Ungabala kanjani isivinini sokusika kanye nesivinini sokuphakela kwesikhungo somshini we-CNC?

Isivinini sokusika kanye nesivinini sokuphakela kwesikhungo somshini we-CNC:

 

1: isivinini sokuphotha = 1000vc / π D

 

2. Isivinini esikhulu sokusika samathuluzi ajwayelekile (VC): insimbi yejubane eliphezulu 50 m / min; ithuluzi elinzima kakhulu 150 m / min; ithuluzi camera 250 m / min; ithuluzi ledayimane le-ceramic 1000 m / min 3 processing alloy steel Brinell hardness = 275-325 high speed steel tool vc = 18m / min; Ithuluzi le-carbide elisikiwe vc = 70m / min (okusalungiswa = 3mm; izinga lokuphakelayo f = 0.3mm / R)cnc turning ingxenye

  

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokubala zejubane lokuphotha, njengoba kukhonjisiwe esibonelweni esilandelayo:

 

① isivinini sokuphotha: eyodwa yi-g97 S1000, okusho ukuthi isipindle sizungeza ama-revolution angu-1000 ngomzuzu, okungukuthi, isivinini esingaguquki.cnc machining ingxenye

 

Enye ukuthi i-G96 S80 iyijubane eliwumugqa ongaguquki, okuyijubane lokuphotha elinqunywa indawo yokusebenza.ingxenye eyenziwe ngomshini

 

Kukhona nezinhlobo ezimbili zesivinini sokuphakelayo, i-G94 F100, ekhombisa ukuthi ibanga lokusika ngomzuzu owodwa ngu-100 mm. Enye yi-g95 F0.1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesiphakeli sethuluzi ngu-0.1mm ngokuphenduka ngakunye kwe-spindle. Ukukhethwa kwethuluzi lokusika kanye nokuzimisela kwenani lokusika ekusetshenzisweni kwe-NC kuyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bemishini ye-NC. Akuthinti nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yamathuluzi omshini we-NC, kodwa futhi kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yomshini.

 

Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-CAD / CAM, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ngokuqondile idatha yokuklama ye-CAD ku-NC machining, ikakhulukazi uxhumano lwe-microcomputer kanye nethuluzi lomshini we-NC, okwenza yonke inqubo yokuklama, ukuhlelwa kwenqubo nokuhlela kuphelele kukhompyutha. , futhi ngokuvamile ayidingi ukukhipha imibhalo yenqubo ekhethekile.

 

Njengamanje, amaphakheji amaningi esoftware ye-CAD/CAM ahlinzeka ngemisebenzi yokuhlela ezenzakalelayo. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuvamile zibangela izinkinga ezifanele zokuhlela inqubo kusixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo, njengokukhethwa kwamathuluzi, ukuhlela indlela yokwenza, ukumisa ipharamitha yokusika, njll. Umhleli angakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo izinhlelo ze-NC futhi azidlulisele ethuluzini lomshini we-NC ukuze zicutshungulwe inqobo nje uma ubeka imingcele efanele.

 

Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okusika kanye nokuzimisela kwemingcele yokusika emishinini ye-NC kuqedwa ngaphansi kwesimo sokusebenzisana kwekhompyutha yomuntu, okuphambene kakhulu nomshini ojwayelekile wethuluzi lomshini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kudinga futhi ukuthi abahleli bezinhlelo bazi kahle imigomo eyisisekelo yokukhetha amathuluzi kanye nokunqunywa kwamapharamitha okusika, futhi bacabangele ngokugcwele izici ze-NC machining lapho kuhlelwa.

 

I. izinhlobo nezici zamathuluzi wokusika ajwayelekile wemishini ye-CNC

 

Amathuluzi omshini we-NC kufanele avumelane nezici zejubane eliphezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, ngokuvamile ahlanganisa amathuluzi wendawo yonke, izibambo zamathuluzi okuxhumanisa umhlaba wonke kanye nenani elincane lezibambo zamathuluzi akhethekile. Isibambo samathuluzi kufanele sixhunywe ethuluzini futhi sifakwe ekhanda lamandla lethuluzi lomshini, ngakho siye samiswa kancane kancane futhi sahlelwa nge-serialized. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa amathuluzi e-NC.

 

Ngokuya ngesakhiwo samathuluzi, singahlukaniswa sibe:

 

① uhlobo olubalulekile;

 

(2) uhlobo olufakiwe, oluxhunywe ngohlobo lwe-welding noma umshini wokubopha. Uhlobo lwe-clamp yomshini lungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo olungadluliswayo kanye nohlobo oludluliselwayo;

 

③ izinhlobo ezikhethekile, njengamathuluzi okusika ayinhlanganisela, amathuluzi okusika ukumuncwa ukushaqeka, njll.

 

Ngokuya ngezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza leli thuluzi, lingahlukaniswa libe:

 

① umsiki wensimbi onesivinini esikhulu;

 

② ithuluzi carbide;

 

③ umsiki wedayimane;

 

④ amathuluzi okusika ezinye izinto, njengamathuluzi wokusika we-cubic boron nitride, amathuluzi okusika e-ceramic, njll.

 

Ubuchwepheshe bokusika bungahlukaniswa ngokuthi:

 

① amathuluzi okujika, afaka indilinga engaphandle, imbobo engaphakathi, intambo, amathuluzi okusika, njll;

 

② amathuluzi okubhoboza, okuhlanganisa i-drill, i-reamer, impompi, njll;

 

③ ithuluzi eliyisicefe;

 

④ amathuluzi okugaya, njll.

 

Ukuze uvumelane nezidingo zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC wokuqina kwamathuluzi, ukuzinza, ukulungiswa okulula nokushintshashintsha, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ithuluzi elifakwe umshini elinenkomba lisetshenziswe kabanzi, lifinyelela ku-30% - 40% yenani eliphelele lamathuluzi e-CNC, kanye nenani lokukhishwa kwensimbi libalelwa ku-80% - 90% wesamba.

 

Uma kuqhathaniswa nabasiki abasetshenziswa kumathuluzi omshini ojwayelekile, abasiki be-CNC banezidingo eziningi ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezinezici ezilandelayo:

 

(1) ukuqina okuhle (ikakhulukazi amathuluzi okusika ama-rough), ukunemba okuphezulu, ukumelana nokudlidliza okuncane kanye nokuguqulwa kokushisa;

 

(2) ukushintshashintsha okuhle, okulungele ukushintsha ithuluzi ngokushesha;

 

(3) impilo yesevisi ephezulu, ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuthembekile kokusika;

 

(4) ubukhulu bethuluzi kulula ukulungisa, ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokulungiswa koshintsho lwethuluzi;

 

(5) umsiki uzokwazi ukuphula noma ukugoqa ama-chips ngendlela ethembekile ukuze kube lula ukukhishwa kwe-chip;

 

(6) ukwenziwa kwe-serialization kanye nokulinganisa ukuze kube lula ukuhlela kanye nokuphathwa kwamathuluzi.

 

II. Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-NC

 

Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okusika kwenziwa esimweni sokusebenzisana nekhompyutha yomuntu sohlelo lwe-NC. Ithuluzi nesibambo kufanele kukhethwe ngendlela efanele ngokuya ngomthamo womshini wethuluzi lomshini, ukusebenza kwempahla yokusebenza, inqubo yokucubungula, inani lokusika nezinye izici ezifanele. Umgomo ojwayelekile wokukhethwa kwamathuluzi uwukuthi: ukufakwa okulula nokulungiswa, ukuqina okuhle, ukuqina okuphezulu nokunemba. Esimweni sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwenza, zama ukukhetha isibambo sethuluzi esifushane ukuze uthuthukise ukuqina komshini wamathuluzi. Lapho ukhetha ithuluzi, ubukhulu bethuluzi kufanele bufanele usayizi ongaphezulu we-workpiece okufanele icutshungulwe.

 

Ekukhiqizeni, i-end milling cutter ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula i-peripheral contour yezingxenye zendiza; lapho izingxenye zendiza yokugaya, i-carbide blade milling cutter kufanele ikhethwe; lapho u-machining boss kanye ne-groove, i-high-speed steel end milling cutter kufanele ikhethwe; lapho kwenziwa indawo engenalutho noma umgodi womshini omangelengele, umsiki wokugaya ummbila nge-carbide blade angakhethwa; ukuze kucutshungulwe iphrofayili ethile enezinhlangothi ezintathu kanye nekhontazu ene-engeli ye-bevel eguquguqukayo, i-ball head milling cutter kanye nokugaya indandatho kuvame ukusetshenziswa I-Cutter, i-taper cutter kanye ne-disc cutter. Enqubweni yomshini we-surface-form yamahhala, ngoba isivinini sokusika isiphetho se-ball head cutter singu-zero, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba komshini, isikhala somugqa wokusika ngokuvamile siminyene kakhulu, ngakho-ke ikhanda lebhola livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqeda phezulu. . I-flat head cutter iphakeme kune-ball head cutter ngekhwalithi ye-surface machining kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusika. Ngakho-ke, umsiki wekhanda eliyisicaba kufanele akhethwe ngokukhethayo inqobo nje uma umshini onzima noma wokuqeda umshini wendawo egobile uqinisekisiwe.

 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina nokunemba kwamathuluzi okusika kunobudlelwano obuhle nentengo yamathuluzi okusika. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, ukukhethwa kwethuluzi elihle lokusika kwandisa izindleko zamathuluzi okusika, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa okubangelwa ikhwalithi yokucubungula nokusebenza kahle kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokucubungula.

 

Esikhungweni semishini, zonke izinhlobo zamathuluzi zifakwe kumagazini wamathuluzi, futhi zingakhetha futhi zishintshe amathuluzi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokuya ngohlelo. Ngakho-ke, isibambo sethuluzi elijwayelekile kufanele sisetshenziswe ukuze amathuluzi ajwayelekile okubhola, ayisicefe, anwebe, agaywe nezinye izinqubo akwazi ukufakwa ngokushesha nangokunembile ku-spindle noma kumagazini wethuluzi lomshini. Umhleli uzokwazi ubukhulu besakhiwo, indlela yokulungisa kanye nobubanzi bokulungiswa kwesibambo samathuluzi esisetshenziswa ethuluzini lomshini, ukuze anqume ubukhulu be-radial ne-axial bethuluzi lapho kuhlelwa. Njengamanje, isistimu yamathuluzi ye-TSG isetshenziswa ezikhungweni zemishini eChina. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamashanki amathuluzi: ama-shanks aqondile (imininingwane emithathu) kanye nama-taper shanks (imininingwane emine), kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziyi-16 zamashanki amathuluzi ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Emshinini we-NC wezomnotho, ngoba ukugaya, ukulinganisa nokushintshwa kwamathuluzi okusika kwenziwa kakhulu ngesandla, okuthatha isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlela ukuhleleka kwamathuluzi okusika ngokunengqondo.

 

Ngokuvamile, lezi zimiso ezilandelayo zizolandelwa:

 

① nciphisa inani lamathuluzi;

 

② ngemva kokuba ithuluzi seliboshiwe, zonke izingxenye zemishini elingakwazi ukuzenza zizoqedwa;

 

③ amathuluzi omshini omahhadlahhadla nokuqeda azosetshenziswa ngokuhlukene, ngisho nalawo anosayizi ofanayo kanye nokucaciswa kwawo;

 

④ ukugaya ngaphambi kokubhoboza;

 

⑤ qeda indawo engaphezulu kuqala, bese uqeda i-contour enezinhlangothi ezimbili;

 

⑥ uma kungenzeka, umsebenzi wokushintsha ithuluzi ozenzakalelayo wamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kufanele usetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

 

III. ukunqunywa kwemingcele yokusika yemishini ye-CNC

 

Umgomo wokukhethwa okunengqondo kwamapharamitha wokusika ukuthi emishinini enzima, ukukhiqiza ngokuvamile kuyathuthukiswa, kodwa izindleko zezomnotho nezomshini kufanele zicatshangelwe; ekukhiqizeni nasekuqedeni okuncane, ukusebenza kahle kokusika, umnotho kanye nezindleko zemishini kufanele kubhekwe kusisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomshini. Inani elithile lizonqunywa ngokuya ngemanuwali yethuluzi lomshini, imanuwali yemingcele yokusika kanye nolwazi.

 

(1) ukujula kokusika t. Uma ukuqina kwethuluzi lomshini, i-workpiece kanye nethuluzi kuvunyelwe, t ilingana nemvume yomshini, okuyisilinganiso esisebenzayo sokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba komshini kanye nobukhulu obungaphezulu bezingxenye, umkhawulo othile kufanele ubekelwe ukuqedwa. Imvume yokuqeda yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC ingaba ngaphansi kancane kunaleyo yamathuluzi omshini ajwayelekile.

 

(2) ukusika ububanzi L. Ngokuvamile, i-l ilingana ngokuqondile nobubanzi bethuluzi D futhi ihambisana ngokuphambene nokujula kokusika. Emashini ezomnotho we-NC, inani lebanga lika-L ngokuvamile lithi L = (0.6-0.9) d.

 

(3) isivinini sokusika v. Ukwenyusa i-V futhi kuyisilinganiso sokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza, kodwa i-V ihlobene eduze nokuqina kwamathuluzi. Ngokukhula kwe-V, ukuqina kwethuluzi kwehla kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukukhetha kwe-V kuncike kakhulu ekuqineni kwethuluzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijubane lokusika libuye libe nobuhlobo obuhle nezinto zokucubungula. Isibonelo, lapho ukugaya i-30crni2mova nge-end milling cutter, i-V ingaba ngu-8m / min; lapho milling aluminium ingxubevange nge efanayo ekupheleni milling cutter, V kungaba ngaphezu 200m / min.

 

(4) isivinini sokuphotha n (R / min). Isivinini sokuphotha ngokuvamile sikhethwa ngokuya ngesivinini sokusika v. Ifomula yokubala ithi: lapho u-D engububanzi bethuluzi noma ucezu lokusebenza (mm). Ngokuvamile, iphaneli yokulawula yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC ifakelwe iswishi yokushintsha isivinini sokuphotha (eziningi), engalungisa isivinini sokuphotha enqubweni yokwenza imishini.

 

(5) ijubane lokuphakelayo i-vfvfvf lizokhethwa ngokuya ngezidingo zokunemba komshini kanye nobukhulu obungaphezulu bezingxenye kanjalo nezinto zamathuluzi nezinto zokusebenza. Ukwenyuka kwe-VF nakho kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Uma ubulukhuni bobuso buphansi, i-VF ingakhethwa ibe nkulu. Enqubweni yokwenza imishini, i-VF ingabuye ilungiswe ngesandla ngokusebenzisa inkinobho yokulungisa iphaneli yokulawula yethuluzi lomshini, kodwa isivinini sokuphakelayo esiphezulu sinqunyelwe ukuqina kwemishini nokusebenza kwesistimu yokuphakelayo.