Abasiki be-engeli bokugaya bavame ukusetshenziswa emishinini yezindawo ezincane ezithambekele kanye nezingxenye ezinembayo kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene. Zisebenza kahle kakhulu emisebenzini efana ne-chamfering kanye ne-deburring workpieces.
Ukusetshenziswa kwabasiki be-engeli yokugaya kungachazwa ngezimiso ze-trigonometric. Ngezansi, sethula izibonelo ezimbalwa zohlelo lwezinhlelo ezijwayelekile ze-CNC.
1. Isandulelo
Emkhiqizweni wangempela, kuvame ukudingekile ukuphambanisa imiphetho namakhona emikhiqizo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kungenziwa kusetshenziswa amasu amathathu okucubungula: ukuhlela ungqimba lwesigayo sokugcina, uhlelo lwe-ball cutter surface, noma uhlelo lokusika i-angle milling. Ngohlelo lwesendlalelo sokugcina, ithiphu yethuluzi ivamise ukuguga ngokushesha, okuholela ekuncishisweni kwesikhathi sempilo yamathuluzi [1]. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokusika ibhola akusebenzi kahle, futhi zombili izindlela zokugaya kanye nezindlela zokusika amabhola zidinga ukuhlelwa kwe-macro okuzenzela, okudinga izinga elithile lekhono ku-opharetha.
Ngokuphambene, ukuhlelwa kwe-engeli ye-milling cutter contour kudinga kuphela ukulungiswa esinxephezelweni sobude bethuluzi namanani esinxephezelo serediyasi ngaphakathi kohlelo lokuqedela ikhonsathi. Lokhu kwenza uhlelo lokusika i-engeli lokusika kube yindlela ephumelela kakhulu phakathi kokuthathu. Kodwa-ke, opharetha bavame ukuthembela ekusikeni kwesilingo ukuze balinganise ithuluzi. Banquma ubude bethuluzi besebenzisa indlela yokusika isilingo se-Z-direction workpiece ngemuva kokuthatha ububanzi bethuluzi. Le ndlela isebenza kuphela emkhiqizweni owodwa, odinga ukulungiswa kabusha lapho ushintshela komunye umkhiqizo. Ngakho, kunesidingo esicacile sokuthuthukiswa kukho kokubili inqubo yokulinganisa amathuluzi nezindlela zokuhlela.
2. Ukwethulwa kwabasiki bengqephu abavame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-engeli
Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa ithuluzi elididiyelwe le-carbide chamfering, elivame ukusetshenziselwa ukucwenga kanye nokushaqisa imiphetho yekhonta yezingxenye. Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kungu-60°, 90° no-120°.
Umfanekiso 1: Isiqephu esisodwa se-carbide chamfering cutter
Umfanekiso wesi-2 ubonisa i-engeli ehlanganisiwe yokugcina isigayo, evamise ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula izindawo ezincane eziyisiyingi ezinama-engeli agxilile ezingxenyeni zokuhlangana zezingxenye. I-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi elivame ukusetshenziswa ingaphansi kuka-30°.
Umfanekiso 3 ubonisa i-engeli yokugaya eyi-diameter enkulu enokufakwa okunenkomba, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula izindawo ezinkulu ezithambekele zezingxenye. I-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi ingu-15° ukuya ku-75° futhi ingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo.
3. Thola indlela yokusetha ithuluzi
Izinhlobo ezintathu zamathuluzi okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla zisebenzisa indawo engezansi yethuluzi njengendawo eyireferensi yokusetha. I-Z-axis isungulwa njengephoyinti elinguziro ethuluzini lomshini. Umfanekiso 4 ubonisa indawo yokusetha ithuluzi elisethiwe ngaku-Z.
Le ndlela yokusetha ithuluzi isiza ukugcina ubude bethuluzi obungaguquki ngaphakathi komshini, kuncishiswe ukuhlukahluka kanye namaphutha omuntu angaba khona ahlobene nokusikwa kwesilingo socezu lokusebenza.
4. Ukuhlaziya Izimiso
Ukusika kuhilela ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinqwabelene kucezu lokusebenza ukuze kwakheke ama-chips, okuholela kucezu lokusebenza olunomumo wejometri ochaziwe, usayizi, kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo. Isinyathelo sokuqala enqubweni yokwenza imishini siwukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lisebenzisana nesiqeshana somsebenzi ngendlela ehlosiwe, njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 5.
Umfanekiso 5 Umsiki we-Chamfering oxhumene nocezu lokusebenza
Umfanekiso wesi-5 ubonisa ukuthi ukuze ithuluzi likwazi ukuxhumana ne-workpiece, indawo ethile kufanele inikezwe ithiphu yethuluzi. Lesi sikhundla simelelwa yizo zombili izixhumanisi ezivundlile nezime mpo endizeni, kanye nobubanzi bethuluzi kanye ne-Z-axis coordinate endaweni yokuxhumana.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-dimensional kwethuluzi le-chamfering elixhumene nengxenye kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6. Iphuzu A libonisa indawo edingekayo. Ubude bomugqa BC buqokwe njenge-LBC, kanti ubude bomugqa AB bubizwa ngokuthi i-LAB. Lapha, i-LAB imele i-Z-axis coordinate yethuluzi, futhi i-LBC isho irediyasi yethuluzi endaweni yokuxhumana.
Emashini asebenzayo, irediyasi yokuxhumana yethuluzi noma ukuxhumanisa kwayo kuka-Z kungase kusethwe kuqala. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi igxilile, ukwazi elinye lamanani asethiwe kuvumela ukubalwa kwelinye kusetshenziswa izimiso ze-trigonometric [3]. Amafomula ami kanje: LBC = LAB * tan(i-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi/2) kanye ne-LAB = LBC / tan(i-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi/2).
Isibonelo, sisebenzisa i-carbide chamfering cutter yocezu olulodwa, uma sicabanga ukuthi i-Z coordinate ithi -2, singanquma irediya yokuxhumana yamathuluzi amathathu ahlukene: irediyasi yokuxhumana ye-60° chamfering cutter ingu-2 * tan(30°). ) = 1.155 mm, kumsiki we-chamfering ongu-90° ngu-2 * tan(45°) = 2 mm, kanye no-120° i-chamfering cutter ingu-2 * tan(60°) = 3.464 mm.
Ngokuphambene, uma sithatha indawo yokuxhumana yethuluzi ingu-4.5 mm, singabala izixhumanisi ze-Z zamathuluzi amathathu: i-Z coordinate ye-60° chamfer milling cutter ingu-4.5 / tan(30°) = 7.794, ku-90° chamfer. i-milling cutter ingu-4.5 / tan(45°) = 4.5, kanye ne-120° chamfer milling ukusika kungu-4.5 / tan(60°) = 2.598.
Umfanekiso wesi-7 ubonisa ukuhlukana kwe-dimensional ye-engeli yokuphela kwengxenye eyodwa ehlangene nengxenye. Ngokungafani nesisiki se-carbide chamfer esinocezu olulodwa, isigayo sokuphela kwe-engeli yocezu olulodwa sinobubanzi obuncane ekugcineni, futhi indawo yokuxhumana yethuluzi kufanele ibalwe njengokuthi (LBC + ithuluzi ububanzi obuncane / 2). Indlela yokubala ethile inemininingwane ngezansi.
Ifomula yokubala irediyasi yokuxhumana yethuluzi ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ubude (L), i-engeli (A), ububanzi (B), kanye ne-tangent yesigamu se-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi, efingqiwe nengxenye yobubanzi obuncane. Ngokuphambene, ukuthola ukuxhumanisa kwe-axis engu-Z kuhlanganisa ukukhipha uhhafu wobubanzi obuncane ukusuka kurediyasi yokuxhumana yethuluzi nokuhlukanisa umphumela nge-tangent yengxenye ye-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-engeli ehlanganisiwe yokuphela kwesigayo enobukhulu obuthile, njengokudidiyela kwe-axis engu-Z ka--2 kanye nobubanzi obuncane obungu-2mm, kuzoveza irediya yokuxhumana ehlukile yabasiki be-chamfer milling kuma-engeli ahlukahlukene: i-cutter engu-20° iveza irediyasi. ka-1.352mm, i-15° cutter inikeza i-1.263mm, futhi i-10° cutter inikeza u-1.175mm.
Uma sicabangela isimo lapho iradiyasi yokuxhumana yethuluzi isethwe ku-2.5mm, izixhumanisi ze-Z-axis ezihambisanayo zabasiki be-chamfer milling amadigri ahlukene zingakhishwa ngendlela elandelayo: kusisiki esingu-20°, sibala siye ku-8.506, ku-15° umsiki ku-11.394, kanye ne-10 ° cutter, i-17.145 ebanzi.
Le ndlela yokusebenza isebenza ngokuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izibalo noma izibonelo ezihlukahlukene, igcizelela isinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola ububanzi bangempela bethuluzi. Lapho kunqunywa i-CNC imishiniisu, isinqumo phakathi kokubeka phambili irediyasi yethuluzi esethiwe noma ukulungiswa kwe-Z-axis kuthonywaingxenye ye-aluminiumumklamo. Ezimeni lapho ingxenye ibonisa isici esinyathelwe phansi, ukugwema ukugxambukela kucezu lokusebenza ngokulungisa ukuxhumanisa kuka-Z kuyabaluleka. Ngokuphambene, ezingxenyeni ezingenazo izici ezinesitebhisi, ukukhetha irediyasi yokuxhumana yethuluzi elikhudlwana kunenzuzo, ukukhuthaza ukuqedwa okuphezulu kwangaphezulu noma ukusebenza kahle kwemishini okuthuthukisiwe.
Izinqumo eziphathelene nokulungiswa kwerediyasi yethuluzi ngokumelene nokwengeza izinga lokuphakelayo kuka-Z zisekelwe kuzimfuneko ezithile zebanga le-chamfer ne-bevel eliboniswe kupulani yengxenye.
5. Izibonelo Zokuhlela
Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwezimiso zokubala zephuzu lokuxhumana lethuluzi, kuyabonakala ukuthi uma kusetshenziswa i-engeli yokusika i-milling yezindawo ezithambekele zomshini, kwanele ukusungula i-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi, irediyasi encane yethuluzi, kanye ne-axis engu-Z. inani lokusetha ithuluzi noma irediyasi yethuluzi elisethiwe.
Isigaba esilandelayo siveza izabelo eziguquguqukayo zesistimu ye-FANUC #1, #2, Siemens CNC R1, R2, Okuma CNC uhlelo VC1, VC2, kanye nesistimu ye-Heidenhain Q1, Q2, Q3. Ibonisa indlela yokuhlela izingxenye ezithile kusetshenziswa indlela yokufaka yepharamitha ehlelekayo yohlelo ngalunye lwe-CNC. Amafomethi okokufaka amapharamitha ahlelekayo wezinhlelo ze-FANUC, Siemens, Okuma, kanye ne-Heidenhain CNC achazwe kuThebula 1 kuya ku-4.
Qaphela:U-P ubonisa inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi, kuyilapho u-R ebonisa inani lesinxephezelo sethuluzi kumodi yomyalo ophelele (G90).
Lesi sihloko sisebenzisa izindlela ezimbili zokuhlela: inombolo yokulandelana engu-2 kanye nenombolo yokulandelana engu-3. Ukudidiyela kwe-axis engu-Z kusebenzisa indlela yesinxephezelo yokugqoka ubude bethuluzi, kuyilapho irediyasi yokuxhumana yethuluzi isebenzisa indlela yesinxephezelo yeradiyasi yejiyomethri.
Qaphela:Kufomethi yomyalelo, u-“2” usho inombolo yethuluzi, kanti u-“1” usho inombolo yonqenqema lwethuluzi.
Lesi sihloko sisebenzisa izindlela ezimbili zokuhlela, ikakhulukazi inombolo ye-serial engu-2 kanye nenombolo ye-serial engu-3, ehambisana ne-Z-axis nezindlela zesinxephezelo serediyasi yokuxhumana kwamathuluzi ezihlala zihambisana nalezo ezishiwo ngaphambilini.
Uhlelo lwe-Heidenhain CNC luvumela ukulungiswa okuqondile kubude bethuluzi nerediyasi ngemva kokuba ithuluzi selikhethiwe. I-DL1 imele ubude bethuluzi obunyuswe ngo-1mm, kuyilapho i-DL-1 ibonisa ukuthi ubude bethuluzi behle ngo-1mm. Umgomo wokusebenzisa i-DR uyahambisana nezindlela ezishiwo ngenhla.
Ngezinjongo zokubonisa, wonke amasistimu e-CNC azosebenzisa indilinga engu-φ40mm njengesibonelo sohlelo lwekhonta. Isibonelo sokuhlela sinikezwe ngezansi.
5.1 Isibonelo sohlelo lwe-Fanuc CNC
Uma i-#1 isethelwe kunani elisethiwe ngaku-Z, #2 = #1*tan (i-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi/2) + (irediyasi encane), futhi uhlelo lumi kanje.
I-G10L11P (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi lobude) R-#1
I-G10L12P (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi lerediyasi) R#2
I-G0X25Y10G43H (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi lobude) Z0G01
I-G41D (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi lerediyasi) X20F1000
Y0
I-G02X20Y0 I-20
I-G01Y-10
G0Z50
Uma i-#1 isethelwe kurediyasi yokuxhumana, #2 = [irediyasi yokuxhumana - irediyasi encane]/tan (i-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi/2), futhi uhlelo lumi kanje.
I-G10L11P (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi lobude) R-#2
I-G10L12P (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi lerediyasi) R#1
I-G0X25Y10G43H (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi lobude) Z0
I-G01G41D (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi lerediyasi) X20F1000
Y0
I-G02X20Y0I-20
I-G01Y-10
G0Z50
Kuhlelo, lapho ubude bendawo ethambekele yengxenye imakwe ohlangothini luka-Z, R engxenyeni yohlelo lwe-G10L11 ithi “-#1-inclined surface Z-direction length”; lapho ubude bendawo ethambekele yengxenye imakwe endaweni evundlile, u-R engxenyeni yohlelo lwe-G10L12 uthi “+#1-indawo ethambekele ubude obuvundlile”.
5.2 Isibonelo sezinhlelo ze-Siemens CNC
Uma u-R1=Z yenani elimisiwe, R2=R1tan(i-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi/2)+(irediyasi encane), uhlelo lumi kanje.
TC_DP12[inombolo yethuluzi, inombolo yonqenqema]=-R1
TC_DP6[inombolo yethuluzi, inombolo yonqenqema]=R2
I-G0X25Y10
Z0
I-G01G41D(inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi lerediyasi)X20F1000
Y0
I-G02X20Y0I-20
I-G01Y-10
G0Z50
Lapho u-R1=irediyasi yokuxhumana, R2=[R1-irediyasi encane]/tan(i-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi/2), uhlelo lumi kanje.
TC_DP12[inombolo yethuluzi, inombolo enqenqemeni]=-R2
TC_DP6[inombolo yethuluzi, inombolo enqenqemeni]=R1
I-G0X25Y10
Z0
I-G01G41D (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi lerediyasi) X20F1000Y0
I-G02X20Y0I-20
I-G01Y-10
G0Z50
Kuhlelo, lapho ubude bengxenye ye-bevel imakwe ohlangothini luka-Z, ingxenye yohlelo lwe-TC_DP12 ithi “-R1-bevel Z-direction length”; lapho ubude bengxenye ye-bevel imakwe endaweni evundlile, ingxenye yohlelo lwe-TC_DP6 ithi “+R1-bevel ubude obuvundlile”.
5.3 Isibonelo sokuhlela uhlelo lwe-Okuma CNC Lapho i-VC1 = Z inani elimisiwe, VC2 = VC1tan (i-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi / 2) + (irediyasi encane), uhlelo lumi kanje.
I-VTOFH [inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi] = -VC1
I-VTOFD [inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi] = VC2
I-G0X25Y10
G56Z0
I-G01G41D (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi lerediyasi) X20F1000
Y0
I-G02X20Y0I-20
I-G01Y-10
G0Z50
Lapho i-VC1 = irediyasi yokuxhumana, i-VC2 = (i-VC1-indawo encane) / tan (i-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi / 2), uhlelo lumi kanje.
I-VTOFH (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi) = -VC2
I-VTOFD (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi) = VC1
I-G0X25Y10
G56Z0
I-G01G41D (inombolo yesinxephezelo sethuluzi lerediyasi) X20F1000
Y0
I-G02X20Y0I-20
I-G01Y-10
G0Z50
Kuhlelo, lapho ubude bengxenye ye-bevel imakwe ku-Z, ingxenye yohlelo lwe-VTOFH ithi “-VC1-bevel Z-direction length”; lapho ubude bengxenye ye-bevel imakwe endaweni evundlile, ingxenye yohlelo lwe-VTOFD ithi “+VC1-bevel ubude obuvundlile”.
5.4 Isibonelo sokuhlela sohlelo lwe-Heidenhain CNC
Lapho i-Q1=Z inani elimisiwe, Q2=Q1tan(i-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi/2)+(irediyasi encane), Q3=Q2-ithuluzi eliyirediyasi, uhlelo lumi kanje.
ITHULUSI “Inombolo yethuluzi/igama lethuluzi”DL-Q1 DR Q3
L X25Y10 FMAX
L Z0 FMAXL X20 R
L F1000
L Y0
CC X0Y0
I-C X20Y0 R
L Y-10
L Z50 FMAX
Lapho i-Q1=irediyasi yokuxhumana, Q2=(irediyasi ye-VC1-minor)/tan(i-engeli yethiphu yethuluzi/2), Q3=Q1-ithuluzi eliyirediyasi, uhlelo lumi kanje.
ITHULUSI “Inombolo yethuluzi/igama lethuluzi” DL-Q2 DR Q3
L X25Y10 FMAX
L Z0 FMAX
L X20 RL F1000
L Y0
CC X0Y0
I-C X20Y0 R
L Y-10
L Z50 FMAX
Kuhlelo, lapho ubude bengxenye ye-bevel imakwe ohlangothini luka-Z, i-DL ithi “-Q1-bevel Z-direction length”; lapho ubude bengxenye ye-bevel imakwe endaweni evundlile, i-DR ithi “+Q3-bevel ubude obuvundlile”.
6. Ukuqhathaniswa kwesikhathi sokucubungula
Imidwebo ye-trajectory kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwepharamitha yezindlela ezintathu zokucubungula kukhonjiswe kuThebula lesi-5. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesisiki sokugaya i-engeli sokwenza izinhlelo zekhonta kubangela isikhathi esifushane sokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi engcono yangaphezulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kokwakha ama-engeli okugaya ama-engeli kubhekana nezinselele okubhekenwe nazo ezinhlelweni zesendlalelo se-mill kanye ne-ball cutter surface programming, okuhlanganisa nesidingo sabaqhubi abanekhono eliphezulu, ukuncishiswa kwesikhathi sokuphila kwamathuluzi, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphansi kokucubungula. Ngokusebenzisa ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi okuphumelelayo nezindlela zokuhlela, isikhathi sokulungiselela ukukhiqiza siyancishiswa, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-23-2024