Indlela yokugweba umgangatho womgca wendibano yocweyo?
Undoqo kukuthintela iimpazamo ukuba zenzeke.
Yintoni "ubungqina bempazamo"?
I-Poka-YOKE ibizwa ngokuba yi-POKA-YOKE ngesiJapan kunye noBungqina bempazamo okanye ubungqina beSidenge ngesiNgesi.
Kutheni kukhankanywa isiJapan apha? Abahlobo abasebenza kwishishini leemoto okanye kwishishini lemveliso kufuneka bazi okanye beve ngeToyota Production System (TPS) yeToyota Motor Corporation.
Ingcamango ye-POKA-YOKE yaqalwa nguShingo Shingo, ingcali yolawulo lwekhwalithi yaseJapan kunye nomsunguli we-TOYOTA Production System, kwaye yaphuhliswa ibe sisixhobo sokufezekisa i-zero defects kwaye ekugqibeleni isuse ukuhlolwa komgangatho.
Ngokoqobo, i-poka-yoke ithetha ukuthintela iimpazamo ukuba zenzeke. Ukuqonda ngokwenene i-poka-yoke, masiqale sijonge "iimpazamo" kwaye kutheni zisenzeka.
"Iimpazamo" zibangela ukuphambuka kwizinto ezilindelweyo, ezinokuthi ekugqibeleni zikhokelele kwiziphene, kwaye inxalenye enkulu yesizathu kukuba abantu abakhathali, abakho zingqondweni, njl.
Kwishishini lemveliso, eyona nkxalabo yethu inkulu kukwenzeka kweziphene zemveliso. “Umntu, umatshini, izinto, indlela, indawo esingqongileyo” zonke zinokuba negalelo kwiziphene.
Iimpazamo zabantu azinakuphepheka yaye azinakuphetshwa ngokupheleleyo. Ezi mpazamo zinokuchaphazela oomatshini, izixhobo, iindlela, okusingqongileyo, kunye nemilinganiselo, njengoko iimvakalelo zabantu azihlali zizinzile kwaye zinokukhokelela kwiimpazamo ezifana nokusebenzisa izinto ezingalunganga.
Ngenxa yoko, ingcamango "yokuthintela iimpazamo" yavela, igxininise kakhulu ekulweni neempazamo zabantu. Ngokuqhelekileyo asixoxi ngezixhobo kunye neempazamo eziphathekayo kwimeko efanayo.
1. Yintoni ebangela iimpazamo zabantu?
Ukulibala, ukutolika ngendlela engeyiyo, ukungaqondwa kakuhle, iimpazamo zabaqalayo, iimpazamo zangabom, iimpazamo zokungakhathali, iimpazamo zokungakhathali, iimpazamo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemigangatho, iimpazamo ezenziwa ngabom, neempazamo zangabom.
1. Ukulibala:Xa singagxininisi entweni ethile, kusenokwenzeka ukuba siyilibale.
2. Ukuqonda iimpazamo:Sihlala sitolika ulwazi olutsha ngokusekelwe kumava ethu adlulileyo.
3. Iimpazamo zokuchonga:Iimpazamo zingenzeka ukuba sijonga ngokukhawuleza, asiboni ngokucacileyo, okanye asihoyi ngqalelo.
4. Iimpazamo zabaqalayo:Iimpazamo ezibangelwa kukungabi namava; umzekelo, abasebenzi abatsha benza iimpazamo ezininzi kunabasebenzi abanamava.
5. Iimpazamo zangabom:Iimpazamo ezenziwe ngokukhetha ukungalandeli imigaqo ethile ngexesha elithile, njengokusebenzisa isibane esibomvu.
6. Iimpazamo ezingezizo:Iimpazamo ezibangelwa kukungabikho kwengqondo, umzekelo, ukuwela isitrato ungekho zingqondweni ungaqapheli isibane esibomvu.
7. Iimpazamo ze-Inertia:Iimpazamo ezibangelwa kukugweba ngokucothayo okanye isenzo, esifana nokuqhotsa isiqhoboshi.
8. Iimpazamo ezibangelwa kukungabikho kwemigangatho:Ngaphandle kwemithetho, kuya kubakho ukuphazamiseka.
9. Iimpazamo ngengozi:Iimpazamo ezivela kwiimeko ezingalindelekanga, njengokungaphumeleli ngokukhawuleza kwezixhobo ezithile zokuhlola.
10. Impazamo yangabom:Impazamo eyenziwe ngabom, eluphawu olubi.
2. Zeziphi iziphumo eziziswa zezi mpazamo kwimveliso?
Kukho imizekelo emininzi yeempazamo ezenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Nokuba zeziphi iindawo eziveliswayo, ezi mpazamo zinokuzisa iziphumo ezilandelayo kwimveliso:
a. Inkqubo engekhoyo
b. Impazamo yokusebenza
c. Impazamo yokucwangcisa iworkpiece
d. Iindawo ezingekhoyo
e. Ukusebenzisa indawo engalunganga
f. Impazamo yokwenziwa komsebenzi
g. Impatho-mbi
h. Impazamo yohlengahlengiso
i. Iiparamitha zezixhobo ezingafanelekanga
j. Ukulungiswa okungafanelekanga
Ukuba isizathu kunye nesiphumo sephutha sidibene, sifumana lo mfanekiso ulandelayo.
Emva kokuhlalutya izizathu kunye nemiphumo, kufuneka siqale ukuzisombulula.
3. Imilinganiso kunye neengcinga zokuthintela iimpazamo
Kwangexesha elide, iinkampani ezinkulu zithembele "kuqeqesho kunye nesohlwayo" njengemilinganiselo ephambili yokuthintela iimpazamo zabantu. Abaqhubi baye bafumana uqeqesho olubanzi, kwaye abaphathi bagxininise ukubaluleka kokuzixakekisa, ukusebenza nzima, kunye nokuqonda umgangatho. Xa kusenzeka iimpazamo, imivuzo neebhonasi zazidla ngokutsalwa njengendlela yokohlwaya. Nangona kunjalo, kulucelomngeni ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo iimpazamo ezibangelwa kukungakhathali kwabantu okanye ukulibala. Ngoko ke, indlela yokuthintela impazamo "yoqeqesho kunye nesohlwayo" ayizange iphumelele ngokupheleleyo. Indlela entsha yokukhusela impazamo, i-POKA-YOKE, ibandakanya ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezithile okanye iindlela zokunceda abaqhubi babone ngokulula iziphene ngexesha lokusebenza okanye ukukhusela iziphene emva kweempazamo zokusebenza. Oku kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bazihlole kwaye benze iimpazamo zibonakale ngakumbi.
Ngaphambi kokuqala, kusafuneka kugxininiswe imigaqo emininzi yokuthintela iimpazamo:
1. Gwema ukongeza kumsebenzi wabaqhubi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
2. Qwalasela iindleko kwaye uphephe ukusukela izinto ezibizayo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukusebenza kwazo ngokwenene.
3. Nikela ngengxelo yexesha lokwenyani nanini na kunokwenzeka.
4. Imigaqo elishumi yokuthintela impazamo enkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo
Ukusuka kwindlela yokusebenza ukuya ekuphunyezweni, sinemigaqo eyi-10 yokuthintela iimpazamo ezinkulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.
1. Umgaqo wokuphelisa iingcambu
Izizathu zeempazamo ziya kususwa kwingcambu ukuphepha iimpazamo.
Umfanekiso ongasentla yiphaneli yeplastiki yesixhobo segiya.
I-bulge kunye ne-groove yenziwe ngamabomu kwiphaneli kunye nesiseko ukuphepha imeko apho ipaneli yeplastiki ifakwe phezulu ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuyila.
2. Umgaqo wokhuseleko
Izenzo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kufuneka zenziwe kunye okanye ngokulandelelana ukugqibezela umsebenzi.
Abasebenzi abaninzi ababandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi yesitampu bayasilela ukususa izandla okanye iminwe yabo ngexesha ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyathela, nto leyo inokukhokelela kumonzakalo omkhulu. Lo mfanekiso ungasentla ubonisa ukuba isixhobo sokugximfiza siya kusebenza kuphela xa izandla zozibini zicofa iqhosha ngaxeshanye. Ngokongeza i-grating ekhuselayo phantsi kwesikhunta, i-layer eyongezelelweyo yokhuseleko inokubonelelwa, inika ukukhuselwa kabini.
3. Umgaqo ozenzekelayo
Sebenzisa i-optical, umbane, i-mechanical, kunye nemigaqo yeekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ukulawula okanye ukukhuthaza izenzo ezithile zokuthintela iimpazamo.
Ukuba ukufakela akukho ndawo, inzwa iya kudlulisela isignali kwi-terminal kwaye ikhuphe isikhumbuzi ngendlela yempempe, ukukhanya okudanyazayo, kunye nokungcangcazela.
4. Umgaqo wokuthotyelwa
Ngokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwesenzo, iimpazamo zinokuphetshwa. Lo mzekelo ufana ngokusondeleyo nomgaqo wokusika iingcambu. Isigqubuthelo se-screw senzelwe ukukrazula kwelinye icala kwaye sandise kwelinye; umzimba ohambelana nawo wenzelwe ukuba ube nelinye icala eliphezulu kunye nelinye eliphantsi kwaye unokufakwa kuphela kwicala elinye.
5. Umgaqo olandelelanayo
Ukuze ugweme ukubuyisela umva umyalelo okanye inkqubo yomsebenzi, ungayilungisa ngokulandelelana kwamanani.
Oku kungasentla yibhakhowudi eya kuprintwa kuphela emva kokuphumelela uhlolo. Ngokuhlola kuqala kwaye emva koko sikhuphe ibhakhowudi, sinokukuphepha ukuphoswa yinkqubo yokuhlola.
6. Umgaqo wokuba wedwa
Ukwahlula iindawo ezahlukeneyo ukukhusela iindawo ezithile kwaye ugweme iimpazamo.
Lo mfanekiso ungasentla ubonisa izixhobo ezibuthathaka ze-laser kwiphaneli yesixhobo. Esi sixhobo siya kubona ngokuzenzekelayo imeko yemveliso yenkqubo. Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba ayifanelekanga, imveliso ayiyi kususwa kwaye iya kubekwa kwindawo eyahlukileyo echongelwe abantu abangafanelekanga.iimveliso ngoomatshini.
7. Khuphela umgaqo
Ukuba umsebenzi ofanayo kufuneka wenziwe ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezibini, ugqitywa ngokuthi "ukukopa."
Umfanekiso ongasentla ubonisa kokubini ekhohlo nasekuneneiindawo zecnc zesikoyefestile yomoya. Ziyilwe ngokufanayo, azibonakalisi. Ngokuphucula ngokuqhubekayo, inani leengxenye liye lancitshiswa, okwenza kube lula ukulawula nokunciphisa ukuba nokwenzeka kweempazamo.
8. Umgaqo-siseko
Ukunqanda ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngokungalunganga, zama ukuyahlula.
Kukho ukungafani kwiinkcukacha phakathi kweendawo eziphezulu kunye nezisezantsi, ezilungele ukuba abaqhubi bahlule kwaye bahlanganisene kamva.
9. Umgaqo osisilumkiso
Ukuba kwenzeka into engaqhelekanga, isilumkiso sinokubonakaliswa ngemiqondiso ecacileyo okanye isandi nokukhanya. Oku kusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimoto. Ngokomzekelo, xa isantya siphezulu kakhulu okanye ibhanti lesihlalo lingabotshwanga, i-alarm iya kuqaliswa (ngokukhanya kunye nesikhumbuzi sezwi).
10. Umgaqo wokunciphisa
Sebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa umonakalo owenziwe ziimpazamo.
Izahluli zekhadibhodi zitshintshwa zibe yi-blister tray packaging, kwaye iipads ezikhuselayo zongezwa phakathi kweengqimba zokukhusela ipeyinti ekuqhumeni.
Ukuba asithatheli ngqalelo kuthintelo lwempazamo kumgca wemveliso weworkshop yemveliso ye-CNC, oko kuya kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingaguqukiyo kunye nezibi:
Ukuba umatshini we-CNC awulungelelaniswanga ngokufanelekileyo, unokuvelisa iindawo ezingahambelani nemilinganiselo echaziweyo, ekhokelela kwiimveliso ezineziphene ezingenakusetyenziswa okanye zithengiswe.
Iimpazamo kwiinkqubo yokuvelisa i-cnckunokubangela izinto ezichithwayo kunye nesidingo sokuphinda kusetyenzwe, kwandise kakhulu iindleko zemveliso.
Ukuba impazamo ebalulekileyo ifunyenwe emva kwexesha kwinkqubo yemveliso, inokubangela ukulibaziseka okubalulekileyo njengoko iindawo eziphosakeleyo kufuneka zilungiswe, ukuphazamisa ishedyuli yonke yemveliso.
Iingozi zoKhuseleko:
Iindawo ezingasebenzanga ngoomatshini zinokubeka imingcipheko yokhuseleko ukuba zisetyenziswa kwizinto ezibalulekileyo, ezifana ne-aerospace okanye izixhobo zemoto, ezinokukhokelela kwiingozi okanye ukusilela.
Umonakalo kwiZixhobo:
Iimpazamo kwiprogram okanye ukuseta kunokubangela ukungqubana phakathi kwesixhobo somatshini kunye ne-workpiece, ukonakalisa izixhobo ze-CNC ezibizayo kwaye zikhokelela ekulungiseni iindleko kunye nexesha lokuphumla.
Ukonakala kwesidima:
Ukuvelisa rhoqo umgangatho ophantsi okanye onezipheneiindawo zecnckunokonakalisa isidima senkampani, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphulukaneni nabathengi namathuba oshishino.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-29-2024