1. Thola inani elincane lokujula ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi ye-trigonometric
Embonini yokwenza imishini enembayo, sivamise ukusebenza ngezingxenye ezinemibuthano yangaphakathi nengaphandle edinga ukunemba kwezinga lesibili. Kodwa-ke, izici ezifana nokusika ukushisa kanye nokungqubuzana phakathi kwe-workpiece nethuluzi kungaholela ekugugeni kwamathuluzi. Ukwengeza, ukunemba kokubeka okuphindayo kwesibambi sethuluzi lesikwele kungathinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo oqediwe.
Ukuze sibhekane nenselelo yokujula okuncane okunembile, singasebenzisa ubudlelwano phakathi kolunye uhlangothi kanye ne-hypotenuse kanxantathu ongakwesokudla phakathi nenqubo yokujika. Ngokulungisa i-engeli yesibambi sethuluzi le-longitudinal njengoba kudingeka, singakwazi ukufinyelela ngempumelelo ukulawula okuhle phezu kokujula okuvundlile kwethuluzi lokujika. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokusindisa isikhathi nomzamo kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle okuphelele komsebenzi.
Isibonelo, inani lesikali lethuluzi lihlala ku-C620 lathe lingu-0.05 mm kugridi ngayinye. Ukuze sifinyelele ukujula kwe-lateral okungu-0.005 mm, singabhekisela kumsebenzi we-sine trigonometric. Isibalo simi kanje: sinα = 0.005/0.05 = 0.1, okusho ukuthi α = 5º44′. Ngakho-ke, ngokusetha ukuphumula kwethuluzi ku-5º44′, noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kwediski eqoshiwe ye-longitudinal ngegridi eyodwa kuzoholela ekulungisweni kwe-lateral okungu-0.005 mm kwethuluzi lokujika.
2. Izibonelo Ezintathu Zezicelo Zobuchwepheshe Bokuguqula Okuhlehlayo
Umkhuba wokukhiqiza wesikhathi eside ubonise ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuhlehla bungaveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu ezinqubweni ezithile zokujika.
(1) Indwangu yokusika ebuyela emuva iyinsimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic
Lapho kwenziwa ama-workpieces anentambo yangaphakathi nangaphandle anemicu engu-1.25 kanye no-1.75 mm, amanani angumphumela awahlukaniseki ngenxa yokukhishwa kwe-lathe screw pitch kusuka endaweni yokusebenza. Uma intambo yenziwe ngomshini ngokuphakamisa isibambo samantongomane okukhwelana ukuze kuhoxiswe ithuluzi, ngokuvamile kuholela ekuxhumekeni okungahambisani. Ama-lathes ajwayelekile ngokuvamile awanawo ama-disc wokulutha angahleliwe, futhi ukwenza isethi enjalo kungadla isikhathi impela.
Ngakho-ke, indlela evame ukusetshenziswa yokuhlela imicu yale zwi ukujika kuya phambili ngesivinini esiphansi. Ukucupha ngesivinini esiphezulu akuvumeli isikhathi esanele sokuhoxisa ithuluzi, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokugedla ithuluzi ngesikhathi sokujika. Le nkinga ithinta kakhulu ukuhwalala komhlaba, ikakhulukazi uma kwenziwa izinto zensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic efana ne-1Cr13 ne-2Cr13 ngesivinini esiphansi ngenxa yokugedla kwamathuluzi.
Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinselelo, indlela yokusika “emithathu ehlanekezelwe” iye yathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa isipiliyoni esisebenzayo sokucubungula. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukulayisha ithuluzi okuhlanekezelwe, ukuhlehla ukusika, nokondla ithuluzi kwelinye icala. Ifinyelela ngempumelelo ukusebenza okuhle kokusika okuphelele futhi ivumela ukusika intambo enesivinini esikhulu, njengoba ithuluzi lisuka kwesokunxele liye kwesokudla ukuze liphume emsebenzini. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela iqeda izinkinga ngokuhoxiswa kwamathuluzi ngesikhathi sokulutha ngesivinini esikhulu. Indlela eqondile imi kanje:
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukucubungula, qinisa kancane ipuleti lokuphotha elibuyela emuva ukuze uqinisekise isivinini esilungile uma uqala ngokuhlehla. Qondanisa i-thread cutter futhi uyivikele ngokuqinisa i-nati yokuvula nokuvala. Qala ukuzungezisa ukuya phambili ngesivinini esiphansi kuze kube yilapho i-cutter groove ingenalutho, bese ufaka ithuluzi lokujika intambo ekujuleni okufanelekile kokusika bese uhlehlisa isiqondiso. Kuleli qophelo, ithuluzi lokuguqula kufanele lisuke kwesokunxele liye kwesokudla ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngemva kokwenza ukusikeka okuningana ngale ndlela, uzozuza intambo enobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokunemba okuphezulu.
(2) Ukuhlehla ukuguqa
Enqubweni evamile yokuququda phambili, amafayili ensimbi kanye nemfucumfucu kungabambeka kalula phakathi kwendawo yokusebenza nethuluzi lokugoqa. Lesi simo singaholela ekutheni kusetshenziswe amandla eqile kucezu lokusebenza, okuholela ezinkingeni ezinjengokungalungiswa kahle kwamaphethini, ukuchotshozwa kwamaphethini, noma ukupokoza. Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenzisa indlela entsha yokuhlehla ukugoqa nge-lathe spindle ezungeza ngokuvundlile, ukonakala okuningi okuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza phambili kungagwenywa ngempumelelo, okuholela kumphumela ongcono kakhulu.
(3) Ukuhlehlisa ukujika kwemicu yamapayipi ethayipha yangaphakathi nangaphandle
Lapho uphendulela izintambo ezihlukahlukene zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zepayipi elinezimfuneko ezinemba eliphansi namaqoqo amancane okukhiqiza, ungasebenzisa indlela entsha ebizwa ngokuthi i-reverse cutting ngaphandle kwesidingo sedivayisi yokusika ukufa. Ngenkathi usika, ungasebenzisa amandla avundlile ethuluzini ngesandla sakho. Ngemicu yepayipi ye-taper yangaphandle, lokhu kusho ukuhambisa ithuluzi ukusuka kwesokunxele ukuya kwesokudla. La mandla asemaceleni asiza ukulawula ukujula kokusika ngokuphumelelayo njengoba uthuthuka ukusuka kububanzi obukhulu ukuya kububanzi obuncane. Isizathu sokuthi le ndlela isebenze ngempumelelo kungenxa yengcindezi yangaphambili esetshenziswa lapho ushaya ithuluzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe bokusebenza okuhlanekezelwe ekuguquleni ukucubungula kuya ngokuya kwanda futhi kungashintshwa kalula ukuze kuhambisane nezimo ezithile ezihlukile.
3. Indlela entsha yokusebenza kanye nokusungulwa kwethuluzi lokumba izimbobo ezincane
Uma kubhobozwa izimbobo ezincane kuno-0.6 mm, ububanzi obuncane be-drill bit, kuhlanganiswe nokungaqinile okubuthakathaka kanye nesivinini esiphansi sokusika, kungabangela ukumelana okuphawulekayo kokusika, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza ngama-alloys aphikisana nokushisa nensimbi engagqwali. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenzisa i-mechanical transmission feed kulezi zimo kungaholela kalula ekuqhekekeni kwe-drill bit.
Ukubhekana nalolu daba, kungasetshenziswa ithuluzi elilula nelisebenzayo kanye nendlela yokondla ngezandla. Okokuqala, shintsha i-drill chuck yokuqala ibe uhlobo oluntantayo lwe-shank eqondile. Uma isetshenziswa, qinisa ngokuvikelekile i-drill bit encane ku-drill chuck entantayo, okuvumela ukubhola okubushelelezi. I-shank eqondile ye-drill bit ilingana kahle kumkhono wokudonsa, okuwenza akwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka.
Lapho ubhoboza izimbobo ezincane, ungabamba ngobumnene i-drill chuck ngesandla sakho ukuze uzuze ukuphakelwa okuncane okwenziwa ngesandla. Le nqubo ivumela ukubhola okusheshayo kwezimbobo ezincane kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa kokubili ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise impilo yesevisi ye-drill bit. I-drill chuck eguquliwe enezinjongo eziningi ingase isetshenziselwe ukuthepha imicu yangaphakathi enobubanzi obuncane, izimbobo zokuvuselela kabusha, nokuningi. Uma imbobo enkulu idinga ukubhobozwa, iphinikhodi yomkhawulo ingafakwa phakathi komkhono wokudonsa kanye ne-shank eqondile (bheka Umfanekiso 3).
4. I-Anti-vibration yokucubungula imbobo ejulile
Ekucutshungulweni kwembobo ejulile, ububanzi obuncane bembobo kanye nomklamo ozacile wethuluzi eliyisicefe kwenza kungenakugwemeka ukuthi ukudlidliza kwenzeke lapho uphendula izingxenye zembobo ejulile enobubanzi obungu-Φ30-50mm kanye nokujula okungaba ngu-1000mm. Ukuze unciphise lokhu kudlidliza kwethuluzi, enye yezindlela ezilula nezisebenza kahle kakhulu ukunamathisela izisekelo ezimbili ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-bakelite eqiniswe ngendwangu emzimbeni wamathuluzi. Lezi zisekelo kufanele zibe ububanzi obufana nembobo. Phakathi nenqubo yokusika, izisekelo ze-bakelite eziqiniswe ngendwangu zihlinzeka ngokuma nokuzinza, okusiza ukuvimbela ithuluzi ukuthi lingadlidliza, okuholela ezingxenyeni zezimbobo ezijulile zekhwalithi ephezulu.
5. Ukunqanda ukubhodlozwa kwama-drill amancane aphakathi nendawo
Ekuphenduleni ukucubungula, lapho ubhoboza imbobo ephakathi nendawo encane kuno-1.5 mm (Φ1.5 mm), i-drill ephakathi ijwayele ukuphuka. Indlela elula nephumelelayo yokuvimbela ukuphuka ukugwema ukukhiya isigxobo somsila ngenkathi ubhoboza imbobo ephakathi. Kunalokho, vumela isisindo se-tailstock ukuthi sidale ukungqubuzana ebusweni bombhede wethuluzi lomshini njengoba imbobo ibhojwa. Uma ukumelana nokusika kuba ngokweqile, i-tailstock izohlehla ngokuzenzakalelayo, inikeze ukuvikeleka kokubhoboza okuphakathi.
6. Ubuchwepheshe bokucutshungulwa kohlobo lwe-"O" yesikhunta senjoloba
Uma usebenzisa isikhunta senjoloba yohlobo lwe-“O”, ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwesikhunta sowesilisa nowesifazane kuyinkinga evamile. Lokhu kungaboni ngaso linye kungase kuhlanekezele umumo wendandatho yerabha ecindezelwe ethi “O”, njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4, okuholela ekumoshweni kwezinto ezibalulekile.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa okuningi, indlela elandelayo ngokuyisisekelo ingakhiqiza isikhunta esimise u-“O” esihlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe.
(1) Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula isikhunta sabesilisa
① Fine Fine-jika ubukhulu bengxenye ngayinye kanye ne-bevel engu-45° ngokomdwebo.
② Faka ummese wokwenza u-R, hambisa isibambi sommese esincane siye ku-45°, futhi indlela yokuqondanisa ummese iboniswa kuMfanekiso 5.
Ngokomdwebo, lapho ithuluzi lika-R lisendaweni A, ithuluzi lithinta indingiliza D ngendawo yokuxhumana C. Hambisa isilayidi esikhulu kude uye ngakumcibisholo owodwa bese uhambisa umbambi wethuluzi ovundlile X uye ohlangothini. womcibisholo 2. X ibalwa kanje:
X=(Dd)/2+(R-Rsin45°)
=(Dd)/2+(R-0.7071R)
=(Dd)/2+0.2929R
(okungukuthi 2X=D—d+0.2929Φ).
Bese, hambisa isilayidi esikhulu ngendlela yomcibisholo wesithathu ukuze ithuluzi lika-R lixhumane nomthamo ongu-45°. Ngalesi sikhathi, ithuluzi lisendaweni emaphakathi (okungukuthi, ithuluzi lika-R lisendaweni B).
③ Hambisa isibambi sethuluzi esincane siye ngakumcibisholo ongu-4 ukuze uqophe umgodi ongu-R, futhi ukujula kokuphakelayo kungu-Φ/2.
Qaphela ① Uma ithuluzi le-R lisendaweni B:
∵OC=R, OD=Rsin45°=0.7071R
∴CD=OC-OD=R-0.7071R=0.2929R,
④ Ubukhulu buka-X bungalawulwa yi-block gauge, futhi ubukhulu buka-R bungalawulwa inkomba yokudayela ukuze kulawulwe ukujula.
(2) Ukucubungula ubuchwepheshe besikhunta esibi
① Cubungula ubukhulu bengxenye ngayinye ngokuya ngezidingo zoMdwebo 6 (ubukhulu bomgodi abucutshunguliwe).
② Gaya i-bevel engu-45° nendawo yokugcina.
③ Faka ithuluzi lokwenza u-R bese ulungisa isibambi samathuluzi esincane sibe i-engeli engu-45° (yenza ukulungisa okukodwa ukuze ucubungule kokubili ukubumba okuhle nokubi). Uma ithuluzi lika-R libekwe kokuthi A′, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 6, qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lithinta indingiliza D endaweni okuthintana kuyona C. Okulandelayo, hambisa isilayidi esikhulu siye ngakumcibisholo 1 ukuze ukhiphe ithuluzi kumbuthano ongaphandle. D, bese uhambisa isibambi sethuluzi esivundlile siye ngakumcibisholo ongu-2. Ibanga elingu-X libalwa ngendlela elandelayo:
X=d+(Dd)/2+CD
=d+(Dd)/2+(R-0.7071R)
=d+(Dd)/2+0.2929R
(okungukuthi 2X=D+d+0.2929Φ)
Bese, hambisa isilayidi esikhulu siye ngakumcibisholo wesithathu kuze kube yilapho ithuluzi lika-R lithinta i-bevel engu-45°. Ngalesi sikhathi, ithuluzi lisendaweni emaphakathi (okungukuthi, isikhundla B′ kuMfanekiso 6).
④ Hambisa isibambi sethuluzi esincane siye ngakumcibisholo ongu-4 ukuze usike umgodi ongu-R, futhi ukujula kokuphakelayo kungu-Φ/2.
Qaphela: ①∵DC=R, OD=Rsin45°=0.7071R
∴CD=0.2929R,
⑤Ubukhulu be-X bungalawulwa yi-block gauge, futhi ubukhulu buka-R bungalawulwa inkomba yokudayela ukuze kulawulwe ukujula.
7. I-Anti-vibration lapho uphendula ama-workpieces anezindonga ezincane
Ngesikhathi sokuphenduka kwe-thin-walledukuphonsa izingxenye, ukudlidliza kuvame ukuvela ngenxa yokungaqini kahle kwakho. Le nkinga igqama kakhulu lapho kwenziwa insimbi engagqwali nama-alloys ukumelana nokushisa, okuholela ebuhlotsheni obumpofu kakhulu kanye nempilo yamathuluzi ibe mfushane. Ngezansi kunezindlela ezimbalwa eziqondile zokulwa nokudlidliza ezingase zisetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni.
1. Ukuphendula Indilinga Yangaphandle Yezimbobo Zensimbi Engagqwali Emashubhu**: Ukuze unciphise ukudlidliza, gcwalisa ingxenye engenalutho ye-workpiece nge-sawdust bese uyivala ngokuqinile. Ukwengeza, sebenzisa amapulaki e-bakelite aqiniswe ngendwangu ukuze uvale iziphetho zombili ze-workpiece. Shintshanisa izinzipho zokusekela endaweni yokuphumula yamathuluzi ngokusekela amakhabe enziwe nge-bakelite eqiniswe ngendwangu. Ngemuva kokuqondanisa i-arc edingekayo, ungaqhubeka nokuvula induku encane engenalutho. Le ndlela inciphisa ngempumelelo ukudlidliza nokuguqulwa ngesikhathi sokusika.
2. Ukuphendula Imbobo Engaphakathi Yezinto Ezingashisi Ukushisa (I-Nickel-Chromium Ephezulu) Ingxubevange Yezinto Zokusebenza Ezinezindonga Ezincane**: Ngenxa yokungaqini kahle kwalezi zinto zokusebenza ezihlanganiswe nebha yamathuluzi ezacile, ukuzwakala kwemisindo enzima kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokusika, ubungozi bokulimala kwamathuluzi nokukhiqiza. imfucuza. Ukusonga indilinga yangaphandle yesiqeshana sokusebenza ngezinto ezibamba ukushaqeka, njengemicu yerabha noma izipontshi, kunganciphisa kakhulu ukudlidliza futhi kuvikele ithuluzi.
3. Ukuguqula I-Outer Circle ye-Alloy-Resistant Alloy Sleeve Workpieces**: Ukumelana okuphezulu kokusika kwama-alloys amelana nokushisa kungaholela ekudlidlizeni nasekushintsheni phakathi nenqubo yokusika. Ukuze ulwe nalokhu, gcwalisa imbobo ye-workpiece ngezinto ezifana nerabha noma intambo kakotini, futhi ubambe ngokuphephile zombili ubuso bokuphela. Le ndlela ivimbela ngempumelelo ukudlidliza nokonakala, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwemikhono emincane enemikhono emincane yekhwalithi ephezulu.
8. Ithuluzi lokubamba lamadiski amise okwediski
Ingxenye emise okwediski iyingxenye enodonga oluncane olunama-bevel amabili. Ngesikhathi senqubo yesibili yokuphenduka, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubekezelelana kwesimo nokubekezelela isikhundla kuyahlangatshezwana nokuvimbela noma yikuphi ukuguquguquka kwe-workpiece ngesikhathi sokugoqa nokusika. Ukufeza lokhu, ungakha isethi elula yamathuluzi okubamba ngokwakho.
Lawa mathuluzi asebenzisa i-bevel kusukela esinyathelweni sangaphambilini sokucubungula ukuze abekwe. Ingxenye emise okwediski ivikelwe kuleli thuluzi elilula kusetshenziswa inati ku-bevel yangaphandle, okuvumela ukuphenduka kwe-arc radius (R) ekugcineni kobuso, umgodi, kanye ne-bevel yangaphandle, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 7 ohambisana nalesi sihloko.
9. Ukunemba okuyisicefe okuyisiqiwu somhlathi omkhulu othambile
Uma uphendula futhi ucindezela izingcezu zokusebenza ezinembayo ezinobubanzi obukhulu, kubalulekile ukuvimbela imihlathi emithathu ukuthi inganyakazi ngenxa yezikhala. Ukufeza lokhu, ibha ehambisana nobubanzi be-workpiece kufanele iboshwe ngaphambili ngemuva kwemihlathi emithathu ngaphambi kokuba noma yikuphi ukulungiswa okwenziwa emihlathini ethambile.
Ukunemba kwethu okwakhelwe ngokwezifiso okuyisicefe esikhulu somhlathi othambile kunezici ezihlukile (bona Umfanekiso 8). Ngokukhethekile, izikulufu ezintathu eziyingxenye No. 1 zingalungiswa ngaphakathi kwepuleti elingashintshi ukuze kunwetshwe ububanzi, okusivumela ukuthi simiselele amabha osayizi abahlukahlukene njengoba kudingeka.
10. Ukunemba okulula uzipho oluthambile olwengeziwe
In ukuguqula ukucubungula, sivamise ukusebenza ngeziqephu zokusebenza ezinembayo eziphakathi nezincane. Lezi zingxenye ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zangaphakathi nangaphandle ezinomumo oqinile kanye nezidingo zokubekezelela isikhundla. Ukuze sibhekane nalokhu, siklame isethi yamachukhi emihlathi emithathu yangokwezifiso yama-lathes, njenge-C1616. Imihlathi ethambile enembile iqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokusebenza zihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezihlukene zokubekezelela ukuma, ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukumpintsha noma ukuwohloka ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuningi kokubopha.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yalemihlathi ethambile enembile iqondile. Zenziwe nge-aluminium alloy rods futhi zibhobozelwe ekucacisweni. Imbobo yesisekelo yenziwa kumbuthano ongaphandle, kufakwe imicu engu-M8 kuwo. Ngemva kokugaya izinhlangothi zombili, imihlathi ethambile ingagxunyekwa emihlathini yokuqala eqinile ye-chuck enemihlathi emithathu. Izikulufu zesokhethi ze-M8 ze-hexagon zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela imihlathi emithathu endaweni. Ngemva kwalokhu, sibhoboza izimbobo zokubeka indawo njengoba kudingeka ukuze sibambe kahle isiqeshana sokusebenza emihlathini ethambile ye-aluminium ngaphambi kokusikwa.
Ukusebenzisa lesi sixazululo kungaveza izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 9.
11. Amathuluzi engeziwe okulwa nokudlidliza
Ngenxa yokuqina okuphansi kwezinto zokusebenza zeshaft ezacile, ukudlidliza kungenzeka kalula ngesikhathi sokusikwa kwe-multi-groove. Lokhu kubangela ukuphela okungalungile kwendawo yokusebenza futhi kungabangela ukulimala kwethuluzi lokusika. Kodwa-ke, isethi yamathuluzi enziwe ngokwezifiso avimbela ukudlidliza angabhekana ngokuphumelelayo nezinkinga zokudlidliza ezihambisana nezingxenye ezizacile ngesikhathi sokugwedla (bona Umfanekiso 10).
Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, faka ithuluzi lokulwa nokudlidliza elenzelwe wena endaweni efanele kumbambi wamathuluzi ayisikwele. Okulandelayo, namathisela ithuluzi elidingekayo lokuguqula i-groove kusibambi sethuluzi lesikwele bese ulungisa ibanga lentwasahlobo nokuminyanisa. Uma yonke into isimisiwe, ungaqala ukusebenza. Uma ithuluzi elijikayo lithintana ne-workpiece, ithuluzi lokulwa nokudlidliza lizocindezela kanyekanye ebusweni bomsebenzi, linciphise ukudlidliza ngempumelelo.
12. Ikepisi eyengeziwe yesikhungo esibukhoma
Lapho wenza ama-shafts amancane anezimo ezihlukahlukene, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isikhungo esibukhoma ukuze ubambe umsebenzi wokusebenza ngokuphepha ngesikhathi sokusika. Kusukela ekupheleni kwei-prototype CNC millingama-workpieces ngokuvamile anezimo ezihlukene kanye nama-diameter amancane, izikhungo ezijwayelekile ezibukhoma azifanelekile. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, ngidale ama-pre-point caps angokwezifiso anemimo ehlukene phakathi nokuzijwayeza kwami ukukhiqiza. Ngabe sengifaka lawa makepisi kumaphoyinti angaphambili abukhoma abukhoma, okuwavumela ukuthi asetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Isakhiwo sikhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 11.
13. Ukuphothula ukuqedwa kwezinto okunzima ukuzisebenzisa umshini
Uma wenza izinto eziyinselele ezifana nezingxube zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nensimbi eqinile, kubalulekile ukuzuza ukuhwaqana kwendawo kuka-Ra 0.20 kuya ku-0.05 μm nokugcina ukunemba kobukhulu obuphezulu. Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokugcina yokuqeda yenziwa kusetshenziswa i-grinder.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle komnotho, cabanga ukwakha isethi yamathuluzi okucija alula namasondo okucija. Ngokusebenzisa ukucija esikhundleni sokuqeda ukugaya ku-lathe, ungathola imiphumela engcono.
Isondo lokucija
Ukukhiqizwa kwesondo lokucija
① Izithako
I-Binder: 100g epoxy resin
I-Abrasive: 250-300g corundum (i-crystal corundum eyodwa yezinto okunzima ukucubungula izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-nickel-chromium). Sebenzisa inombolo engu-80 ku-Ra0.80μm, No. 120-150 ku-Ra0.20μm, kanye No.
I-Hardener: 7-8g ethylenediamine.
I-Plasticizer: 10-15g dibutyl phthalate.
Izinto zokubumba: HT15-33 shape.
② Indlela yokusakaza
I-ejenti yokukhishwa kwesikhunta: Shisisa i-epoxy resin ibe ngu-70-80℃, engeza i-polystyrene engu-5%, isixazululo se-toluene esingu-95%, ne-dibutyl phthalate bese ugovuza ngokulinganayo, bese wengeza i-corundum (noma i-crystal corundum eyodwa) bese ushukumisa ngokulinganayo, bese ushisa ku-70-80. ℃, engeza i-ethylenediamine uma selehlile ku-30°-38℃, ugovuze ngokulinganayo (imizuzu engu-2-5), bese uthele esikhunjini, bese usigcina ku-40 ℃ amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokudilizwa.
③ Isivinini somugqa \( V \) sinikezwe ifomula \( V = V_1 \cos \alpha \). Lapha, \( V \) imele isivinini esihlobene nendawo yokusebenza, ikakhulukazi isivinini sokugaya lapho isondo lokucisha lingenzi okuphakelayo kwe-longitudinal. Phakathi nenqubo yokucija, ngaphezu kokunyakaza okujikelezayo, isiqeshana somsebenzi sibuye sithuthukiswe ngenani lokuphakelayo \( S \), okuvumela ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo.
V1=80～120m/min
t=0.05–0.10mm
Okusele<0.1mm
④ Ukupholisa: 70% uphalafini oxutshwe no-30% No.
Ukwakheka kwethuluzi lokucija kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 13.
14. Ukulayisha ngokushesha nokuthulula i-spindle
Ekuphenduleni ukucubungula, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamasethi okuthwala zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa kahle imibuthano yangaphandle kanye nama-angles e-taper esiqondiso ehlanekezelwe. Uma kubhekwa amasayizi amaqoqo amakhulu, izinqubo zokulayisha nokuthulula ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza zingaholela ezikhathini ezisizayo ezedlula isikhathi sangempela sokusika, okuholela ekwehliseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kukonke. Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuphotha elilayisha ngokushesha kanye nelokulayisha kanye ne-single-blade, ithuluzi le-multi-edge carbide turning, singakwazi ukunciphisa isikhathi esiyisizayo phakathi nokucubungula izingxenye zemikhono ethwalayo ehlukahlukene ngenkathi sigcina ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukuze udale i-taper spindle elula, encane, qala ngokuhlanganisa i-taper encane engu-0.02mm ngemuva kwe-spindle. Ngemva kokufaka isethi yokuthwala, ingxenye izovikelwa ku-spindle ngokusebenzisa ukungqubuzana. Okulandelayo, sebenzisa ithuluzi le-single-blade multi-edge turning. Qala ngokuphendula indilinga yangaphandle, bese usebenzisa i-engeli ye-taper engu-15°. Uma usuqedile lesi sinyathelo, misa umshini bese usebenzisa isikrufu ukuze ukhiphe ingxenye ngokushesha nangempumelelo, njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 14.
15. Ukuguqulwa kwezingxenye zensimbi eziqinile
(1) Esinye sezibonelo ezibalulekile zokuphendula izingxenye zensimbi eziqinile
- Ukukhiqiza kabusha kanye nokuvuselelwa kwensimbi enesivinini esiphezulu i-W18Cr4V ama-broaches aqinile (ukulungisa ngemva kokuphuka)
- Izilinganisi zepulaki zentambo ezingajwayelekile ezizenzelayo (ihardware eqinile)
- Ukushintshwa kwehardware eqinile nezingxenye ezifuthwe
- Ukushintshwa kwamageji epulaki abushelelezi ehardware eqinile
- Ompompi bokupholisha intambo abalungiswe ngamathuluzi ensimbi anesivinini esikhulu
Ukuze uphathe ngempumelelo i-hardware eqinile kanye nezinselele ezihlukahlukeneIzingxenye zemishini ye-CNCokuhlangatshezwane nazo enqubweni yokukhiqiza, kubalulekile ukukhetha amathuluzi afanele, imingcele yokusika, ama-engeli ejiyomethri yamathuluzi, nezindlela zokusebenza ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle yezomnotho. Isibonelo, lapho i-square broach iphuka futhi idinga ukukhiqizwa kabusha, inqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha ingaba yinde futhi ibize. Esikhundleni salokho, singasebenzisa i-carbide YM052 namanye amathuluzi okusika empandeni yokuphuka kwe-broach yasekuqaleni. Ngokugaya ikhanda le-blade ku-engeli ye-rake engalungile engu--6° ukuya ku- -8°, singathuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo. Umkhawulo wokusika ungalungiswa nge-oilstone, usebenzisa isivinini sokusika se-10 kuya ku-15 m / min.
Ngemuva kokuguqula umbuthano wangaphandle, siqhubeka nokusika i-slot futhi ekugcineni silolonge intambo, inqubo ye-DiTurninge ibe yi-Turningnd ijika kahle. Ngemva kokuphenduka okungalungile, ithuluzi kufanele lilole kabusha futhi ligaywe ngaphambi kokuba siqhubeke nokujika kahle intambo yangaphandle. Ukwengeza, ingxenye yentambo yangaphakathi yenduku yokuxhuma kufanele ilungiswe, futhi ithuluzi kufanele lilungiswe ngemva kokuxhumana. Ekugcineni, i-broach yesikwele ephukile futhi esahliwe ingalungiswa ngokujika, ukuyibuyisela ngempumelelo esimweni sayo sangempela.
(2) Ukukhethwa kwezinto zamathuluzi okuguqula izingxenye eziqinile
① Ama-carbide blades amasha afana ne-YM052, YM053, ne-YT05 ngokuvamile anesivinini sokusika esingaphansi kuka-18m/min, futhi ubulukhuni bomsebenzi womsebenzi bungafinyelela ku-Ra1.6~0.80μm.
② Ithuluzi le-cubic boron nitride, imodeli ye-FD, liyakwazi ukucubungula izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene eziqinile futhi zifuthwe.izingxenye eziphendukilengesivinini sokusika esingafika ku-100 m/min, sifinyelela ubulukhuni obuphezulu be-Ra 0.80 kuya ku-0.20 μm. Ukwengeza, ithuluzi eliyinhlanganisela ye-cubic boron nitride, i-DCS-F, ekhiqizwa i-State-owned Capital Machinery Factory kanye ne-Guizhou Sixth Grinding Wheel Factory, ibonisa ukusebenza okufanayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kwalawa mathuluzi kungaphansi kwe-carbide enosimende. Nakuba amandla amathuluzi e-cubic boron nitride aphansi kunalawo e-carbide enosimende, anikeza ukujula okuncane kokuzibandakanya futhi abiza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhanda lethuluzi lingalimala kalula uma lisetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele.
⑨ Amathuluzi e-Ceramic, isivinini sokusika singama-40-60m/min, amandla aphansi.
Amathuluzi angenhla anezici zawo ekuphenduleni izingxenye ezicishiwe futhi kufanele akhethwe ngokuvumelana nezimo ezithile zokuguqula izinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nobunzima obuhlukile.
(3) Izinhlobo zezingxenye zensimbi ezicishiwe zezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nokukhethwa kokusebenza kwamathuluzi
Izingxenye zensimbi ezicishiwe zezinto ezihlukene zinezidingo ezihluke ngokuphelele zokusebenza kwethuluzi ngobulukhuni obufanayo, obungahle buhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo;
① Insimbi ye-alloy ephezulu isho insimbi yamathuluzi ne-die steel (ikakhulukazi izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ezinesivinini esikhulu) ezinokuqukethwe okuphelele kwe-alloying okungaphezu kuka-10%.
② Insimbi yengxubevange isho insimbi yamathuluzi nensimbi efayo enokuqukethwe kwe-alloying engu-2-9%, efana ne-9SiCr, CrWMn, nensimbi yesakhiwo esinamandla amakhulu.
③ Insimbi ye-Carbon: kufaka phakathi amashidi amathuluzi e-carbon ahlukahlukene ensimbi nezinsimbi zokungcwaba ezifana ne-T8, T10, 15 steel, noma insimbi engu-20 yokungcwaba, njll.
Ngensimbi ye-carbon, i-microstructure ngemva kokucisha iqukethe i-martensite epholile kanye nenani elincane le-carbide, okuholela kububanzi obuqinile be-HV800-1000. Lokhu kuphansi kakhulu kunobulukhuni be-tungsten carbide (WC), i-titanium carbide (TiC) ku-carbide enosimende, kanye ne-A12D3 kumathuluzi e-ceramic. Ukwengeza, ukuqina okushisayo kwe-carbon steel kungaphansi kokwe-martensite ngaphandle kwezakhi ze-alloying, ngokuvamile akudluli ku-200 ° C.
Njengoba okuqukethwe kwezakhi ze-alloying ensimbi kwanda, okuqukethwe kwe-carbide ku-microstructure ngemva kokucisha nokushisa nakho kuyakhuphuka, okuholela ezinhlobonhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ze-carbides. Isibonelo, ngensimbi enesivinini esikhulu, okuqukethwe kwe-carbide kungafinyelela ku-10-15% (ngevolumu) ngemva kokucisha nokufudumeza, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezifana ne-MC, M2C, M6, M3, ne-2C. Phakathi kwalokhu, i-vanadium carbide (VC) inobunzima obuphakeme obudlula obesigaba esinzima ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwezakhi eziningi ze-alloying kuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bokushisa be-martensite, buyivumela ukuthi ifinyelele cishe ku-600 ° C. Ngakho-ke, amandla okwenza izinsimbi eziqinile ezinobunzima obukhulu obufanayo angahluka kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuguqula izingxenye zensimbi eziqinile, kubalulekile ukukhomba isigaba sazo, uqonde izici zazo, bese ukhetha izinto zamathuluzi ezifanele, imingcele yokusika, nejometri yamathuluzi ukuze uqedele ngempumelelo inqubo yokujika.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe noma ukubuza, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumanainfo@anebon.com.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-11-2024