Kunezinhlobo eziningi kanye nokucaciswa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, nezindlela zokuhlukanisa nazo zihlukile. Ngokuvamile, zingahlukaniswa ngokuvumelana nemigomo emine elandelayo ngokusekelwe emsebenzini nesakhiwo.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa nge-trajectory yokulawula yokunyakaza kwethuluzi lomshini
⑴ Ukulawulwa kwephuzu lomshini we-CNC olawulwa ngephoyinti kudinga kuphela ukuma okunembile kwezingxenye ezihambayo zethuluzi lomshini ukusuka kwelinye iphuzu ukuya kwelinye. Izimfuneko ze-trajectory yokunyakaza phakathi kwamaphoyinti aziqinile. Akukho ukucubungula okwenziwa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, futhi ukunyakaza phakathi kwezimbazo zokuxhumanisa akuhlobene. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuma okusheshayo nokunembile, umnyakazo wokugudluza phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili ngokuvamile uhamba ngokushesha kuqala bese usondela endaweni yokuma kancane ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kokuma. Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi, kuwumzila wokunyakaza wokulawula amaphuzu.
Amathuluzi omshini anemisebenzi yokulawula amaphuzu ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa imishini yokumba ye-CNC, imishini yokugaya i-CNC, imishini yokubhoboza ye-CNC, njll. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-CNC kanye nokwehliswa kwamanani esistimu ye-CNC, izinhlelo ze-CNC ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula amaphuzu kuphela azivamile.
⑵ Ukulawula umugqa Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC Ukulawula umugqa Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC abizwa nangokuthi amathuluzi omshini we-CNC wokulawula ukuhambisana. Izici zabo ukuthi ngaphezu kokuma okunembile phakathi kwamaphoyinti okulawula, ziphinde zilawule isivinini esihambayo kanye nomzila (i-trajectory) phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili ahlobene. Nokho, umzila wabo wokunyakaza uhambisana kuphela ne-eksisi yokuxhumanisa ithuluzi lomshini; okungukuthi, kune-eksisi yokuxhumanisa eyodwa kuphela elawulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa (okungukuthi, asikho isidingo somsebenzi wokubala we-interpolation ohlelweni lwe-CNC). Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthutha, ithuluzi lingasika ngesivinini esishiwo sokuphakelayo futhi ngokuvamile lingacubungula izingxenye eziwunxande nezinezinyathelo ezimise. Amathuluzi omshini anemisebenzi yokulawula umugqa ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa amalebula e-CNC alula, imishini yokugaya ye-CNC, izigayi ze-CNC, njll. Uhlelo lwe-CNC lwaleli thuluzi lomshini lubizwa nangokuthi uhlelo lwe-CNC lokulawula umugqa. Ngokufanayo, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC asetshenziswa kuphela ukulawula umugqa awavamile.
⑶ Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC wokulawula ukukhonkolo
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC okulawula ukukhonkolo abizwa nangokuthi amathuluzi omshini we-CNC wokulawula okuqhubekayo. Izici zabo zokulawula ukuthi zingakwazi ukulawula ngesikhathi esisodwa ukusuka kanye nesivinini sezixhumanisi ezinyakazayo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthi i-trajectory yokunyakaza ehlobene yethuluzi egudle ikhontayutha yesiqeshana sokusebenza ihlangabezana nekhontayutha yokucubungula ucezu lokusebenza, isilawuli sokugudluzwa kanye nokulawula isivinini sokunyakaza ngakunye kokudidiyela kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngokunembile ngokuvumelana nobudlelwano obunqunyiwe bokulinganisa. Ngakho-ke, kulolu hlobo lokulawula, idivayisi ye-CNC iyadingeka ukuze ibe nomsebenzi wokuhumusha. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi i-interpolation ukuchaza ukuma komugqa oqondile noma i-arc ngokusebenzisa ukucubungula kwezibalo ko-opharetha we-interpolation ohlelweni lwe-CNC ngokokufaka kwedatha eyisisekelo ngohlelo (njengama-endpoint coordinates omugqa oqondile, iphoyinti lokugcina. izixhumanisi ze-arc kanye nezixhumanisi ezimaphakathi noma irediyasi). Kulapho kubalwa, ama-pulses asatshalaliswa kusilawuli se-eksisi edidiyelwe ngayinye ngokuya ngemiphumela yokubala ukuze kulawulwe ukugudluka kokuxhumanisa kwe-eksisi yokuxhumanisa ngayinye ukuze ihambisane nekhontunu edingekayo. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, ithuluzi lihlala lisika ingaphezulu le-workpiece, futhi imigqa eqondile ehlukahlukene, ama-arcs, namajika angacutshungulwa. Umzila womshini wokulawula ikhonsathi. Lolu hlobo lwethuluzi lomshini luhlanganisa ikakhulukaziIzinhlobo ze-CNC, Imishini yokugaya i-CNC, imishini yokusika izintambo ze-CNC, izikhungo zomshini, njll., kanye nedivayisi yayo ehambisanayo ye-CNC ibizwa ngokuthi i-contour control. Ngokuya ngenani elihlukile lama-ekseli wokuxhumanisa eliwalawulayo, uhlelo lwe-CNC lungahlukaniswa lube amafomu alandelayo:
① Ukuxhumanisa ama-eksisi amabili: ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa amalathe e-CNC ukucubungula izindawo ezijikelezayo nomaI-CNC yokugayaimishini yokucubungula amasilinda agobile.
② I-semi-link ye-axis emibili: isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula amathuluzi omshini anezimbazo ezingaphezu kwezintathu, lapho izimbazo ezimbili zingaxhunywa, kanti enye i-eksisi ingaphakelwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
③ Ukuxhunyaniswa kwama-eksisi amathathu: Ngokujwayelekile ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba ezimbili, eyodwa iwukuxhunyaniswa kwezimbazo ezintathu zomugqa ezihlanganisa i-X/Y/Z, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini yokugaya ye-CNC, izikhungo zomshini, njll. Enye iwukuthi ngaphezu kwalokho kanye kanye ilawula izixhumanisi zomugqa ezimbili ku-X/Y/Z, iphinde ngesikhathi esisodwa ilawula i-eksisi yokuhlanganisa ezungezayo ezungeza eyodwa yezixhumanisi zomugqa izimbazo. Isibonelo, esikhungweni sokujika imishini, ngaphezu kokuxhumanisa ama-axis aqondile we-longitudinal (Z-axis) kanye ne-transverse (X-eksisi), futhi idinga ukulawula ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuxhunyaniswa kwe-spindle (C-eksisi) ezungezisayo. eduze kwe-axis ye-Z.
④ Ukuxhunyaniswa kwe-eksisi emine: Ngesikhathi esifanayo lawula ukuxhunyaniswa kwama-eksisi omugqa amathathu wokuxhumanisa X/Y/Z kanye ne-eksisi yokuxhumanisa ezungezayo.
⑤ Ukuxhuma kwama-eksisi amahlanu: Ngaphezu kokulawula ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuxhunyaniswa kwama-eksisi amathathu emigqa yomugqa X/Y/Z. Iphinde ilawule ngesikhathi esisodwa ama-eksisi amabili okuxhumanisa, A, B, kanye no-C, azungeza lawa ma-eksisi axhumanisayo, enze ukulawula kanyekanye kokuxhumanisa kwama-eksisi amahlanu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ithuluzi lingasethwa kunoma iyiphi indlela esikhaleni. Isibonelo, ithuluzi lilawulwa ukuthi lijike lizungeze i-x-eksisi kanye ne-eksisi ka-y ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze ithuluzi lihlale ligcina indlela evamile lapho i-contour surface icutshungulwa endaweni yayo yokusika ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushelela kwe-contour. indawo ecutshunguliwe ithuthukisa ukunemba kwayo kokucubungula kanye nokusebenza kahle kokucubungula futhi inciphise ukushuba kwendawo ecutshunguliwe.
2. Ukuhlelwa ngendlela yokulawula i-servo
⑴ Idrayivu ye-servo yokuphakelayo yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC wokulawula iluphu evulekile ivulekile; okusho ukuthi, ayikho idivayisi yempendulo yokuthola. Ngokuvamile, imoto yayo yokushayela iyi-stepper motor. Isici esiyinhloko se-stepper motor ukuthi i-motor ijikeleza i-angle yesinyathelo njalo lapho isifunda sokulawula sishintsha isignali ye-pulse umyalo, futhi injini ngokwayo inekhono lokuzikhiya. Umyalo wokuphakelayo ophumayo wesignali ngohlelo lwe-CNC ulawula umjikelezo wedrayivu ngomsabalalisi we-pulse. Ilawula ukuhanjiswa kwe-coordinate ngokushintsha inani lama-pulses, ilawula isivinini sokufuduka ngokushintsha imvamisa yama-pulses, futhi ilawula isiqondiso sokusuka ngokushintsha i-oda lokusabalalisa lama-pulses. Ngakho-ke, izici ezinkulu zale ndlela yokulawula ukulawula okulula, isakhiwo esilula, kanye nenani eliphansi. Ukugeleza kwesignali yomyalo okhishwe uhlelo lwe-CNC akuqondisiwe, ngakho-ke ayikho inkinga yokuzinza ohlelweni lokulawula. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi iphutha lokudluliswa komshini alilungiswa yimpendulo, ukunemba kokususwa akuphezulu. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC wakuqala wonke amukele le ndlela yokulawula, kodwa izinga lokuhluleka beliphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Njengamanje, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa komjikelezo wedrayivu, isasetshenziswa kabanzi. Ikakhulukazi ezweni lami, izinhlelo ze-CNC zezomnotho jikelele kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-CNC kwemishini yakudala ngokuvamile kusebenzisa le ndlela yokulawula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela yokulawula ingalungiswa nge-microcomputer ye-single-chip noma ikhompyutha yebhodi elilodwa njengedivayisi ye-CNC, enciphisa intengo yalo lonke uhlelo.
⑵ Amathuluzi omshini wokulawula iluphu evaliwe Idrayivu ye-servo yokuphakelayo yalolu hlobo lwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC isebenza ngemodi yokulawula impendulo eyiluphu evaliwe. I-drive motor yayo ingasebenzisa i-DC noma i-AC servo motors futhi idinga ukumiswa ngempendulo yesikhundla kanye nempendulo yesivinini. Ukususwa kwangempela kwezingxenye ezihambayo kutholwa nganoma isiphi isikhathi phakathi nokucubungula, futhi kubuyiselwa kusiqhathanisi ohlelweni lwe-CNC ngesikhathi. Iqhathaniswa nesignali yomyalo etholwe ngokusebenza kokuhumusha, futhi umehluko usetshenziswa njengesignali yokulawula ye-servo drive, eqhuba ingxenye yokususa ukuze kuqedwe iphutha lokususa. Ngokuya ngendawo yokufaka yesici sokuthola impendulo yendawo kanye nedivayisi yempendulo esetshenzisiwe, ihlukaniswe ngamamodi amabili okulawula: iluphu evalwe ngokugcwele kanye neluphu evalwe kancane.
① Ukulawula okugcwele kweluphu evaliwe Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, idivayisi yempendulo yendawo yayo isebenzisa into etholakala ngomugqa (okwamanje ngokuvamile eyirula) efakwe kusihlalo sethuluzi lomshini, okungukuthi, ukuthola ngokuqondile ukuphuma komugqa kwethuluzi lomshini. izixhumanisi. Iphutha lokudlulisa kuwo wonke amaketango okuhambisa ngomshini ukusuka kumotho ukuya kwisihlalo samathuluzi womshini lingaqedwa ngempendulo, ngaleyo ndlela kutholwe ukunemba kokuma okuphezulu okumile kwethuluzi lomshini. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izici zokungqubuzana, ukuqina, kanye nokucaciswa kwezixhumanisi eziningi zokudlulisa ngomshini kuyo yonke iluphu yokulawula zingekho umugqa, isikhathi sokuphendula esiguquguqukayo salo lonke uchungechunge lokuhambisa ngomshini sikhulu kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokuphendula ugesi. Lokhu kuletha ubunzima obukhulu ekulungiseni ukuzinza kwalo lonke uhlelo lwe-loop evaliwe, futhi ukwakheka nokulungiswa kwesistimu nakho kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela egcwele yokulawula iluphu evaliwe isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi imishini yokuxhumanisa i-CNC kanyeUkunemba kwe-CNCama-grinder anezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu.
② Isilawuli se-loop evalwe kancane Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, impendulo yendawo isebenzisa into yokuthola i-engeli (okwamanje ikakhulukazi izishumeki, njll.), efakwe ngokuqondile ku-servo motor noma ekugcineni kwesikulufu sokuhola. Njengoba izixhumanisi eziningi zokudlulisa imishini zingafakiwe ku-loop evaliwe yesistimu, kubizwa ukuthola isici sokulawula esizinzile. Amaphutha okudlulisela ngomshini njengezikulufu zomthofu awakwazi ukulungiswa noma nini ngempendulo, kodwa izindlela zesinxephezelo eziqhubekayo zesofthiwe zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kwazo ngokufanelekile. Njengamanje, amathuluzi amaningi omshini we-CNC asebenzisa izindlela zokulawula iluphu evalwe kancane
⑶ Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC wokulawula okuhlanganisiwe agxilisa ngokukhethekile izici zezindlela zokulawula ezingenhla ukuze akhe isikimu sokulawula esiyingxube. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, njengoba indlela yokulawula iluphu evulekile inozinzo oluhle, izindleko eziphansi, ukunemba okungalungile, futhi ukuzinza okugcwele kwe-loop evaliwe kumpofu, ukuze kunxeshezelwa komunye nomunye futhi kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokulawula zamathuluzi athile omshini, i-hybrid. indlela yokulawula kufanele yamukelwe. Izindlela ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu uhlobo lwesinxephezelo se-open-loop kanye nohlobo lwesinxephezelo se-semi-closed-loop
3. Ukuhlukaniswa ngezinga lokusebenza kohlelo lwe-CNC
Ngokwezinga lokusebenza kohlelo lwe-CNC, uhlelo lwe-CNC luvamise ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: eziphansi, eziphakathi, neziphezulu. Le ndlela yokuhlukanisa isetshenziswa kakhulu ezweni lami. Imingcele yamazinga amathathu aphansi, aphakathi nendawo, naphezulu ayalingana, futhi amazinga okuhlukanisa azohluka ngezikhathi ezihlukene. Uma sibheka ezingeni lamanje lentuthuko, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo ze-CNC zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu: eziphansi, eziphakathi, neziphezulu, ngokusho kweminye imisebenzi nezinkomba. Phakathi kwazo, i-medium ne-high-end ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-CNC esebenza ngokugcwele noma i-CNC evamile.
⑴ Ukusika insimbi kubhekisela kumathuluzi omshini we-CNC asebenzisa izinqubo zokusika ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokujika, ukugaya, umthelela, ukulungisa kabusha, ukubhola, ukugaya, nokuhlela. Ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili ezilandelayo.
① Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC ajwayelekile, njengamalebula e-CNC, imishini yokugaya ye-CNC, izigayi ze-CNC, njll.
② Isici esiyinhloko sesikhungo somshini yilabhulali yamathuluzi enomshini wokushintsha ithuluzi ozenzakalelayo; i-workpiece iboshiwe kanye. Ngemuva kokubopha, amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ashintshwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi izinqubo ezahlukahlukene ezinjengokugaya (ukujika), ukuphinda, ukubhola, nokuthepha kwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo ethuluzini lomshini elifanayo endaweni ngayinye yokucubungula yendawo yokusebenza, njengezikhungo (zokwakha/ukugaya) , izindawo zokujikela, izikhungo zokumba, njll.
⑵ Ukwakhiwa kwensimbi kubhekisela kumathuluzi omshini we-CNC asebenzisa izinqubo zokwakha ezifana nokukhipha, ukubhoboza, ukucindezela, nokudweba. Ezisetshenziswa ngokuvamile zihlanganisa CNC yokunyathelisa, CNC ukugoba imishini, CNC ipayipi egoba imishini, CNC ukuphotha imishini, njll.
⑶ Ukucubungula okukhethekile kufaka phakathi i-CNC wire EDM, imishini yokwenza i-CNC EDM, imishini yokusika ilangabi le-CNC, imishini yokucubungula i-laser ye-CNC, njll.
⑷ Imikhiqizo yokulinganisa nokudweba ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa imishini yokulinganisa emithathu, imishini yokuhlela amathuluzi e-CNC, abaklami be-CNC, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-05-2024