Ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele amakhono omshini we-CNC, abaklami kufanele baklame ngokwemithetho ethile yokukhiqiza. Nokho, lokhu kungaba inselele ngoba amazinga athile embonini awekho. Kulesi sihloko, sihlanganise umhlahlandlela ophelele wezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuklama zemishini ye-CNC. Sigxile ekuchazeni ukuthi kungenzeka yini izinhlelo zesimanje ze-CNC futhi sizishaye indiva izindleko ezihambisanayo. Ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela wokuklama izingxenye ze-CNC ngendlela engabizi, bheka lesi sihloko.
CNC Machining
I-CNC machining iyindlela yokukhiqiza ekhiphayo. Ku-CNC, amathuluzi okusika ahlukene azungeza ngesivinini esikhulu (izinkulungwane ze-RPM) asetshenziselwa ukuqeda izinto ezivela kubhulokhi eqinile ukuze kwakhiwe ingxenye esekelwe kumodeli ye-CAD. Kokubili izinsimbi namapulasitiki kungenziwa ngomshini kusetshenziswa i-CNC.
Imishini ye-CNC inikezela ngokunemba okuphezulu kwe-dimensional kanye nokubekezelelana okuqinile okulungele kokubili ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu kanye nemisebenzi eyodwa. Eqinisweni, okwamanje iyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokukhiqiza ama-prototypes ensimbi, ngisho noma iqhathaniswa nokuphrinta kwe-3D.
Imikhawulo ye-CNC Main Design
I-CNC inikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle kokuklama, kodwa kunemikhawulo ethile yokuklama. Le mikhawulo ihlobene nemishini eyisisekelo yenqubo yokusika, ikakhulukazi ku-geometry yamathuluzi kanye nokufinyelela kwamathuluzi.
1. Isimo Sethuluzi
Amathuluzi e-CNC avame kakhulu, njengezigayo zokuphela kanye nama-drill, angama-cylindrical futhi anobude bokusika obulinganiselwe. Njengoba impahla isuswa ku-workpiece, ukuma kwethuluzi kuphindaphindwa engxenyeni eyenziwe ngomshini.
Isibonelo, lokhu kusho ukuthi amakhona angaphakathi engxenye ye-CNC azohlala enerediyasi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithuluzi elisetshenzisiwe lingakanani.
2. Ukushaya Ithuluzi
Lapho ususa izinto ezibonakalayo, ithuluzi lisondela ku-workpiece ngqo kusuka phezulu. Lokhu akunakwenziwa ngomshini we-CNC, ngaphandle kwama-undercuts, esizoxoxa ngawo kamuva.
Kuwumkhuba omuhle wokuklama ukuvumelanisa zonke izici zemodeli, njengezimbobo, izimbobo, nezindonga eziqondile, ngenye yezikhombisi-ndlela eziyisithupha eziyinhloko. Lesi isiphakamiso esingaphezu kokuvinjelwa, ikakhulukazi njengoba amasistimu e-CNC e-5-eksisi anikezela ngamakhono okuphatha umsebenzi athuthukile.
Ukusebenza kwamathuluzi kuyakhathaza lapho kwenziwa izingxenye ezinezici ezine-aspect ratio enkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufinyelela ngaphansi komgodi ojulile kudinga ithuluzi elikhethekile eline-shaft ende, elinganciphisa ukuqina komphumela, kukhuphule ukudlidliza, futhi kunciphise ukunemba okufinyelelekayo.
Imithetho Yokuklama Inqubo ye-CNC
Lapho uklama izingxenye zemishini ye-CNC, enye yezinselelo ukungabikho kwamazinga athile embonini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umshini we-CNC nabakhiqizi bamathuluzi baqhubeka bethuthukisa amakhono abo obuchwepheshe, ngaleyo ndlela bandise ububanzi balokho okungazuzwa. Ngezansi, sinikeze ithebula elifingqa amanani anconyiwe futhi angenzeka ezicini ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala ezingxenyeni zomshini ze-CNC.
1. Amaphakethe kanye Nezinsika
Khumbula umbhalo olandelayo: “Ukujula Kwephakethe Okunconyiwe: Ububanzi Bephakethe Lezikhathi Ezi-4. Izigayo zokugcina zinobude obunqunyelwe bokusika, ngokuvamile izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ububanzi bazo. Uma isilinganiso sokujula kobubanzi sincane, izinkinga ezinjengokuchezuka kwethuluzi, ukuphuma kwe-chip, nokudlidliza kuba sobala kakhulu. Ukuze uqinisekise imiphumela emihle, linganisela ukujula komgodi izikhathi ezine ububanzi bawo.”
Uma udinga ukujula okwengeziwe, ungase uthande ukucabanga ngokuklama ingxenye enomgodi oguquguqukayo wokujula (bona isithombe esingenhla ukuze uthole isibonelo). Uma kuziwa ekugayweni komgodi ojulile, umgodi uhlukaniswa njengokujulile uma ukujula kwawo kungaphezu kobubanzi obuphindwe kasithupha bethuluzi elisetshenziswayo. Amathuluzi akhethekile avumela ukujula okukhulu okungama-30 cm ngomshini wokugcina oyiyintshi engu-1-intshi, okulingana nobubanzi bethuluzi nesilinganiso sokujula komgodi ongu-30:1.
2. Unqenqema lwangaphakathi
Irediyasi yekhona eqondile: ⅓ x ukujula komgodi (noma ngaphezulu) kuyanconywa
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amanani aphakamisiwe erediyasi yekhona ukuze ukhethe ithuluzi losayizi olungile kanye nokuthobela imihlahlandlela enconyiwe yokujula komgodi. Ukukhulisa kancane irediyasi yekhona ngaphezu kwevelu enconyiwe (isb, ngo-1 mm) kuvumela ithuluzi ukuthi lisike endleleni eyindilinga esikhundleni se-engeli engu-90°, okuholela ekuqedeni okungcono kwendawo. Uma ikhona elicijile elingu-90° lidingeka, cabanga ukwengeza i-undercut emise okuka-T kunokunciphisa irediyasi yekhona. Ngerediyasi yaphansi, amanani anconyiwe angu-0.5 mm, 1 mm, noma akukho irediyasi; nokho, noma iyiphi irediyasi yamukelekile. Unqenqema olungezansi lwesigayo sokugcina luyisicaba noma luyindilinga kancane. Enye irediya yaphansi ingenziwa ngomshini kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuphela kwebhola. Ukunamathela kumanani anconyiwe kuwumkhuba omuhle njengoba kuyisinqumo esikhethwa ochwepheshe bemishini.
3. Udonga Oluncane
Ubuncane bezincomo zokujiya udonga: 0.8 mm (insimbi), 1.5 mm (ipulasitiki); 0.5 mm (insimbi), 1.0 mm (ipulasitiki) yamukelekile
Ukunciphisa ukujiya kodonga kunciphisa ukuqina kwento, okuholela ekwandeni kokudlidliza ngesikhathi somshini kanye nokunciphisa ukunemba okufinyelelekayo. Amapulasitiki anomkhuba wokusonteka ngenxa yokucindezeleka okusalayo futhi athambe ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ubukhulu obuncane obuncane bodonga.
4. Imbobo
Kunconywa osayizi be-Diameter Standard drill. Noma yimuphi ububanzi obungaphezu kuka-1 mm bungenzeka. Ukwakhiwa kwemigodi kwenziwa nge-drill noma ekuphelenicnc igayiwe. Osayizi be-drill balinganiswa kumayunithi we-metric kanye ne-imperial. Ama-reamer namathuluzi ayisicefe asetshenziselwa ukuqeda izimbobo ezidinga ukubekezelelana okuqinile. Ngobubanzi obungaphansi kuka-⌀20 mm, kuyancomeka ukusebenzisa amadayamitha ajwayelekile.
Ukujula okuphezulu okunconyiwe okungu-4 x ububanzi obuncane; ejwayelekile 10 x ububanzi bokuzisholo; kungenzeka 40 x ububanzi bokuzisholo
Izimbobo zobubanzi ezingajwayelekile kufanele zenziwe ngomshini kusetshenziswa isigayo sokuphela. Kulesi simo, umkhawulo omkhulu wokujula komgodi uyasebenza, futhi kuyanconywa ukusebenzisa inani eliphakeme lokujula. Uma udinga ukufaka izimbobo zomshini ezijulile kunenani elijwayelekile, sebenzisa i-drill ekhethekile enobubanzi obuncane obungu-3 mm. Izimbobo eziyizimpumputhe ezenziwe ngomshini wokubhoboza zinesisekelo esicijile esine-engeli engu-135°, kuyilapho izimbobo ezifakwe umshini wokugaya ziyisicaba. Emishinini ye-CNC, akukho okuthandwayo okukhethekile phakathi kwemigodi nezimbobo eziyimpumputhe.
5. Imicu
Usayizi omncane wochungechunge ngu-M2. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-M6 noma imicu emikhulu. Imicu yangaphakathi yenziwa kusetshenziswa ompompi, kuyilapho imicu yangaphandle idalwa kusetshenziswa i-dies. Ompompi kanye nokufa kokubili kungasetshenziswa ukudala imicu ye-M2. Amathuluzi okuthunga we-CNC asetshenziswa kakhulu futhi akhethwa ochwepheshe bemishini ngoba anciphisa ubungozi bokuphuka kompompi. Amathuluzi okuthunga we-CNC angasetshenziswa ukudala imicu ye-M6.
Ubude bomucu ubuncane obungu-1.5 x ububanzi obuncane; 3 x ububanzi obuncane obunconywayo
Amazinyo ambalwa okuqala athwala umthwalo omningi entanjeni (kufika ku-1.5 izikhathi zobubanzi obujwayelekile). Ngakho-ke, imicu emikhulu kunobukhulu obuphindwe kathathu akudingekile. Emicu emigodini eyimpumputhe eyenziwe ngompompi (okungukuthi yonke imicu emincane kuno-M6), engeza ubude obungafundiwe obulingana no-1.5 ubukhulu obujwayelekile phansi kwembobo.
Uma amathuluzi okuthunga we-CNC angasetshenziswa (okungukuthi imicu emikhulu kune-M6), imbobo ingafakwa kubo bonke ubude bayo.
6. Izici Ezincane
Ubukhulu obuncane bembobo obunconywayo bungu-2.5 mm (0.1 in); ubuncane obungu-0.05 mm (0.005 in) nakho kwamukelekile. Izitolo eziningi zemishini zingakwazi umshini ngokunembile izimbobo ezincane nezimbobo.
Noma yini engaphansi kwalo mkhawulo ibhekwa njenge-micromachining.Ukugaya ngokunemba kwe-CNCizici ezinjalo (lapho ukuhlukahluka ngokomzimba kwenqubo yokusika kungaphakathi kwalolu hlu) kudinga amathuluzi akhethekile (ama-micro drill) nolwazi lochwepheshe, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba uzigweme ngaphandle uma kunesidingo.
7. Ukubekezelelana
Okujwayelekile: ±0.125 mm (0.005 in)
Okujwayelekile: ±0.025 mm (0.001 in)
Ukusebenza: ±0.0125 mm (0.0005 in)
Ukubekezelelana kumisa imikhawulo eyamukelekayo yobukhulu. Ukubekezelelana okufinyelelekayo kuncike kubukhulu obuyisisekelo bengxenye kanye nejometri. Amanani anikeziwe ayiziqondiso ezisebenzayo. Uma kungekho ukubekezelelana okucacisiwe, izitolo eziningi zemishini zizosebenzisa ukubekezelelana okujwayelekile okungu-±0.125 mm (0.005 in).
8. Umbhalo kanye Nezinhlamvu
Usayizi wefonti onconyiwe ngu-20 (noma ngaphezulu), kanye nombhalo ongu-5 mm
Umbhalo oqoshiwe uncamela kunombhalo oqoshiwe ngoba ususa izinto ezincane. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ifonti ye-sans-serif, njenge-Microsoft YaHei noma i-Verdana, enosayizi wefonti okungenani wamaphoyinti angama-20. Imishini eminingi ye-CNC inezinqubo ezihlelwe ngaphambilini zalawa mafonti.
Ukusethwa Komshini Nokuma Kwengxenye
Umdwebo wohlelo lwengxenye edinga ukusetha okuningi uboniswa ngezansi:
Ukufinyelela kwamathuluzi kuwumkhawulo obalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemishini ye-CNC. Ukuze ufinyelele kuzo zonke izindawo zemodeli, ucezu lokusebenza kufanele luzungeziswe izikhathi eziningi. Isibonelo, ingxenye eboniswe esithombeni esingenhla idinga ukuphendukiswa izikhathi ezintathu: kabili ukuze umshini izimbobo eziqondisweni ezimbili eziyinhloko futhi okwesithathu ukuze ufinyelele ngemuva kwengxenye. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho ucezu lokusebenza luzungeziswa, umshini kufanele ulinganiswe kabusha, futhi kuchazwe uhlelo olusha lokudidiyela.
Cabangela ukusethwa komshini lapho uklama ngezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Isamba senani lokusethwa kwemishini lithinta izindleko. Ukuzungezisa kanye nokuhlela kabusha ingxenye kudinga umzamo owenziwe ngesandla futhi kwandisa isikhathi sokwenza imishini. Uma ingxenye idinga ukuphendukiswa izikhathi ezi-3-4, ngokuvamile iyamukeleka, kodwa noma yini engaphezu kwalo mkhawulo idlulele.
2. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukunemba okuphezulu kwesikhundla esihlobene, zombili izici kufanele zenziwe ngomshini ngokusetha okufanayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isinyathelo esisha sokushaya sethula iphutha elincane (kodwa elinganaki).
I-Five-Axis CNC Machining
Uma usebenzisa i-5-axis CNC machining, isidingo sokusethwa kwemishini eminingi singasuswa. Imishini ye-CNC ye-Multi-axis ingakha izingxenye ezinejometri eyinkimbinkimbi ngoba ihlinzeka ngezimbazo ezimbili ezengeziwe zokuzungezisa.
Imishini ye-CNC ye-axis emihlanu ivumela ithuluzi ukuthi lihlale liqinile endaweni yokusika. Lokhu kuvumela izindlela zamathuluzi eziyinkimbinkimbi nezisebenza kahle ukuthi zilandelwe, okuholela ezingxenyeni ezinokuqedwa okungcono kwendawo kanye nezikhathi zomshini ezimfishane.
Nokho,5 axis cnc machiningnayo inemikhawulo yayo. I-geometry yamathuluzi ayisisekelo kanye nemikhawulo yokufinyelela yamathuluzi isasebenza, isibonelo, izingxenye ezinejometri yangaphakathi azikwazi ukwenziwa ngomshini. Ukwengeza, izindleko zokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezinjalo ziphakeme.
Ukuklama ama-Undercuts
Ama-undercuts yizici ezingakwazi ukwenziwa ngomshini ngamathuluzi okusika ajwayelekile ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izindawo zazo azifinyeleleki ngokuqondile kusukela phezulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-undercuts: ama-T-slots nama-dovetails. Ama-undercuts angaba nohlangothi olulodwa noma ama-double side futhi akhiwe ngamathuluzi akhethekile.
Amathuluzi okusika i-T-slot ngokuyisisekelo enziwa ngokufaka okunqunyiwe okuvundlile okunamathiselwe ku-shaft eqondile. Ububanzi be-undercut bungahluka phakathi kuka-3 mm no-40 mm. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izilinganiso ezijwayelekile (okungukuthi, ukunyuswa kwemilimitha ephelele noma izingxenyana ezijwayelekile zamayintshi) ngobubanzi ngoba amathuluzi kungenzeka ukuthi asevele atholakala.
Ngamathuluzi e-dovetail, i-engeli iwubukhulu besici esichazayo. Amathuluzi we-dovetail angu-45° kanye no-60° abhekwa njengejwayelekile.
Lapho uklama ingxenye enama-undercuts ezindongeni zangaphakathi, khumbula ukwengeza imvume eyanele yethuluzi. Umthetho omuhle wesithupha uwukwengeza isikhala phakathi kodonga olwenziwe ngomshini nanoma yiziphi ezinye izindonga zangaphakathi ezilingana nokushona okungenani izikhathi ezine ukujula kwe-undercut.
Ngamathuluzi ajwayelekile, isilinganiso esijwayelekile phakathi kobubanzi bokusika kanye nobubanzi be-shaft singu-2:1, sikhawulela ukujula kokusikwa. Lapho kudingeka i-undercut engeyona ejwayelekile, izitolo zemishini zivame ukwenza amathuluzi azo angokwezifiso e-undercut. Lokhu kwandisa isikhathi sokuhola nezindleko futhi kufanele kugwenywe noma nini lapho kungenzeka.
I-T-slot odongeni lwangaphakathi (kwesokunxele), i-dovetail undercut (maphakathi), kanye ne-undercut yohlangothi olulodwa (kwesokudla)
Ukudweba Imidwebo Yobuchwepheshe
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ezinye izicaciso zedizayini azikwazi ukufakwa kumafayela we-STEP noma we-IGES. Imidwebo ye-2D yobuchwepheshe iyadingeka uma imodeli yakho ihlanganisa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo:
Izimbobo ezinezintambo noma ama-shafts
Ubukhulu obubekezeleleke
Izidingo eziqondile zokuqeda indawo
Amanothi opharetha bemishini ye-CNC
Imithetho yesithupha
1. Dizayina ingxenye ezokwenziwa ngomshini ngethuluzi elikhulu lobubanzi.
2. Engeza izibopho ezinkulu (okungenani ⅓ x ukujula komgodi) kuwo wonke amakhona angaphakathi mpo.
3. Nciphisa ukujula komgodi kube izikhathi ezi-4 ububanzi bawo.
4. Qondanisa izici eziyinhloko zomklamo wakho ngendlela eyodwa kweziyisithupha eziyinhloko. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, khetha5 izinsiza zemishini ye-axis cnc.
5. Thumela imidwebo yobuchwepheshe kanye nomklamo wakho lapho umklamo wakho uhlanganisa izintambo, ukubekezelela, ukucaciswa kokuqedwa kwendawo, noma okunye ukuphawula kwabaqhubi bemishini.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe noma ukubuza, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana info@anebon.com.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-13-2024