuvame ukuhlukaniswa kube ukubekezelelana okukhulu nokubekezelelana okuncane ngokuya ngesidingo semakethe kanye nekhasimende:
Ngokwesibonelo
Amabanga ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa kakhulu kanye nezakhiwo zamathuluzi
1. 304 insimbi engagqwali. Ingenye yezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinenani elikhulu lezicelo. Ilungele ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezakhiwe ngomdwebo ojulile, amapayipi adlulisa i-asidi, imikhumbi, izingxenye zesakhiwo, imizimba yamathuluzi ahlukahlukene, njll., kanye nemishini nezingxenye ezingezona uzibuthe nezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa.
2. 304L insimbi engagqwali. I-ultra-low carbon austenitic insimbi engagqwali ethuthukisiwe ukuxazulula ukuthambekela okukhulu kwe-intergranular corrosion ye-304 insimbi engagqwali okubangelwa imvula ye-Cr23C6 ngaphansi kwezinye izimo, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe kwe-intergranular kungcono kakhulu kunensimbi engagqwali engama-304. Ngaphandle kwamandla aphansi, ezinye izakhiwo ziyafana nensimbi engagqwali engu-321. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi okokusebenza okumelana nokugqwala kanye nezingxenye ezidinga ukushiselwa kodwa ezingeke zelashwe ngesisombululo, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza imizimba yezinsimbi ehlukahlukene.
3. 304H insimbi engagqwali. Egatsheni langaphakathi lensimbi engagqwali engu-304, ingxenyenamba ye-carbon mass ingu-0.04% - 0.10%, futhi ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kungaphezu kwensimbi engagqwali engu-304.
4. 316 insimbi engagqwali. Ukwengezwa kwe-molybdenum ngesisekelo sensimbi engu-10Cr18Ni12 kwenza insimbi ibe nokumelana okuhle nokunciphisa ukugqwala okuphakathi nendawo. Emanzini olwandle nakweminye imidiya, ukumelana nokugqwala kuphakeme kunensimbi engagqwali engu-304, esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukufaka izinto ezivimbela ukugqwala.
5. 316L insimbi engagqwali. I-Ultra low carbon steel, ekwazi ukumelana kahle nokugqwala kwe-intergranular, ifaneleka ukukhiqiza izingxenye zokushisela usayizi wesigaba esiwugqinsi, njengezinto ezilwa nokugqwala emishinini ye-petrochemical.
6. 316H insimbi engagqwali. Egatsheni langaphakathi le-316 yensimbi engagqwali, ingxenyenamba ye-carbon mass ingu-0.04% - 0.10%, futhi ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa kungaphezu kwalokho kwe-316 stainless steel.
7. 317 insimbi engagqwali. Ukumelana ne-pitting corrosion and creep iphakeme kune-316L yensimbi engagqwali. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imishini ye-petrochemical kanye ne-organic acid ukumelana.
8. 321 insimbi engagqwali. I-Titanium stabilized austenitic stainless steel ingathathelwa indawo yi-ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe kwe-intergranular kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zomshini wokushisa okuphezulu. Ngaphandle kwezikhathi ezikhethekile ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-hydrogen, ngokuvamile akunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe.
9. 347 insimbi engagqwali. I-Niobium izinzile i-austenitic stainless steel. Ukwengezwa kwe-niobium kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo ku-asidi, i-alkali, usawoti kanye neminye imithombo yezindaba egqwalayo kuyafana nensimbi engagqwali engu-321. Ngokusebenza kahle kwe-welding, ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zombili ezimelana nokugqwala kanye nensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emandleni ashisayo nasezindaweni ze-petrochemical, njengokwenza imikhumbi, amapayipi, izishintshi zokushisa, ama-shafts, amashubhu omlilo ezithandweni zezimboni, nama-thermometers eshubhu lomlilo.
10. 904L insimbi engagqwali. I-Super complete austenitic stainless steel iyinsimbi engagqwali eyi-austenitic eyaqanjwa yi-OUTOKUMPU Company yase-Finland. Ingxenye yayo ye-nickel mass ingama-24% - 26%, kanti ingxenyena ye-carbon mass ingaphansi kuka-0.02%. Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kuma-asidi angenayo i-oxidizing njenge-sulfuric acid, i-acetic acid, i-formic acid ne-phosphoric acid, kanye nokumelana kahle nokugqwala kokugqwala kanye nokugqwala kwengcindezi. Isebenza ekugxilisweni okuhlukahlukene kwe-sulfuric acid engaphansi kuka-70 ℃, futhi inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kwe-acetic yanoma yikuphi ukugxila kanye nezinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi evamile kanye ne-asidi exubile ye-formic acid ne-acetic acid. Izinga langempela le-ASMESB-625 liyihlukanise njenge-nickel base alloy, futhi izinga elisha layihlukanisa njengensimbi engagqwali. E-China, kukhona kuphela uhlobo olufanayo lwensimbi engu-015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2. Abakhiqizi bezinsimbi abambalwa baseYurophu basebenzisa insimbi engagqwali engu-904L njengento ebalulekile. Isibonelo, ishubhu yokulinganisa ye-E+H mass flowmeter isebenzisa insimbi engagqwali engu-904L, futhi ikesi lamawashi e-Rolex lisebenzisa insimbi engagqwali engu-904L.
11. 440C insimbi engagqwali. Ukuqina kwensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic, insimbi engagqwali eqinile nensimbi engagqwali kuphakeme kakhulu, futhi ukuqina yi-HRC57. Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-nozzles, ama-bearings, ama-valve cores, izihlalo ze-valve, imikhono, iziqu ze-valve, njll.
12. 17-4PH insimbi engagqwali. Imvula ye-Martensitic eyenza lukhuni insimbi engagqwali, enobulukhuni be-HRC44, inamandla aphezulu, ubulukhuni nokumelana nokugqwala, futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-300 ℃. Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle emkhathini kanye ne-asidi ehlanjululwe noma usawoti. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kuyafana nensimbi engagqwali engama-304 kanye nensimbi engagqwali engama-430. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizaIzingxenye ze-CNC Machining, ama-turbine blades, ama-valve cores, izihlalo zamavalvu, imikhono, iziqu zamavalvu, njll.
Kumsebenzi wezinsimbi, ngokuhambisana nezinkinga zomhlaba wonke kanye nezindleko, i-oda elijwayelekile lokukhetha le-austenitic stainless steel 304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L insimbi engagqwali, lapho i-317 isetshenziswa kancane, i-321 ayisetshenziswanga. Kunconywa, i-347 isetshenziselwa ukumelana nokugqwala kokushisa okuphezulu, i-904L iyinto ezenzakalelayo ezinye izingxenye zabakhiqizi ngabanye, futhi i-904L ayikhethwanga ngokusebenzayo ekwakhiweni.
Ekwakhiweni nasekukhethweni kwezinsimbi, kuvame ukuba nezikhathi lapho impahla yensimbi ihlukile kunempahla yepayipi, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukunakekela okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ukuthi ukukhethwa kwezinto zensimbi kuyahlangabezana yini nezinga lokushisa lokuklama kanye nengcindezi yokuklama ukucubungula imishini noma amapayipi. Isibonelo, ipayipi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lensimbi ye-chromium molybdenum, kuyilapho insimbi iyinsimbi engagqwali. Kulokhu, izinkinga zingenzeka, futhi kufanele uthintane nesilinganiso sokushisa nengcindezi yezinto ezifanele.
Enqubweni yokuklama insimbi nokukhetha kohlobo, sivame ukuhlangana nensimbi engagqwali yamasistimu ahlukene, uchungechunge namabhrendi. Lapho sikhetha uhlobo, kufanele sicabangele izinkinga ezivela emibonweni eminingi efana nenqubo ethile yemidiya, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izingxenye ezigcizelelwe, ukugqwala kanye nezindleko.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-17-2022