1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsimbi zokulinganisa
Ithuluzi lokulinganisa liyidivayisi enefomu elingashintshi esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza kabusha noma ukunikeza inani elilodwa noma amaningi awaziwayo. Amathuluzi okulinganisa angahlukaniswa abe yizigaba ezilandelayo ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwawo:
Ithuluzi lokulinganisa inani elilodwa:Ithuluzi elibonisa inani elilodwa kuphela. Ingasetshenziselwa ukulinganisa nokulungisa amanye amathuluzi okulinganisa noma njengenani elijwayelekile lokuqhathanisa ngokuqondile nento elinganisiwe, njengamabhulokhi okulinganisa, amabhlogo okulinganisa ama-engeli, njll.
Ithuluzi lokulinganisa lamanani amaningi:Ithuluzi elingabonisa isethi yamanani afanayo. Ingase futhi ilinganise futhi ilungise ezinye izisetshenziswa zokulinganisa noma iqhathanise ngokuqondile nenani elilinganiselwe njengezinga, njengerula lomugqa.
Amathuluzi okulinganisa akhethekile:Amathuluzi aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlola ipharamitha ethile. Ezivamile zihlanganisa amageji omkhawulo abushelelezi okuhlola izimbobo noma amashafti abushelelezi, amageji entambo ukuze kutholwe ukufaneleka kwemicu yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle, izifanekiso zokuhlola ukuze kutholwe ukufaneleka kwamakhonsathi angaphezulu amise okuyinkimbinkimbi, amageji asebenzayo okuhlola ukunemba komhlangano kusetshenziswa ukudlula komhlangano okulingiswayo, njalo njalo.
Amathuluzi okulinganisa ajwayelekile:E-China, amathuluzi okulinganisa anezakhiwo ezilula ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi amathuluzi okulinganisa asemhlabeni wonke, njengama-vernier caliper, ama-micrometer angaphandle, izinkomba zokudayela, njll.
2. Izinkomba zokusebenza kobuchwepheshe zamathuluzi okulinganisa
Inani lokuzisholo
Inani legama lichazwe ethuluzini lokulinganisa ukuze libonise izici zalo noma liqondise ukusetshenziswa kwalo. Kuhlanganisa izilinganiso ezimakwe kubhulokhi yokulinganisa, irula, ama-engeli amakwe kubhulokhi yokulinganisa i-engeli, njalonjalo.
Inani lokuhlukanisa
Inani lokuhlukanisa liwumehluko phakathi kwamanani amelwe imigqa emibili encikene (inani elincane leyunithi) eruleni yethuluzi lokulinganisa. Isibonelo, uma umehluko phakathi kwamanani amelwe imigqa emibili eqoshiwe encikene kusilinda ehlukile ye-micrometer yangaphandle ingu-0.01mm, inani lokuhlukanisa lethuluzi lokulinganisa lingu-0.01mm. Inani lokuhlukanisa limelela inani elincane leyunithi ithuluzi lokulinganisa elingasifunda ngokuqondile, libonisa ukunemba kwalo nokunemba kwesilinganiso.
Ibanga lokulinganisa
Ibanga lokulinganisa liwububanzi obusuka kumkhawulo ophansi ukuya kumkhawulo ongaphezulu yenani elilinganiselwe ithuluzi lokulinganisa elingalinganisa ngaphakathi kokungaqiniseki okuvunyelwe. Isibonelo, ububanzi bokulinganisa be-micrometer yangaphandle ngu-0-25mm, 25-50mm, njll., kuyilapho ububanzi bokulinganisa besiqhathanisi somshini buyi-0-180mm.
Amandla okulinganisa
Amandla okulinganisa asho ingcindezi yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-probe yensimbi yokulinganisa nendawo elinganiselwe phakathi nesilinganiso sokuthintana. Amandla okulinganisa amaningi angabangela ukuwohloka okunwebekayo, kuyilapho amandla okulinganisa anganele angathinta ukuzinza kokuxhumana.
Iphutha lenkomba
Iphutha lenkomba umehluko phakathi kokufundwa kwethuluzi lokulinganisa kanye nenani langempela elilinganiswayo. Ibonisa amaphutha ahlukahlukene ensimbini yokulinganisa ngokwayo. Iphutha lenkomba liyahlukahluka ezindaweni zokusebenza ezihlukene ngaphakathi kwebanga lezinkomba zethuluzi. Ngokuvamile, amabhulokhi okulinganisa noma amanye amazinga anemba okufanele angasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe iphutha lenkomba lamathuluzi okulinganisa.
3, Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi wokulinganisa
Ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yiziphi izilinganiso, kubalulekile ukukhetha ithuluzi lokulinganisa elilungile ngokusekelwe kuzici ezithile zengxenye ehlolwayo, njengobude, ububanzi, ubude, ukujula, ububanzi bangaphandle, nomehluko wesigaba. Ungasebenzisa ama-caliper, amageji obude, ama-micrometer, nezikali zokujula ngezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene. I-micrometer noma i-caliper ingasetshenziswa ukukala ububanzi bomgodi. Ama-plug gauge, ama-block gauge, nama-feeler gauges afanele ukulinganisa izimbobo nemigodi. Sebenzisa irula eliyisikwele ukuze ulinganise ama-engeli alungile ezingxenye, igeji engu-R yokulinganisa inani lika-R, futhi ucabangele ubukhulu besithathu nezilinganiso ze-aniline lapho kudingeka ukunemba okuphezulu noma ukubekezelelana kokulingana okuncane noma lapho kubalwa ukubekezelelwa kwejiyomethri. Okokugcina, umhloli wokuqina ungasetshenziswa ukukala ubulukhuni bensimbi.
1. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Calipers
Ama-Caliper angamathuluzi ahlukahlukene angakwazi ukukala ububanzi bangaphakathi nangaphandle, ubude, ububanzi, ukujiya, umehluko wesinyathelo, ubude, nokujula kwezinto. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokucubungula ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yokunemba kwazo nokunemba. Ama-caliper edijithali, anesixazululo esingu-0.01mm, aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukulinganisa ubukhulu ngokubekezelelana okuncane, okuhlinzeka ngokunemba okuphezulu.
Ikhadi lethebula: Ukulungiswa kuka-0.02mm, kusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa usayizi ovamile.
I-Vernier caliper: ukulungiswa okungu-0.02mm, kusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okulukhuni komshini.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-caliper, iphepha elimhlophe elihlanzekile kufanele lisetshenziswe ukususa uthuli nokungcola ngokusebenzisa indawo yokulinganisa yangaphandle ye-caliper ukuze ubambe iphepha elimhlophe bese ulikhipha ngokwemvelo, uphinda izikhathi ezingu-2-3.
Uma usebenzisa i-caliper ukulinganisa, qinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokulinganisa ye-caliper ihambisana noma i-perpendicular endaweni yokulinganisa yento elinganiswayo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uma usebenzisa ukulinganisa ukujula, uma into elinganiswayo ine-engeli engu-R, kuyadingeka ukugwema i-engeli engu-R kodwa uhlale useduze nayo. Igeji yokujula kufanele igcinwe i-perpendicular ubude obulinganiswayo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uma ukala isilinda nge-caliper, zungeza futhi ulinganise ngezigaba ukuze uthole inani eliphezulu.
Ngenxa yemvamisa ephezulu yama-caliper asetshenziswayo, umsebenzi wokulungisa udinga ukwenziwa ngendlela engcono kakhulu ongakwazi ngayo. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, kufanele zisulwe futhi zifakwe ebhokisini. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ibhulokhi yokulinganisa kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuhlola ukunemba kwe-caliper.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Micrometer
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imakhromitha, hlanza indawo oxhumene nayo nesikulufu ngephepha elimhlophe elihlanzekile. Sebenzisa imakhromitha ukukala indawo yokuxhumana kanye nendawo yesikulufu ngokubophela iphepha elimhlophe bese ulikhipha ngokwemvelo izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Bese, sonta ifindo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthintana okusheshayo phakathi kwezindawo. Lapho bexhumene ngokugcwele, sebenzisa ukulungisa okuhle. Ngemuva kokuthi izinhlangothi zombili zixhumene ngokugcwele, lungisa iphoyinti elinguziro bese uqhubeka nesilinganiso. Lapho ukala i-hardware nge-micrometer, lungisa i-knob futhi usebenzise ukulungiswa okuhle ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ucezu lokusebenza luthintwa ngokushesha. Uma uzwa imisindo emithathu yokuchofoza, yima futhi ufunde idatha evela kusikrini esibonisiwe noma isikali. Ngemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, thinta ngobumnene indawo yokuxhumana bese usikulufa ngomkhiqizo. Lapho ukala ububanzi be-shaft nge-micrometer, linganisa okungenani izikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili futhi urekhode inani eliphakeme ezigabeni. Qinisekisa ukuthi zombili izindawo zokuthintana ze-micrometer zihlanzekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze unciphise amaphutha okulinganisa.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwerula lokuphakama
I-gauge yobude isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukulinganisa ubude, ukujula, flatness, perpendicularity, concentricity, coaxiality, surface roughness, gear tooth runout, kanye nokujula. Uma usebenzisa i-gauge yobude, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola ukuthi ikhanda lokulinganisa nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zokuxhuma zikhululekile yini.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwamageji okuzizwa
I-feeler gauge ifaneleka ukulinganisa ukucaba, ukugoba, nokuqondile
Isilinganiso se-flatness:
Beka izingxenye endaweni yesikhulumi bese ukala igebe phakathi kwezingxenye kanye nesiteji ngegeji yokuzizwa (qaphela: igeji yokuzizwa kufanele icindezelwe ngokuqinile endaweni yesikhulumi ngaphandle kwegebe ngesikhathi sokulinganisa)
Isilinganiso sokuqina:
Zungezisa ingxenye esepulatifomu kanye bese ukala igebe phakathi kwengxenye neplatifomu ngegeji yokuzizwa.
Isilinganiso sokugoba:
Beka izingxenye endaweni yesikhulumi bese ukhetha igeji yokuzizwa ehambisanayo ukuze ulinganise igebe phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili noma phakathi kwezingxenye kanye neplatifomu.
Isilinganiso sokuma:
Beka uhlangothi olulodwa lwe-engeli enguziro elinganisiwe endaweni yesikhulumi, bese ubeka olunye uhlangothi ngokuqinile ngokumelene nerula ye-engeli engakwesokudla. Sebenzisa i-feeler gauge ukukala igebe elikhulu phakathi kwengxenye nerula ye-engeli elungile.
5. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-plug gauge (inaliti):
Ifanele ukukala ububanzi bangaphakathi, ububanzi begroove, nokuvuleka kwezimbobo.
Uma ububanzi bembobo engxenyeni bukhulu futhi ingekho igeji yenaliti elifanele elitholakalayo, amageji amabili wamapulaki angasetshenziswa ndawonye ukuze kulinganiswe indlela engu-360-degree. Ukugcina amageji epulaki esendaweni nokwenza ukukala kube lula, angavikelwa kubhulokhi kazibuthe emise okuka-V.
Isilinganiso sokuvula
Isilinganiso sembobo yangaphakathi: Lapho ukala indawo yokungena, ukungena kubhekwa njengokufanelekile, njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni olandelayo.
Qaphela: Uma ukala nge-plug gauge, kufanele ifakwe iqonde phezulu hhayi ngokudayagonali.
6. Insimbi yokulinganisa enembile: i-anime
I-anime iyithuluzi lokulinganisa elingaxhunywanga elinikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu nokunemba. Isici sokuzwa sensimbi yokulinganisa ayithinti ngokuqondile indawo elinganisiweizingxenye zezokwelapha, ngakho awekho amandla emishini asebenza esilinganisweni.
I-anime idlulisela isithombe esithwetshuliwe ekhadini lokutholwa kwedatha lekhompuyutha ngokuqagela ngomugqa wedatha, bese isofthiwe iveza izithombe kukhompuyutha. Ingakwazi ukukala izakhi ezihlukahlukene zejiyomethri (amaphuzu, imigqa, imibuthano, ama-arcs, ama-ellipses, ama-rectangles), amabanga, ama-engeli, izindawo zokuhlangana, nokubekezelelana kwe-positional (ukujikeleza, ukuqondile, ukufana, i-perpendicularity, ukuthambekela, ukunemba kwendawo, ukugxila, ukulinganisa) ezingxenyeni. , futhi ingenza futhi umdwebo we-contour we-2D nokukhipha kwe-CAD. Leli thuluzi aligcini nje ngokuvumela ukukhonta kwengxenye yokusebenza ukuthi kubonwe kodwa futhi lingalinganisa umumo ongaphezulu wezinto zokusebenza ezikhanyayo.
Isilinganiso sesici sejiyomethri esivamile: Indingilizi engaphakathi engxenyeni eboniswe emfanekisweni iyi-engeli ebukhali futhi ingakalwa kuphela ngokuqagela.
Ukubhekwa kwendawo yomshini we-electrode: ilensi ye-anime inomsebenzi wokukhulisa ukuze ihlole ukuhwaqa ngemva komshini we-electrode (khulisa isithombe izikhathi eziyi-100).
Isilinganiso esincane se-groove esijulile
Ukutholwa kwesango:Ngesikhathi sokucubungula isikhunta, kuvame ukuba namasango athile afihlwe ku-slot, futhi amathuluzi okuthola ahlukahlukene awavunyelwe ukuwakala. Ukuze sithole usayizi wesango, singasebenzisa udaka lwenjoloba ukuze sinamathele esangweni lenjoloba. Khona-ke, ukwakheka kwesango lenjoloba kuzophrintwa ngobumba. Ngemva kwalokho, ubukhulu besitembu sobumba bungalinganiswa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-caliper.
Qaphela: Njengoba kungekho amandla emishini ngesikhathi sokulinganisa i-anime, isilinganiso se-anime sizosetshenziswa ngokusemandleni emikhiqizweni emincane nethambile.
7. Amathuluzi okulinganisa okunembayo: ama-three-dimensional
Izici zokulinganisa kwe-3D zifaka ukunemba okuphezulu (kufika kuleveli engu-µm) kanye nendawo yonke. Ingasetshenziselwa ukukala izakhi zejiyomethri ezifana namasilinda namakhoni, ukubekezelelana kwejometri njenge-cylindricity, flatness, iphrofayili yomugqa, iphrofayili yendawo, kanye ne-coaxial, nezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Inqobo nje uma i-probe enezinhlangothi ezintathu ingafinyelela endaweni, ingakala ubukhulu bejiyomethri, ukuma okuhlangene, kanye nephrofayili yendawo. Ukwengeza, amakhompyutha angasetshenziswa ukucubungula idatha. Ngokunemba kwayo okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka, namandla edijithali, ukukala kwe-3D sekuphenduke ithuluzi elibalulekile lokucubungula isikhunta sesimanje, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi.
Okunye ukubumba kuyalungiswa futhi okwamanje akunayo imidwebo ye-3D etholakalayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amanani okuxhumanisa ama-elementi ahlukene kanye namakhonto angaphezulu angalinganiswa. Lezi zilinganiso bese zithunyelwa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yokudweba ukuze kudalwe izithombe ze-3D ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezilinganisiwe. Le nqubo inika amandla ukucutshungulwa nokulungiswa okusheshayo nokunembayo. Ngemva kokusetha izixhumanisi, noma yiliphi iphuzu lingasetshenziswa ukukala amanani wokuxhumanisa.
Lapho usebenza ngezingxenye ezicutshunguliwe, kungaba inselele ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nomklamo noma ukuthola ukulingana okungavamile ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa, ikakhulukazi lapho usebenza namakhontolo angaphezulu angajwayelekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, akunakwenzeka ukukala izakhi zejometri ngokuqondile. Nokho, imodeli ye-3D ingangeniswa ukuze iqhathanise izilinganiso nezingxenye, isize ukuhlonza amaphutha omshini. Amanani alinganisiwe amelela ukuchezuka phakathi kwamanani angempela nawethiyori, futhi angalungiswa kalula futhi athuthukiswe. (Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa idatha yokuchezuka phakathi kwamanani akalwayo nawethiyori).
8. Ukusetshenziswa komhloli wokuqina
Izihloli zokuqina ezivame ukusetshenziswa yi-Rockwell hardness tester (ideskithophu) kanye ne-Leeb hardness tester (ephathekayo). Amayunithi okuqina asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Rockwell HRC, i-Brinell HB, ne-Vickers HV.
Umhloli wokuqina we-Rockwell HR (umhloli wokuqina wedeskithophu)
Indlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Rockwell isebenzisa ikhoni yedayimane ene-engeli ephezulu engu-120 degrees noma ibhola lensimbi elinobubanzi obungu-1.59/3.18mm. Lokhu kucindezelwa ebusweni bento ehloliwe ngaphansi komthwalo othile, futhi ukuqina kwento kunqunywa ukujula kokuhlehlisa. Ubulukhuni obuhlukene bezinto ezibonakalayo bungahlukaniswa ngezikali ezintathu ezihlukene: i-HRA, i-HRB, ne-HRC.
I-HRA ikala ubulukhuni isebenzisa umthwalo ongu-60kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane, futhi isetshenziselwa izinto ezinokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu, njenge-hard alloy.
I-HRB ikala ubulukhuni isebenzisa umthwalo ongu-100kg kanye nebhola lensimbi elicishiwe elingu-1.58mm ububanzi, futhi isetshenziselwa izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphansi, njengensimbi ehlanganisiwe, insimbi ecijile, ne-alloy copper.
I-HRC ikala ubulukhuni isebenzisa umthwalo ongu-150kg kanye ne-indenter yekhoni yedayimane, futhi isetshenziselwa izinto ezinokuqina okuphezulu, njengensimbi ecishiwe, insimbi epholile, insimbi ecishiwe nepholile, nensimbi ethile engagqwali.
Ukuqina kwe-Vickers HV (ikakhulukazi ukukala ubulukhuni bobuso)
Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okuncane kakhulu, sebenzisa i-indenter yesikwele sekhoni yedayimane enomthwalo omkhulu ongu-120 kg kanye ne-engeli ephezulu engu-136° ukuze ucindezele endaweni yezinto futhi ulinganise ubude be-diagonal bokuhlehlisa. Le ndlela ifanele ukuhlola ubulukhuni bezingcezu zokusebenza ezinkulu kanye nezingqimba ezijulile zangaphezulu.
I-Leeb hardness HL (umhloli wokuqina ophathwayo)
Ukuqina kwe-Leeb kuyindlela yokuhlola ubulukhuni. Inani lokuqina kwe-Leeb libalwa njengesilinganiso sesivinini sokubuya kwesisindo somzimba onomthelela wenzwa yokuqina ukuya kusivinini somthelela ebangeni elingu-1mm ukusuka endaweni yokusebenza ngesikhathi somthelela.cnc inqubo yokukhiqiza, iphindwe ngo-1000.
Izinzuzo:Umhloli wokuqina ka-Leeb, osuselwe kuthiyori yobulukhuni be-Leeb, uguqule izindlela zokuhlola ubulukhuni ezivamile. Usayizi omncane wenzwa yokuqina, efana naleyo yepeni, uvumela ukuhlolwa kokuqina okubanjwa ngesandla ezindaweni zokusebenza ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene endaweni yokukhiqiza, ikhono abanye abahloli bokuqina bedeskithophu abazabalaza ukulifanisa.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-23-2024