1.1 Ukufakwa kwebhodi lethuluzi lomshini we-CNC
1. Ngaphambi kokufika kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, umsebenzisi udinga ukulungisa ukufakwa ngokomdwebo wesisekelo sethuluzi lomshini onikezwe umenzi.. Izimbobo ezigodliwe kufanele zenziwe endaweni lapho kuzofakwa khona amabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa. Ngemva kokulethwa, izisebenzi ezithumayo zizolandela izinqubo zokuqaqa zokuthutha izingxenye zethuluzi lomshini endaweni yokufaka futhi zibeke izingxenye ezinkulu esisekelweni ngokulandela imiyalelo.
Uma sekukhona, amashimu, amaphedi okulungisa, namabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuwo kufanele kubekwe ngendlela efanele, bese izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zethuluzi lomshini zihlanganiswe ukuze zenze umshini ophelele. Ngemva komhlangano, izintambo, amapayipi kawoyela, namapayipi omoya kufanele kuxhunywe. Imanuwali yethuluzi lomshini ihlanganisa imidwebo yezintambo zikagesi kanye nemidwebo yepayipi yegesi kanye ne-hydraulic. Izintambo ezifanele namapayipi kufanele kuxhunywe ngayinye ngayinye ngokumaka.
2. Izinyathelo zokuzivikela kulesi sigaba zimi kanje.
Ngemva kokukhipha ithuluzi lomshini, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola imibhalo ehlukahlukene nezinto zokwakha, kuhlanganise nohlu lokupakisha lwamathuluzi omshini, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izingxenye, izintambo, nezinto ezisebhokisini lokupakisha ngalinye kufana nohlu lokupakisha.
Ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa izingxenye ezihlukene zethuluzi lomshini, kubalulekile ukususa upende ovimbela ukugqwala endaweni yokuxhuma yokufaka, amarayili angumhlahlandlela, nezindawo ezihlukahlukene ezihambayo futhi uhlanze kahle ingaphezulu lengxenye ngayinye.
Phakathi nenqubo yokuxhuma, qaphela kakhulu ukuhlanza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuthembekile nokubeka uphawu, futhi uhlole noma yikuphi ukuxega noma ukulimala. Ngemva kokuxhuma izintambo, qiniseka ukuthi uqinisa izikulufu zokulungisa ukuze uqinisekise ukuxhumana okuphephile. Lapho uxhuma amapayipi kawoyela nomoya, thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile ukuze uvimbele izinto zangaphandle ukuthi zingangeni epayipini elisuka esixhumi esibonakalayo, okungase kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lonke lwe-hydraulic. Ilunga ngalinye kufanele liqiniswe lapho kuxhunywa ipayipi. Uma izintambo namapayipi sekuxhunyiwe, kufanele kuvikelwe, futhi igobolondo lekhava yokuzivikela kufanele lifakwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubukeka okuhle.
1.2 Ukuxhumana kohlelo lwe-CNC
I-1) Ukuhlolwa kokupakisha kohlelo lwe-CNC.
Ngemva kokuthola isistimu eyodwa ye-CNC noma isistimu ye-CNC ephelele ethengwe ngethuluzi lomshini, kubalulekile ukuyihlola kahle. Lokhu kuhlola kufanele kufake umzimba wesistimu, iyunithi yokulawula isivinini sokuphakelayo okufanayo kanye ne-servo motor, kanye neyunithi yokulawula ukuphotha kanye nenjini yokuphotha.
2) Ukuxhumana kwezintambo zangaphandle.
Ukuxhunywa kwekhebula kwangaphandle kubhekisela ezintanjeni ezixhuma isistimu ye-CNC kuyunithi yangaphandle ye-MDI/CRT, ikhabethe lamandla, iphaneli yokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini, ulayini wamandla we-servo motor feed, ulayini wempendulo, ulayini wamandla we-spindle motor, kanye nempendulo. umugqa wesignali, kanye nejeneretha ye-pulse ehehwa ngesandla. Lezi zintambo kufanele zihambisane nebhukwana lokuxhuma elinikezwe umshini, futhi ucingo oluphansi kufanele luxhunywe ekugcineni.
3) Ukuxhumana kwentambo yamandla yesistimu ye-CNC.
Xhuma ikhebuli yokufaka yesistimu kagesi ye-CNC lapho inkinobho yamandla yekhabhinethi ye-CNC icishiwe.
4) Ukuqinisekiswa kwezilungiselelo.
Kunamaphuzu amaningi okulungisa ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe ohlelweni lwe-CNC, axhumene nezintambo ze-jumper. Lezi zidinga ukulungiselelwa okufanele ukuze zihambisane nezidingo ezithile zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamathuluzi omshini.
5) Ukuqinisekiswa kokufakwayo kwamandla kagesi, imvamisa, nokulandelana kwesigaba.
Ngaphambi kokufaka amandla kumasistimu ahlukahlukene e-CNC, kubalulekile ukuhlola amandla kagesi alawulwa yi-DC angaphakathi ahlinzeka uhlelo ngo-±5V, 24V, namanye ama-DC adingekayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi umthwalo walezi zinto zikagesi awufinyezwanga phansi. I-multimeter ingasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa lokhu.
6) Qinisekisa ukuthi itheminali yokuphuma kwamandla kagesi yeyunithi yokuphakelwa kukagesi ye-DC ifinyezwa phansi.
7) Vula amandla ekhabethe le-CNC bese uhlola ama-voltages okukhiphayo.
Ngaphambi kokuvula amandla, nqamula intambo yamandla enjini ukuze uphephe. Ngemva kokukhanyisa, hlola ukuthi abalandeli kukhabhinethi ye-CNC bayazungeza yini ukuze baqinisekise amandla.
8) Qinisekisa izilungiselelo zamapharamitha wesistimu ye-CNC.
9) Qinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwesistimu ye-CNC nethuluzi lomshini.
Ngemva kokuqeda izinyathelo ezishiwo ngenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi isistimu ye-CNC isilungisiwe futhi manje isilungele ukuhlolwa kwamandla ku-inthanethi ngethuluzi lomshini. Kuleli qophelo, ukunikezwa kwamandla ohlelweni lwe-CNC kungacishwa, ulayini wamandla wemoto ungaxhunywa, futhi isilungiselelo se-alamu singabuyiselwa.
1.3 Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC
Ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okufanele kwamathuluzi omshini, bheka imanuwali yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC ukuze uthole imiyalelo yokugcoba. Gcwalisa amaphuzu okugcoba ashiwo ngamafutha anconyiwe namafutha, hlanza ithangi likawoyela we-hydraulic kanye nesihlungi, futhi uphinde uligcwalise ngamafutha afanele okwenziwa nge-hydraulic. Ukwengeza, qiniseka ukuthi uxhuma umthombo womoya wangaphandle.
Lapho unika amandla ethuluzini lomshini, ungakhetha ukunika amandla zonke izingxenye ngesikhathi esisodwa noma unike amandla ingxenye ngayinye ngokuhlukile ngaphambi kokwenza isamba sokuhlolwa kokunikezwa kwamandla. Lapho uhlola uhlelo lwe-CNC nethuluzi lomshini, ngisho noma uhlelo lwe-CNC lusebenza ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwama-alamu, hlala ukulungele ukucindezela inkinobho yokumisa izimo eziphuthumayo ukuze unqamule amandla uma kunesidingo. Sebenzisa okuphakelayo okuqhubekayo okwenziwa ngesandla ukuze uhambise i-eksisi ngayinye futhi uqinisekise isiqondiso sokunyakaza esilungile sezingxenye zethuluzi lomshini ngevelu yokubonisa ye-CRT noma ye-DPL (isibonisi sedijithali).
Hlola ukuhambisana kwebanga lokunyakaza kwe-eksisi ngayinye nemiyalelo yokunyakaza. Uma kukhona ukungezwani, qinisekisa imiyalelo efanele, imingcele yempendulo, i-loop yokulawula isikhundla, nezinye izilungiselelo zepharamitha. Hambisa i-eksisi ngayinye ngesivinini esiphansi usebenzisa okuphakelayo okwenziwa mathupha, uqinisekise ukuthi bashaya iswishi ye-overtravel ukuze uhlole ukusebenza komkhawulo wokuhamba ngokweqile kanye nokuthi isistimu ye-CNC iyayikhipha yini i-alamu lapho ukuhamba ngokweqile kwenzeka. Buyekeza kahle ukuthi ingabe amanani esilungiselelo sepharamitha kusistimu ye-CNC kanye nedivayisi ye-PMC ahambisana nedatha eshiwo kudatha engahleliwe.
Hlola amamodi okusebenza ahlukahlukene (i-manual, inching, i-MDI, imodi ezenzakalelayo, njll.), imiyalelo ye-spindle shift, nemiyalelo yesivinini kuwo wonke amaleveli ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kwayo. Okokugcina, yenza ukubuyisela esenzweni sephoyinti lesithenjwa. Iphoyinti lereferensi lisebenza njengendawo eyinkomba yohlelo yokucubungula ithuluzi lomshini lesikhathi esizayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ubukhona bomsebenzi wephoyinti lesithenjwa futhi uqinisekise ukuma okungaguquki kokubuyisela kwephoyinti lesithenjwa isikhathi ngasinye.
1.4 Ukufakwa nokulungiswa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC
Njengokwebhukwana lethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile nokuphelele kwezingxenye eziyinhloko, okwenza zonke izici zethuluzi lomshini zisebenze futhi zihambe kahle. Icnc inqubo yokukhiqizakuhlanganisa ukulungisa izinga lombhede wethuluzi lomshini nokwenza izinguquko zokuqala ekunembeni okuyinhloko kwejometri. Kamuva, isikhundla esihlobene sezingxenye ezinyakazayo ezihlanganiswe kabusha kanye nomshini omkhulu kuyalungiswa. Ama-anchor bolt omshini oyinhloko kanye nezesekeli abese egcwaliswa ngosimende owomisa ngokushesha, futhi izimbobo ezigodliwe nazo zigcwaliswa, okuvumela usimende ukuba ome ngokuphelele.
Ukulungiswa kahle kwezinga lombhede oyinhloko wethuluzi lomshini esisekelweni esiqinile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-anchor bolts namashimu. Uma izinga selimisiwe, izingxenye ezihambayo embhedeni, njengekholomu eyinhloko, isilayidi, nebhentshi lokusebenza, ziyashukunyiswa ukuze zibheke ukuguqulwa okuvundlile kwethuluzi lomshini ngaphakathi kokushaya okugcwele kwesixhumanisi ngasinye. Ukunemba kwejiyomethri kwethuluzi lomshini bese liyalungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi liwela phakathi kwebanga elivumelekile lephutha. Izinga lokunemba, irula eliyisikwele elijwayelekile, irula eliyisicaba, ne-collimator kuphakathi kwamathuluzi okuthola asetshenziswa enqubweni yokulungisa. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, kugxilwa ngokuyinhloko ekulungiseni ama-shim, futhi uma kunesidingo, ukwenza ukuguqulwa okuncane emigqeni ye-inlay kanye nama-roller alayishwe ngaphambili kuma-rail angumhlahlandlela.
1.5 Ukusebenza kwesiguquli samathuluzi esikhungweni semishini
Ukuze uqalise inqubo yokushintshisana kwamathuluzi, ithuluzi lomshini liqondiswe ukuthi liye ngokuzenzakalela endaweni yokushintshanisa ithuluzi kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezithile ezifana ne-G28 Y0 Z0 noma i-G30 Y0 Z0. Ukuma kwethuluzi lokulayisha nokwehlisa i-manipulator elihlobene ne-spindle libe selilungiswa mathupha, ngosizo lwe-mandrel yokulinganisa ukuze kutholwe. Uma kutholwa noma yimaphi amaphutha, ukushaywa kwe-manipulator kungalungiswa, ukusekelwa kwe-manipulator kanye nesimo somagazini wamathuluzi kungasuswa, futhi ukulungiselelwa kwendawo yokushintsha ithuluzi kungashintshwa uma kunesidingo, ngokushintsha ukulungiselelwa kwepharamitha ohlelweni lwe-CNC.
Lapho ukulungiswa sekuqediwe, izikulufu zokulungisa kanye namabhawodi okunamathisela omagazini wamathuluzi ayaqiniswa. Ngokulandelayo, abanikazi bamathuluzi abambalwa abasondelene nesisindo esishiwo esivumelekile bayafakwa, futhi ukushintshana okuzenzakalelayo okuphindaphindekayo okusuka kumagazini wamathuluzi kuya ku-spindle kuyenziwa. Lezi zenzo kufanele zinembile, ngaphandle kokungqubuzana noma ukwehla kwamathuluzi.
Ngamathuluzi omshini afakwe amathebula okushintshana e-APC, ithebula lihanjiswa endaweni yokushintshanisa, futhi isikhundla esihlobene sesiteshi se-pallet kanye nendawo yetafula yokushintshanisa iyalungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe isenzo esibushelelezi, esithembekile, nesinembile phakathi nezinguquko zamathuluzi ezizenzakalelayo. Ukulandela lokhu, i-70-80% yomthwalo ovunyelwe ibekwe endaweni yokusebenza, futhi izenzo eziningi zokushintshisana ezizenzakalelayo zenziwa. Uma ukunemba sekufinyelelwe, izikulufu ezifanele ziyaqiniswa.
1.6 Ukusebenza kwesivivinyo kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC
Ngemuva kokufakwa nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, wonke umshini udinga ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zomthwalo ukuze uhlole kahle imisebenzi yomshini kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza. Awukho umthethonqubo ojwayelekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, igijima amahora angu-8 ngosuku ngokuqhubekayo izinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-3, noma amahora angu-24 ngokuqhubekayo usuku olu-1 kuya kwezi-2. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi umsebenzi wesilingo ngemva kokufakwa.
Inqubo yokuhlola kufanele ihlanganise ukuhlola imisebenzi yohlelo oluyinhloko lwe-CNC, ukufaka ngokuzenzakalelayo esikhundleni u-2/3 wamathuluzi kumagazini wamathuluzi, ukuhlola isivinini esiphezulu, esiphansi, nesivame ukusetshenziswa se-spindle, isivinini sokuphakela esisheshayo nesivame ukusetshenziswa, ukushintshana okuzenzakalelayo. yendawo yokusebenza, nokusebenzisa imiyalelo eyinhloko engu-M. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesilingo, umagazini wamathuluzi wethuluzi lomshini kufanele ugcwale izibambi zamathuluzi, isisindo somphathi wamathuluzi kufanele sibe seduze nesisindo esishiwo esivumelekile, futhi umthwalo kufanele futhi wengezwe endaweni yokusebenza yokushintshisana. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesivivinyo, awekho amaphutha ethuluzi lomshini avunyelwe ukuthi enzeka ngaphandle kwamaphutha adalwa amaphutha okusebenza. Uma kungenjalo, ikhombisa izinkinga ngokufakwa nokuthunywa kwethuluzi lomshini.
1.7 Ukwamukelwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC
Ngemva kokuthi abasebenzi abagunyaza ithuluzi lomshini sebeqede ukufakwa nokusetshenziswa kwethuluzi lomshini, umsebenzi wokwamukela ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC uhlanganisa ukukala izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezihlukahlukene kusitifiketi sethuluzi lomshini. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nezimo zokwamukela ezishiwo kusitifiketi sokuhlolwa kwemboni yethuluzi lomshini kusetshenziswa izindlela zokutholwa zangempela ezinikeziwe. Imiphumela yokwamukela izosebenza njengesisekelo sokugcinwa kwezinkomba zobuchwepheshe esikhathini esizayo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokwamukela uchazwe kanje:
1) Ukuhlolwa kokubukeka kwethuluzi lomshini: Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe nokwamukelwa kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, ukubukeka kwekhabhinethi ye-CNC kufanele kuhlolwe futhi kwamukelwe.Lokhu kufanele kufake izici ezilandelayo:
① Hlola ikhabhinethi ye-CNC ngomonakalo noma ukungcola usebenzisa iso lenyama. Hlola izinyanda zekhebula zokuxhuma ezilimele kanye nezendlalelo ezixebukayo ezivikelayo.
② Hlola ukucinana kwezingxenye kukhabhinethi ye-CNC, okuhlanganisa izikulufu, izixhumi, namabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe.
③ Ukuhlolwa kokubukeka kwe-servo motor: Ikakhulukazi, indawo yokuhlala ye-servo motor ene-pulse encoder kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi isiphetho sayo esingemuva.
2) Ukusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini kanye nokuhlolwa komsebenzi we-NC. Manje, thatha isikhungo semishini esime mpo njengesibonelo ukuze uchaze ezinye zezinto eziyinhloko zokuhlola.
① Ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-spindle.
② Ukusebenza kwesistimu yokuphakelayo.
③ Uhlelo lokushintsha ithuluzi oluzenzakalelayo.
④ Umsindo wethuluzi lomshini. Umsindo ophelele wethuluzi lomshini ngesikhathi sokungenzi lutho akufanele udlule ku-80 dB.
⑤ Idivayisi kagesi.
⑥ Idivayisi yokulawula idijithali.
⑦ Idivayisi yokuphepha.
⑧ Idivayisi yokuthambisa.
⑨ Idivayisi yomoya neyoketshezi.
⑩ Insiza yedivayisi.
⑪ CNC umsebenzi.
⑫ Umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokungalayishi.
3) Ukunemba kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC libonisa amaphutha ejiyomethri ezingxenyeni zalo zomshini ezibalulekile kanye nokuhlanganisa. Ngezansi kunemininingwane yokuhlola ukunemba kwejiyomethri yesikhungo esivamile sokuma mpo esiqondile.
① Ukucaba kwetafula lokusebenza.
② I-Perpendicularity ehambisanayo yokuhamba endaweni ngayinye yokuxhumanisa.
③ Ukufana kwe-worktable lapho uhamba ngendlela ye-X-coordinate.
④ Ukufana kwethebula lokusebenza lapho uhamba ngokuqondisa kuka-Y.
⑤ Ukufana kohlangothi lwe-T-slot ye-worktable lapho uhamba ngendlela ye-X-coordinate.
⑥ Ukuphuma kwe-axial kwe-spindle.
⑦ Ukuphuma kwe-radial kwembobo yokuphotha.
⑧ Ukufana kwe-axis yokuphotha lapho ibhokisi lokuphotha lihamba libheke ku-Z-coordinate.
⑨ I-Perpendicularity ye-axis ejikelezayo emaphakathi yomugqa oya kuthebula lokusebenza.
⑩ Ukuqondisa kwebhokisi lokuphotha elihamba libheke ku-Z-coordinate.
4) Ukuhlolwa kokunemba kokumiswa kwethuluzi lomshini kuwukuhlola ukunemba okufinyelelekayo ngezingxenye ezihambayo zethuluzi lomshini elingaphansi kolawulo lwedivayisi ye-CNC. Okuqukethwe kokuhlola okuyinhloko kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokunemba kokuma.
① Ukunemba kokuma kokuma komugqa (okuhlanganisa i-X, Y, Z, U, V, ne-eksisi ye-W).
② ukunemba kokuphinda kokuma kokunyakaza komugqa.
③ Buyisela Ukunemba komsuka womshini we-eksisi yokunyakaza yomugqa.
④ Ukunqunywa kwenani lomfutho olahlekile ekunyakazeni komugqa.
⑤ Ukunemba kokuma kokunyakaza okujikelezayo (i-axis ye-turntable A, B, C).
⑥ Phinda ukunemba kokuma kokunyakaza okujikelezayo.
⑦ Buyisela Ukunemba komsuka we-axis ejikelezayo.
⑧ Ukunqunywa kwenani lomfutho olahlekile ekunyakazeni kwe-axis ejikelezayo.
I-5) Ukuhlolwa kokunemba kwethuluzi lomshini kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokunemba kwejometri kanye nokunemba kokuma kwethuluzi lomshini ekusebenzeni kokusika nokucubungula. Kumongo wokuzenzakalela kwemboni ezikhungweni zemishini, ukunemba ekucutshungulweni okukodwa kuyindawo eyinhloko okugxilwe kuyo.
① Ukunemba Okuyisicefe.
② Ukunemba kwendiza yokugaya yomshini wokuphela (indiza ye-XY).
③ Ukunemba kwephimbo lembobo eyisicefe kanye nokuhlakazwa kobubanzi bembobo.
④ Ukunemba komugqa wokugaya.
⑤ Ukunemba kokugaya umugqa otshekile.
⑥ Ukunemba kokugaya kwe-arc.
⑦ Ibhokisi eliphendukayo liyi-coaxiality eliyisicefe (lamathuluzi omshini avundlile).
⑧ Ukuphenduka okuvundlile okuvundlile okungu-90° isikwele sokugayacnc processingukunemba (kwamathuluzi omshini ovundlile).
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-16-2024