Ubuchwepheshe bemishini ye-CNC bunezinga eliphezulu lokunemba nokunemba futhi bungakhiqiza izingxenye ezinhle ezinokubekezelelana okuncane njengo-0.025 mm. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza iyingxenye yesigaba sokukhiqiza okukhiphayo, okusho ukuthi ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini, izingxenye ezidingekayo zakhiwe ngokususa izinto. Ngakho-ke, amamaki amancane okusika azohlala phezu kwezingxenye eziqediwe, okuholela ezingeni elithile lobunzima obungaphezulu.
Buyini ubulukhuni obungaphezulu?
Ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bezingxenye ezitholwe yiCNC imishiniiyinkomba yokucoleka okumaphakathi kokuthungwa kwendawo. Ukuze silinganise lesi sici, sisebenzisa amapharamitha ahlukahlukene ukusichaza, phakathi kwawo u-Ra (izibalo zisho ukuhwashala) okuyiwona osetshenziswa kakhulu. Ibalwa ngokusekelwe emehlukweni omncane wobude bomhlaba kanye nokuguquguquka okuphansi, ngokuvamile kukalwa ngesibonakhulu ngama-microns. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukugwedla kwendawo kanye nokuqedwa kwengaphezulu kuyimiqondo emibili ehlukene: nakuba ubuchwepheshe bomshini wokunemba okuphezulu bungakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukushelela kwengxenye, ukugoqana kwendawo kubhekisela ezicini zokuthungwa kwendawo ngemva komshini.
Sibufinyelela kanjani ubulukhuni obuhlukahlukene bomhlaba?
Ubukhulu obungaphezulu bezingxenye ngemva komshini akwenziwa ngokungahleliwe kodwa kulawulwa ngokuqinile ukuze kufinyelele inani elithile elijwayelekile. Leli nani elijwayelekile lisethwa kusengaphambili, kodwa aliyona into enganikezwa ngokungafanele. Kunalokho, kuyadingeka ukulandela izindinganiso zenani lika-Ra eziqashelwa kabanzi embonini yokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, ngokuya nge-ISO 4287, kuIzinqubo zemishini ye-CNC, ububanzi benani lika-Ra bungacaciswa ngokucacile, kusukela kuma-microns angama-25 ukuya kuma-microns amahle kakhulu angu-0.025 ukuze avumelane nezinhlobonhlobo zezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza.
Sinikeza amamaki ama-4 angaphezulu, okungamanani ajwayelekile wezinhlelo zokusebenza zemishini ye-CNC:
3.2 μm Ra
I-Ra1.6 μm Ra
I-Ra0.8 μm Ra
I-Ra0.4 μm Ra
Izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zomshini zinezidingo ezihlukene zobunzima obungaphezulu bezingxenye. Kuphela uma izidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza zibaluliwe lapho amanani okugwedla aphansi azocaciswa ngoba ukuzuza amanani aphansi e-Ra kudinga imisebenzi yomshini eyengeziwe kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile, ezivame ukukhuphula izindleko nesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, uma kudingekile ukuba kube ne-roughness ethile, imisebenzi yangemva kokucubungula ngokuvamile ayikhethwa kuqala ngoba izinqubo zangemuva kokucubungula zinzima ukuzilawula ngokunembile futhi zingase zibe nomthelela omubi ekubekezeleni kobukhulu bengxenye.
Kwezinye izinqubo zokwenza imishini, ukuhwalala kwengaphezulu kwengxenye kunomthelela obalulekile emsebenzini wayo, ukusebenza, nokuqina. Ihlobene ngokuqondile ne-coefficient yokungqubuzana, izinga lomsindo, ukuguga, ukukhiqizwa kokushisa, nokusebenza kwesibopho kwengxenye. Nokho, ukubaluleka kwalezi zici kuzohluka kuye ngesimo sohlelo oluthile. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izimo, ukuqina kwendawo kungase kungabi yisici esibalulekile, kodwa kwezinye izimo, njengokushuba okuphezulu, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, izindawo zokudlidliza okuphezulu, nalapho ukufaneleka okunembile, ukunyakaza okushelelayo, ukujikeleza okusheshayo, noma njengokufakelwa kwezokwelapha kuyadingeka. Ezingxenyeni ezithile, ubulukhuni bobuso bubalulekile. Ngamafuphi, izimo ezihlukene zohlelo zinezidingo ezihlukene zokuma kwezingxenye ezingaphezulu.
Okulandelayo, sizongena sijule emabangeni obunzima futhi sikunikeze lonke ulwazi odinga ukulwazi lapho ukhetha inani elifanele lika-Ra lohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
3.2 μmRa
Lena ipharamitha yokulungiswa kwendawo esetshenziswa kabanzi efanelekile izingxenye eziningi futhi inikeza ubushelelezi obanele kodwa isenamamaki okusika asobala. Uma ingekho imiyalelo ekhethekile, le nqubo yokushosha phansi ngokuvamile ithathwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
3.2 μm umaki we-Ra womshini
Ezingxenyeni ezidinga ukumelana nengcindezi, umthwalo, nokudlidliza, inani eliphakeme elinconyiwe lokuma okungaphezulu elinconyiwe lingu-3.2 microns Ra. Ngaphansi kwesimo somthwalo okhanyayo kanye nesivinini sokunyakaza esihamba kancane, leli nani lokumahhadla lingasetshenziswa ukufanisa izindawo ezihambayo. Ukuze kuzuzwe ubulukhuni obunjalo, ukusika ngesivinini esikhulu, ukudla okucolisekileyo, namandla amancane okusika kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
1.6 μm Ra
Ngokujwayelekile, uma le nketho ikhethiwe, amamaki okusika engxenyeni azoba lula futhi angabonakali. Leli nani le-Ra lizifanele kahle izingxenye ezibamba ngokuqinile, izingxenye ezingaphansi kwengcindezi, nezindawo ezihamba kancane futhi ezilayishwa kancane. Kodwa-ke, ayizifanele izingxenye eziphenduka ngokushesha noma ezizwa ukudlidliza okunzima. Lobu bushelelezi obungaphezulu butholakala ngokusebenzisa isivinini esikhulu sokusika, ukuphakelwa kahle, nokusikeka okulula ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwa ngokuqinile.
Ngokwezindleko, kuma-alloys ajwayelekile e-aluminium (afana ne-3.1645), ukukhetha le nketho kuzonyusa izindleko zokukhiqiza cishe ngo-2.5%. Futhi njengoba ubunzima bengxenye bukhula, izindleko zizokhula ngokufanele.
0.8 μm Ra
Ukufeza leli zinga eliphezulu lokuqedwa kwendawo kudinga ukulawula okuqinile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza futhi, ngakho-ke, kubiza kakhulu. Lokhu kuqedwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezinokugxilwa kokucindezeleka futhi ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa kumabheringi lapho ukunyakaza nemithwalo kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile futhi kulula.
Mayelana nezindleko, ukukhetha leli zinga eliphezulu lokuqeda kuzokwandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza cishe ngo-5% kuma-alloys ajwayelekile e-aluminium afana ne-3.1645, futhi lezi zindleko zikhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo njengoba ingxenye iba nzima kakhulu.
0.4 μm Ra
Lesi siphetho sendawo esicolekile (noma “esibushelelezi”) sibonisa isiphetho sekhwalithi ephezulu futhi sifanele izingxenye ezingaphansi kokuxineka okukhulu noma ingcindezi, kanye nasezintweni eziphenduka ngokushesha njengamabheringi namashafti. Ngenxa yokuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza lesi siphetho esingaphezulu siyinkimbinkimbi, ikhethwa kuphela uma ukushelela kuyisici esibalulekile.
Ngokwezindleko, kuma-alloys ajwayelekile e-aluminium (afana no-3.1645), ukukhetha lobu bunzima obuphezulu kuzonyusa izindleko zokukhiqiza cishe ngo-11-15%. Futhi njengoba ubunzima bengxenye bukhula, izindleko ezidingekayo zizokhuphuka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-10-2024