Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula bamathuluzi omshini we-CNC bunokufana okuningi nalokho kwamathuluzi emishini evamile, kodwa imithetho yenqubo yokucubungula izingxenye kumathuluzi omshini we-CNC iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunaleyo yokucubungula izingxenye kumathuluzi omshini ojwayelekile. Ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa kwe-CNC, inqubo yokunyakaza yethuluzi lomshini, inqubo yezingxenye, ukuma kwethuluzi, inani lokusika, indlela yamathuluzi, njll., kufanele kuhlelwe ohlelweni, okudinga ukuthi umklami abe nenani eliningi -Isisekelo solwazi esinezinhlangothi. Umenzi wezinhlelo oqeqeshiwe uyisisebenzi sokuqala esiqeqeshiwe. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke kwenzeke ukucabangela ngokugcwele nangokucabangisisa yonke inqubo yokucubungula ingxenye futhi uhlanganise kahle futhi ngokunengqondo uhlelo lokucubungula ingxenye.
2.1 Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko komklamo wenqubo yokucubungula ye-CNC
Lapho uklama inqubo yemishini ye-CNC, izici ezilandelayo kufanele zenziwe: ukukhethwa kweCNC imishiniokuqukethwe kwenqubo, ukuhlaziya inqubo yokwenza imishini ye-CNC, kanye nokuklanywa komzila wenqubo yemishini ye-CNC.
2.1.1 Ukukhethwa kokuqukethwe kwenqubo yokwenza imishini ye-CNC
Akuzona zonke izinqubo zokucubungula ezifanele amathuluzi omshini we-CNC, kodwa ingxenye kuphela yokuqukethwe kwenqubo efanele ukucutshungulwa kwe-CNC. Lokhu kudinga ukucutshungulwa ngokucophelela kwengxenye yemidwebo ukukhetha okuqukethwe nezinqubo ezifaneleke kakhulu nezidingeka kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwe-CNC. Uma ucubungula ukukhethwa kokuqukethwe, kufanele kuhlanganiswe nemishini yangempela yebhizinisi, ngokusekelwe ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezinzima, ukunqoba izinkinga ezibalulekile, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, nokunikeza ukudlala okugcwele ezinzuzweni zokucubungula kwe-CNC.
1. Okuqukethwe kulungele ukucutshungulwa kwe-CNC
Lapho ukhetha, i-oda elilandelayo lingacatshangwa ngokujwayelekile:
(1) Okuqukethwe okungeke kusetshenzwe ngamathuluzi omshini wenjongo evamile kufanele kubekwe kuqala; (2) Okuqukethwe okunzima ukukucubungula ngamathuluzi omshini wenjongo evamile futhi okunzima ukuyiqinisekisa ikhwalithi kufanele kubekwe kuqala; (3) Okuqukethwe okungasebenzi kahle ngamathuluzi omshini wenjongo evamile futhi okudinga ukushuba okukhulu komsebenzi wezandla kungakhethwa uma amathuluzi omshini we-CNC asenamandla okucubungula owanele.
2. Okuqukethwe okungafanele ukucutshungulwa kwe-CNC
Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kokucubungula okukhulunywe ngenhla kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu ngokwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nezinzuzo eziphelele ngemva kokucubungula kwe-CNC. Ngokuphambene, okuqukethwe okulandelayo akufanelekile ukucutshungulwa kwe-CNC:
(1) Isikhathi eside sokulungiswa komshini. Isibonelo, i-datum yokuqala enhle icutshungulwa yi-datum enzima yokungenalutho, edinga ukuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi akhethekile;
(2) Izingxenye zokucubungula zihlakazekile futhi zidinga ukufakwa futhi zisethwe lapho kuvela khona izikhathi eziningi. Kulokhu, kunzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukucubungula kwe-CNC, futhi umphumela awubonakali. Amathuluzi omshini ojwayelekile angahlelwa ukuze acutshungulwe ngokungeziwe;
(3) Iphrofayili yendawo engaphezulu icutshungulwa ngokuya ngesisekelo esithile sokukhiqiza (njengezifanekiso, njll.). Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi kunzima ukuthola idatha, okulula ukungqubuzana nesisekelo sokuhlola, okwandisa ubunzima bokuhlanganiswa kohlelo.
Ukwengeza, lapho sikhetha futhi sinquma okuqukethwe kokucubungula, kufanele futhi sicabangele iqoqo lokukhiqiza, umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, inzuzo yenqubo, njll. Ngamafuphi, kufanele sizame ukucabangela ekufinyeleleni izinjongo zokungaphezulu, okusheshayo, okungcono, nokushibhile. Kufanele sivimbele amathuluzi omshini we-CNC ukuthi ehliswe abe amathuluzi omshini wenjongo evamile.
2.1.2 Ukuhlaziywa kwenqubo yemishini ye-CNC
Ukucutshungulwa komshini we-CNC kwezingxenye ezicutshunguliwe kuhilela izinhlobonhlobo zezinkinga. Okulandelayo kuyinhlanganisela yamathuba kanye nokuba lula kwezinhlelo. Okunye okuqukethwe okuyinhloko okufanele kuhlaziywe futhi kubuyekezwe kuyaphakanyiswa.
1. Ukulinganisa kufanele kuhambisane nezici zemishini ye-CNC. Kuhlelo lwe-CNC, ubukhulu nezikhundla zawo wonke amaphuzu, imigqa, nezindawo zisekelwe kumsuka wohlelo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukunikeza ngokuqondile izilinganiso zokuxhuma engxenyeni yomdwebo noma uzame ukusebenzisa ireferensi efanayo ukuze uchaze ubukhulu.
2. Izimo zezakhi zejometri kufanele ziphelele futhi zinembile.
Ekuhlanganisweni kohlelo, abahleli bohlelo kumele baqonde ngokugcwele amapharamitha wezinto zejiyomethri akha ingxenye yekhontayutha kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwento ngayinye yejiyomethri. Ngoba zonke izakhi zejiyomethri zengxenye ye-contour kufanele zichazwe ngesikhathi sokuhlela okuzenzakalelayo, futhi izixhumanisi ze-node ngayinye kufanele zibalwe ngesikhathi sokuhlela okwenziwa ngesandla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi iphuzu elingacacile noma elingaqinisekile, ukuhlela akukwazi ukwenziwa. Nokho, ngenxa yokuntula ukucatshangelwa noma ukunganakwa kwabaklami bengxenye phakathi nenqubo yokuklama, imingcele engaphelele noma engacacile ivame ukwenzeka, njengokuthi i-arc i-tangent emugqeni oqondile noma ukuthi i-arc i-tangent ku-arc noma iyaphambana noma ihlukanisiwe. . Ngakho-ke, lapho ubuyekeza futhi uhlaziya imidwebo, kuyadingeka ukubala ngokucophelela futhi uxhumane nomklami ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka uma izinkinga zitholakala.
3. Ireferensi yokuma ithembekile
Emishinini ye-CNC, izinqubo zomshini zivame ukugxila, futhi ukubeka endaweni enereferensi efanayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukudingekile ukusetha ezinye izithenjwa eziyisizayo noma wengeze abaphathi benqubo endaweni engenalutho. Ngengxenye eboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.1a, ukuze kwandiswe ukuzinza kokuma, umphathi wenqubo angangezwa endaweni engaphansi, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.1b. Izosuswa ngemva kokuqedwa kwenqubo yokumisa.
4. Ijometri ehlanganisiwe nosayizi:
Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-geometry ebumbene nosayizi wesimo kanye nomgodi wangaphakathi wezingxenye, okunganciphisa inani lezinguquko zamathuluzi. Izinhlelo zokulawula noma izinhlelo ezikhethekile zingasetshenziswa ukuze kufinyezwe ubude bohlelo. Ukuma kwezingxenye kufanele kulingane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kube lula ukuhlela kusetshenziswa umsebenzi wokucubungula isibuko wethuluzi lomshini we-CNC ukuze wonge isikhathi sokuhlela.
2.1.3 Ukuklanywa Komzila Wenqubo Yemishini Ye-CNC
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi komklamo womzila wenqubo yokwenza umshini we-CNC kanye nomklamo womzila wethuluzi lomshini wokunyathelisa ovamile wukuthi ngokuvamile awubhekiseli kuyo yonke inqubo kusukela kokungenalutho kuya koqediwe, kodwa incazelo ethile kuphela yenqubo yezinqubo ezimbalwa zokunyathelisa ze-CNC. Ngakho-ke, ekwakhiweni komzila wenqubo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi njengoba izinqubo zemishini ye-CNC ngokuvamile zixutshwe kuyo yonke inqubo yengxenye yomshini, kufanele zixhunywe kahle nezinye izinqubo zemishini.
Ukugeleza kwenqubo evamile kuboniswa kuMfanekiso 2.2.
Lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo kufanele ziqashelwe ekwakhiweni komzila wenqubo yemishini ye-CNC:
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenqubo
Ngokwezici zemishini ye-CNC, ukuhlukaniswa kwenqubo yemishini ye-CNC ngokuvamile kungenziwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
(1) Ukufakwa nokucutshungulwa okukodwa kuthathwa njengenqubo eyodwa. Le ndlela ifanele izingxenye ezinokuqukethwe okuncane kokucubungula, futhi zingafinyelela esimweni sokuhlola ngemva kokucubungula. (2) Hlukanisa inqubo ngokuqukethwe kwethuluzi elifanayo lokucubungula. Nakuba ezinye izingxenye zingacubungula izindawo eziningi ezizocutshungulwa ekufakweni okukodwa, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi uhlelo lude kakhulu, kuzoba nemikhawulo ethile, njengokuncishiswa kwesistimu yokulawula (ikakhulukazi umthamo wenkumbulo), umkhawulo wesikhathi sokusebenza esiqhubekayo. yethuluzi lomshini (okufana nenqubo ayikwazi ukuqedelwa phakathi noshintsho olulodwa lomsebenzi), njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo olude kakhulu luzokhuphula ubunzima bephutha nokubuyiswa. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo akufanele lube lude kakhulu, futhi okuqukethwe kwenqubo eyodwa akufanele kube kuningi kakhulu.
(3) Hlukanisa inqubo ngengxenye yokucubungula. Kuma-workpiece anokuqukethwe okuningi okucutshungulwayo, ingxenye yokucubungula ingahlukaniswa ibe izingxenye eziningana ngokuya nezici zayo zesakhiwo, njenge-cavity yangaphakathi, ukwakheka kwangaphandle, indawo egobile, noma indiza, futhi ukucutshungulwa kwengxenye ngayinye kuthathwa njengenqubo eyodwa.
(4) Hlukanisa inqubo ngokucubungula okungalungile nokucolile. Kuma-workpieces athambekele ekuphendukeni ngemva kokucubungula, njengoba ukuguqulwa okungenzeka ngemva kokucubungula okungalungile kudinga ukulungiswa, ngokuvamile, izinqubo zokucutshungulwa okungalungile nezinhle kufanele zihlukaniswe.
2. Ukuhlelwa kokulandelana Ukuhlelwa kokulandelana kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokusekelwe esakhiweni sezingxenye kanye nesimo sezikhala, kanye nezidingo zokubeka, ukufakwa, nokubopha. Ukuhlelwa kokulandelana kufanele ngokuvamile kwenziwe ngokwale migomo elandelayo:
(1) Ukucutshungulwa kwenqubo yangaphambilini akukwazi ukuthikameza ukumiswa kanye nokucijwa kwenqubo elandelayo, futhi izinqubo zokucubungula ithuluzi lomshini jikelele eziphambaniswe phakathi nazo kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokugcwele;
(2) Ukucutshungulwa komgodi ongaphakathi kufanele kwenziwe kuqala, bese kuba ukucutshungulwa komumo wangaphandle; (3) Izinqubo zokucutshungulwa ngendlela efanayo yokuma kanye nokubopha noma ngethuluzi elifanayo zicutshungulwa kangcono ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kuncishiswe inani lokuma okuphindaphindiwe, izinguquko zamathuluzi, nokunyakaza kwamapulangwe;
3. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-CNC machining technology kanye nezinqubo ezijwayelekile.
Izinqubo zemishini ye-CNC zivame ukuxubaniswa nezinye izinqubo ezijwayelekile zomshini ngaphambi nangemuva. Uma uxhumano lungeluhle, ukungqubuzana kungenzeka kwenzeke. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi ujwayelene nayo yonke inqubo yokwenza imishini, kuyadingeka ukuqonda izidingo zobuchwepheshe, izinjongo zomshini, kanye nezici zemishini yezinqubo zemishini ye-CNC kanye nezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokwenza imishini, njengokuthi ukushiya izibonelelo zomshini nokuthi kushiye malini; izidingo zokunemba kanye nefomu kanye nokubekezelelana kwezindawo zokuma kanye nezimbobo; izidingo zobuchwepheshe zenqubo yokulungiswa komumo; isimo sokwelashwa kokushisa kokungenalutho, njll. Kungale ndlela kuphela inqubo ngayinye ingahlangabezana nezidingo zemishini, imigomo yekhwalithi kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe kucace, futhi kube nesisekelo sokunikeza nokwamukela.
2.2 Indlela yokuklama inqubo yemishini ye-CNC
Ngemuva kokukhetha okuqukethwe kwenqubo yemishini ye-CNC nokunquma umzila wokucubungula izingxenye, umklamo wenqubo ye-CNC womshini ungenziwa. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womklamo wenqubo yemishini ye-CNC ukuqhubekela phambili nokunquma okuqukethwe kokucubungula, inani lokusika, okokusebenza kwemishini, indlela yokumisa kanye nokubopha, kanye nendlela yokunyakaza kwamathuluzi yale nqubo ukuze kulungiselelwe ukuhlanganiswa kohlelo lomshini.
2.2.1 Thola indlela yamathuluzi bese uhlela ukulandelana kokucubungula
Indlela yamathuluzi iwumzila wokunyakaza wethuluzi kuyo yonke inqubo yokucubungula. Akubandakanyi kuphela okuqukethwe kwesinyathelo somsebenzi kodwa futhi kukhombisa ukuhleleka kwesinyathelo somsebenzi. Indlela yamathuluzi ingesinye sezisekelo zezinhlelo zokubhala. Amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe lapho kunqunywa indlela yamathuluzi:
1. Funa umzila wokucubungula omfushane kakhulu, njengesistimu yembobo engxenyeni eboniswe kumfanekiso wokucubungula 2.3a. Indlela yethuluzi yoMfanekiso 2.3b ukucubungula imbobo yesiyingi yangaphandle kuqala bese kuba yimbobo yesiyingi yangaphakathi. Uma kusetshenziswa indlela yamathuluzi yoMfanekiso 2.3c esikhundleni salokho, isikhathi sethuluzi elingasebenzi siyancishiswa, futhi isikhathi sokuma singalondolozwa cishe ngohhafu, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula.
2. I-contour yokugcina iqedwa ngephasi eyodwa
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe izidingo zokuqina kwendawo ekhonsana ye-workpiece ngemva komshini, ikhontayutha yokugcina kufanele ihlelwe ukuthi ihlale yenziwa ngomshini endaweni yokugcina.
Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.4a, indlela yamathuluzi yokulungisa ingaphakathi lengaphakathi ngokusika umugqa, le ndlela yethuluzi ingasusa konke okweqile emgodini ongaphakathi, ingashiyi i-angle efile futhi kungabikho monakalo ku-contour. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokusika umugqa izoshiya ukuphakama okusele phakathi kwendawo yokuqala kanye nokuphela kokudlula okubili, futhi ubulukhuni obudingekayo abukwazi ukutholakala. Ngakho-ke, uma indlela yamathuluzi yoMfanekiso 2.4b yamukelwa, indlela yokusika umugqa isetshenziswa kuqala, bese kwenziwa ukusika okuzungezayo ukuze kubushelelezi i-contour surface, engafinyelela imiphumela engcono. Umfanekiso 2.4c futhi uyindlela engcono yamathuluzi.
3. Khetha indlela yokungena bese uphuma
Uma ucubungula imizila yokungena nokuphuma kwethuluzi (yokusika nokuphuma), ukusika kwethuluzi noma indawo yokungena kufanele kube ku-tangent eduze nengxenye yekhontayutha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhonta okubushelelezi kocezu lokusebenza; gwema ukunwaya indawo yokusebenzela ngokusika uqonde phezulu naphansi endaweni eyikhonta; ukunciphisa ukumiswa ngesikhathi somshini wekhonta (ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic okubangelwa izinguquko ezingazelelwe kumandla okusika) ukuze ugweme ukushiya izimpawu zamathuluzi, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.5.
Umfanekiso 2.5 Ukwelulwa kwethuluzi lapho usika ngaphakathi nangaphandle
4. Khetha umzila onciphisa ukuwohloka kwe-workpiece ngemva kokucubungula
Ezingxenyeni ezincane noma izingxenye zepuleti elincane elinezindawo ezincane eziphambanayo, indlela yamathuluzi kufanele ihlelwe ngomshini kuze kube usayizi wokugcina ngokudlula okuningana noma ngokukhipha imvume ngokulinganayo. Lapho uhlela izinyathelo zomsebenzi, izinyathelo zomsebenzi ezenza umonakalo omncane ku-rigidity ye-workpiece kufanele zihlelwe kuqala.
2.2.2 Nquma isixazululo sokumisa nokubopha
Lapho kunqunywa isikimu sokumisa nokubopha, lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo kufanele ziqashelwe:
(1) Zama ukuhlanganisa isisekelo sokuklama, isisekelo senqubo, kanye nesisekelo sokubala sohlelo ngangokunokwenzeka; (2) Zama ukugxilisa izinqubo, unciphise inani lezikhathi zokubopha, futhi ucubungule zonke izindawo ezizocutshungulwa kuzo.
I-clamping eyodwa ngangokunokwenzeka; (3) Gwema ukusebenzisa ama-clamping schemes athatha isikhathi eside ukulungiswa ngesandla;
(4) Iphuzu lesenzo samandla okubamba kufanele liwe engxenyeni enokuqina okungcono kocezu lokusebenza.
Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.6a, ukuqina kwe-axial komkhono onezindonga ezincane kungcono kunokuqina kweradial. Uma i-clamping clamping isetshenziselwa i-radial clamping, i-workpiece izokhubazeka kakhulu. Uma i-clamping force isetshenziswa eduze kwe-axial direction, ukuguqulwa kuzoba kuncane kakhulu. Lapho ucindezela ibhokisi elinezindonga ezincane eliboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.6b, amandla okubamba akufanele asebenze endaweni engaphezulu yebhokisi kodwa onqenqemeni lwe-convex ngokuqina okungcono noma ashintshele ekubambeni ngamaphoyinti amathathu phezulu ukuze kuguqulwe indawo iphoyinti lamandla ukuze kuncishiswe i-clamping deformation, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.6c.
Umfanekiso 2.6 Ubudlelwano phakathi kwendawo yokufaka isicelo se-clamping force kanye ne-clamping deformation
2.2.3 Thola ukuma okuhlobene kwethuluzi kanye nendawo yokusebenza
Ngamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucacisa indawo ehlobene yethuluzi kanye ne-workpiece ekuqaleni kokucubungula. Lesi sikhundla esihlobene sifinyelelwa ngokuqinisekisa iphuzu lokumisa ithuluzi. Iphuzu lokumisa ithuluzi lisho indawo eyireferensi yokunquma indawo ehlobene yethuluzi kanye nocezu lokusebenza ngokulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi. Indawo yokusetha ithuluzi ingasethwa engxenyeni ecutshungulwayo noma endaweni ethile enobudlelwano obuthile bosayizi nereferensi yokuma kwengxenye. Iphoyinti lokusetha ithuluzi livame ukukhethwa kumsuka wokucubungula wengxenye. Izimiso zokukhetha
Ephuzwini lokuhlela ithuluzi yilena elandelayo: (1) Indawo yokuhlela ithuluzi elikhethiwe kufanele yenze ukuhlanganiswa kohlelo kube lula;
(2) Iphuzu lokumisa ithuluzi kufanele likhethwe endaweni ekulula ukuyiqondanisa futhi elula ukucacisa umsuka wokucubungula wengxenye;
(3) Indawo yokubeka ithuluzi kufanele ikhethwe endaweni efanelekile futhi enokwethenjelwa ukuyihlola ngesikhathi sokucubungula;
(4) Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokubeka ithuluzi kufanele kube kuhle ekuthuthukiseni ukunemba kokucubungula.
Isibonelo, lapho ucubungula ingxenye ekhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 2.7, lapho uhlanganisa uhlelo lokucubungula lwe-CNC ngokomzila obonisiwe, khetha ukuphambana komugqa omaphakathi wephinikhodi yesilinda sesici sokumisa indawo kanye nendiza yokuma A njengesilungiselelo sethuluzi lokucubungula. iphuzu. Ngokusobala, indawo yokusetha ithuluzi lapha futhi ingumsuka wokucubungula.
Uma usebenzisa indawo yokusetha ithuluzi ukuze unqume umsuka womshini, "ukusetha ithuluzi" kuyadingeka. Okubizwa ngokuthi ukulungiselelwa kwethuluzi kubhekisela ekusebenzeni kokwenza "iphoyinti lendawo yethuluzi" liqondane "nephoyinti lokusetha ithuluzi." Irediyasi nobude bobukhulu bethuluzi ngalinye buhlukile. Ngemuva kokuthi ithuluzi lifakwe ethuluzini lomshini, indawo eyisisekelo yethuluzi kufanele isethwe ohlelweni lokulawula. "Iphuzu lendawo yethuluzi" libhekisela endaweni eyinkomba yokuma yethuluzi. Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.8, indawo yethuluzi yokusika isigayo esiyicylindrical yimpambano yomugqa wesikhungo samathuluzi kanye nendawo engezansi yethuluzi; indawo yethuluzi lokusika i-ball-end milling iphuzu eliphakathi kwekhanda lebhola noma i-vertex yekhanda lebhola; indawo yokuma yethuluzi lethuluzi lokuphenduka iyithiphu yamathuluzi noma isikhungo se-arc ithiphu yamathuluzi; Iphoyinti lokuma kwethuluzi le-drill yi-vertex ye-drill. Izindlela zokusetha ithuluzi zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC azifani ncamashi, futhi lokhu okuqukethwe kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokwehlukana ngokuhambisana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamathuluzi omshini.
Amaphoyinti okushintsha amathuluzi asethelwe amathuluzi omshini afana nezikhungo zokuwenza kanye nezinsimbi ze-CNC ezisebenzisa amathuluzi amaningi ukuze zicutshungulwe ngoba lawa mathuluzi omshini adinga ukushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo amathuluzi phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula. Emishinini yokugaya ye-CNC enokushintsha kwamathuluzi okwenziwa ngesandla, indawo yokushintsha ithuluzi elihambisanayo nayo kufanele inqunywe. Ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwezingxenye, amathuluzi, noma izinto ezilungiswayo ngesikhathi sokushintsha ithuluzi, izindawo zokushintsha amathuluzi zivame ukubekwa ngaphandle kwekhonta yezingxenye ezicutshunguliwe, bese kushiywa imajini ethile yokuphepha.
2.2.4 Nquma imingcele yokusika
Ukuze kucutshungulwe kahle ithuluzi lomshini wokusika insimbi, izinto ezicutshungulwayo, ithuluzi lokusika, kanye nenani lokusika yizinto ezintathu ezinkulu. Lezi zimo zinquma isikhathi sokucubungula, impilo yamathuluzi, kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula. Izindlela zokucubungula zezomnotho nezisebenzayo zidinga ukukhetha okunengqondo kwezimo zokusika.
Lapho benquma inani lokusika lenqubo ngayinye, abahleli bohlelo kufanele bakhethe ngokuvumelana nokuqina kwethuluzi kanye nezinhlinzeko ezisebhukwini lamathuluzi omshini. Inani elinqunyiwe linganqunywa futhi ngokufanisa ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela. Lapho ukhetha inani lokusika, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukuthi ithuluzi lingacubungula ingxenye noma uqinisekise ukuthi ukuqina kwethuluzi akukhona ngaphansi kweshifu eyodwa yomsebenzi, okungenani kungabi ngaphansi kwengxenye yomsebenzi. Inani lokusika emuva likhawulelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuqina kwethuluzi lomshini. Uma ukuqina kwethuluzi lomshini kuvumela, inani lokusika emuva kufanele lilingane nemvume yokucubungula yenqubo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe inani lokudlula futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula. Ezingxenyeni ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nezidingo zokunemba, imali eyanele yokuqeda kufanele ishiywe. Imvume yokuqeda yomshini we-CNC ingaba yincane kunaleyo yomshini womshini ojwayelekile womshini.
Lapho abahleli bezinhlelo benquma imingcele yokusika, kufanele bacabangele impahla yokusebenza, ubulukhuni, isimo sokusika, ukujula kokusika emuva, izinga lokuphakelayo, nokuqina kwamathuluzi, futhi ekugcineni, ukhethe isivinini sokusika esifanele. Ithebula 2.1 yidatha yereferensi yokukhetha izimo zokusika ngesikhathi sokujika.
Ithebula 2.1 Ukusika isivinini sokujika (m/min)
| Igama lezinto zokusika | Ukusika Okukhanyayo | Ngokuvamile, ukusika | Ukusika kanzima | ||
| Insimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni ephezulu | Ishumi# | 100 - 250 | 150 - 250 | 80 - 220 | |
| 45 # | 60 - 230 | 70 - 220 | 80 - 180 | ||
| insimbi ye-alloy | σ b ≤750MPa | 100 - 220 | 100 - 230 | 70 - 220 | |
| σ b > 750MPa | 70 - 220 | 80 - 220 | 80 ~ 200 | ||
2.3 Gcwalisa imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yemishini ye-CNC
Ukugcwalisa imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe ekhethekile yemishini ye-CNC kungenye yezinto eziqukethwe kumklamo wenqubo yemishini ye-CNC. Le mibhalo yezobuchwepheshe ayisona nje isisekelo semishini ye-CNC nokwamukelwa komkhiqizo kodwa futhi izinqubo okumele opharetha bazilandele futhi bazisebenzise. Amadokhumenti obuchwepheshe ayiziqondiso eziqondile zomshini we-CNC, futhi inhloso yawo ukwenza u-opharetha acace kakhudlwana mayelana nokuqukethwe kohlelo lomshini, indlela yokubopha, amathuluzi akhethelwe ingxenye ngayinye yokwenza, nezinye izindaba zobuchwepheshe. Imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yomshini we-CNC eyinhloko ihlanganisa incwadi yemisebenzi yokuhlela ye-CNC, ukufakwa kocezu lokusebenza, ikhadi lokusetha imvelaphi, ikhadi lenqubo yokwenza imishini ye-CNC, imephu yendlela yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, ikhadi lethuluzi le-CNC, njll. Lokhu okulandelayo kunikeza amafomethi wefayela avamile, futhi ifomethi yefayela ingaba yakhelwe ngokwesimo sangempela sebhizinisi.
2.3.1 Ibhuku lomsebenzi wokuhlela we-CNC Lichaza izidingo zobuchwepheshe kanye nencazelo yenqubo yabasebenzi benqubo yenqubo yomshini we-CNC, kanye nesibonelelo somshini okufanele siqinisekiswe ngaphambi komshini we-CNC. Kungesinye sezisekelo ezibalulekile zabahleli bezinhlelo futhi bacubungule abasebenzi ukuze baxhumanise umsebenzi futhi bahlanganise izinhlelo ze-CNC; bheka iThebula 2.2 ukuze uthole imininingwane.
Ithebula 2.2 Ibhuku lemisebenzi yokuhlela ye-NC
| Umnyango Wezinqubo | Incwadi yemisebenzi ye-CNC | Inombolo Yomdwebo Wezingxenye Zomkhiqizo | Injongo No. | ||||||||
| Izingxenye Igama | |||||||||||
| Sebenzisa imishini ye-CNC | common Page Page | ||||||||||
| Incazelo yenqubo eyinhloko kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe: | |||||||||||
| Idethi etholwe ngohlelo | usuku lwenyanga | Umuntu ophethe | |||||||||
| ilungisiwe ngu | Audit | ukuhlela | Audit | vuma | |||||||
2.3.2 Ukufakwa kocezu lokusebenzela lomshini we-CNC kanye nekhadi lokusetha imvelaphi (okubhekiselwa kulo njengomdwebo wokugoqa kanye nekhadi lokusetha ingxenye)
Kufanele ikhombise indlela yokumisa imvelaphi yomshini we-CNC kanye nendlela yokubopha, indawo yokusetha imvelaphi yomshini kanye nendlela yokuxhumanisa, igama nenombolo yesakhiwo esisetshenzisiwe, njll. Bheka Ithebula 2.3 ukuze uthole imininingwane.
Ithebula 2.3 Ukufakwa kwezinto zokusebenza kanye nekhadi lokusetha imvelaphi
| Inombolo Yengxenye | I-J30102-4 | I-CNC machining workpiece ukufakwa kanye nekhadi lokusetha imvelaphi | Inqubo No. | ||||
| Izingxenye Igama | Umthwali weplanethi | Inombolo yokubopha | |||||
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| 3 | Amabhawodi we-trapezoidal slot | ||||||
| 2 | Ipuleti lokucindezela | ||||||
| 1 | Ipuleti le-boring ne-milling fixture | GS53-61 | |||||
| Ilungiselelwe (idethi) ibuyekezwe ngo-(idethi) | Kuvunyelwe (idethi) | Ikhasi | |||||
| Amakhasi Aphelele | Inombolo yomkhiqizo | Igama Lokulungisa | Inombolo yomdwebo wokulungisa | ||||
2.3.3 Ikhadi lenqubo yokwenza imishini ye-CNC
Kukhona ukufana okuningi phakathiInqubo yokwenza imishini ye-CNCamakhadi kanye namakhadi ezejwayelekile zokwenza machining. Umehluko ukuthi imvelaphi yokuhlela kanye nephuzu lokusetha ithuluzi kufanele kukhonjiswe kumdwebo wenqubo, kanye nencazelo emfushane yohlelo (njengemodeli yethuluzi lomshini, inombolo yohlelo, isinxephezelo serediyasi yamathuluzi, indlela yokucubungula ukulinganisa kwesibuko, njll.) kanye nemingcele yokusika ( okungukuthi, isivinini sokuphotha, izinga lokuphakelayo, inani eliphezulu lokusika emuva noma ububanzi, njll.) kufanele kukhethwe. Bheka iThebula 2.4 ukuze uthole imininingwane.
Ithebula 2.4CNCmachining process card
| iyunithi | Ikhadi lenqubo yokwenza imishini ye-CNC | Igama lomkhiqizo noma ikhodi | Izingxenye Igama | Inombolo Yengxenye | ||||||||||
| Umdwebo wenqubo | imoto phakathi | Sebenzisa okokusebenza | ||||||||||||
| Inqubo No. | Inombolo Yohlelo | |||||||||||||
| Igama Lokulungisa | Inombolo yokulungisa. | |||||||||||||
| Isinyathelo No. | umsebenzi step do Imboni | Indawo yokucubungula | Ithuluzi Cha. | ukulungisa ummese | Isivinini se-spindle | Isivinini sokuphakelayo | Emuva | Phawula | ||||||
| ilungisiwe ngu | Audit | vuma | Usuku Lwenyanga Yonyaka | Common Page | Inombolo Yekhasi | |||||||||
2.3.4 Umdwebo wendlela yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC
Ekwenziweni kwemishini ye-CNC, kuvame ukudingekile ukunaka nokuvimbela ithuluzi ukuthi lingashayisani ngephutha i-fixture noma i-workpiece ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukuzama ukutshela opharetha mayelana nendlela yokunyakaza kwamathuluzi ohlelweni (njengokuthi usike kuphi, uphakamise kuphi ithuluzi, lapho usike khona ngokunganaki, njll.). Ukuze kube lula umdwebo wendlela yamathuluzi, ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izimpawu ezihlanganisiwe nezivunyelwene ukuze zimele. Amathuluzi emishini ahlukene angasebenzisa izinganekwane namafomethi ahlukene. Ithebula 2.5 ifomethi evame ukusetshenziswa.
Ithebula 2.5 Umdwebo wendlela yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC
| Imephu yendlela yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC | Inombolo Yengxenye | NC01 | Inqubo No. | Isinyathelo No. | Inombolo yohlelo | O 100 | ||||
| Imodeli yomshini | I-XK5032 | Inombolo yengxenye | I-N10 - N170 | Icubungula okuqukethwe | Ipherimitha yekhonta yokugaya | Ikhasi eli-1 eliphelele | Inombolo Yekhasi | |||
 | ||||||||||
| ukuhlela | ||||||||||
| Ukuhlola ubufakazi | ||||||||||
| Ukugunyazwa | ||||||||||
| uphawu | ||||||||||
| incazelo | Aphakamise ummese | Sika | Umsuka wokuhlela | Iphuzu lokusika | Ukusika isiqondiso | Ukusika umugqa wempambanomgwaqo | Ukwenyuka umthambeka | Ukuvuselela kabusha | Ukusika umugqa | |
2.3.5 Ikhadi lethuluzi le-CNC
Ngesikhathi semishini ye-CNC, izidingo zamathuluzi ziqinile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ububanzi bethuluzi nobude kufanele bulungiswe kusengaphambili ethuluzini lokusethwa kwamathuluzi ngaphandle komshini. Ikhadi lethuluzi libonisa inombolo yamathuluzi, ukwakheka kwethuluzi, ukucaciswa kwesibambo somsila, ikhodi yegama lomhlangano, imodeli yeblade nezinto, njll. Liyisisekelo sokuhlanganisa nokulungisa amathuluzi. Bheka iThebula 2.6 ukuze uthole imininingwane.
Ithebula 2.6 ikhadi lethuluzi le-CNC
| Inombolo Yengxenye | I-J30102-4 | Inombolo yomese Ithuluzi Ikhadi ucezu | Sebenzisa okokusebenza | |||||
| Igama lethuluzi | Ithuluzi eliyisicefe | I-TC-30 | ||||||
| Inombolo yethuluzi | T13006 | Indlela yokushintsha ithuluzi | okuzenzakalelayo | Inombolo Yohlelo | ||||
| ummese Ithuluzi Iqembu iba | Inombolo yomkhiqizo | inombolo yomkhiqizo | Igama lethuluzi | Ukucaciswa | ubuningi | Phawula | ||
| 1 | T013960 | Donsa isipikili | 1 | |||||
| 2 | 390, 140-5050027 | Bamba | 1 | |||||
| 3 | 391, 01-5050100 | Induku yesandiso | Φ50×100 | 1 | ||||
| 4 | 391, 68-03650 085 | Ibha eyisicefe | 1 | |||||
| 5 | R416.3-122053 25 | Izingxenye zokusika eziyisicefe | Φ41-Φ53 | 1 | ||||
| 6 | I-TCMM110208-52 | blade | 1 | |||||
| 7 | 2 | GC435 | ||||||
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| Phawula | ||||||||
| ilungisiwe ngu | Ukuhlola ubufakazi | vuma | Amakhasi Aphelele | Ikhasi | ||||
Amathuluzi omshini ahlukene noma izinjongo ezihlukene zokucubungula zingadinga izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-CNC zokucubungula amafayela obuchwepheshe akhethekile. Emsebenzini, ifomethi yefayela ingaklanywa ngokuya ngesimo esithile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-07-2024