Kutheni i-Scraping ibalulekile kwi-Precision Machine Tool Performance

Xa ebona amagcisa ekrwela ngesandla kumenzi wezixhobo zoomatshini, ubani usenokubuza: “Ngaba obu buchule bunokuphucula umgangatho oveliswa ngoomatshini ngokwenene? Ngaba ubuchule bomntu bungaphezulu kobomatshini?”

Ukuba kugxilwe kuphela kwi-aesthetics, impendulo ngu "hayi." I-scraping ayiphuculi isibheno esibonakalayo, kodwa kukho izizathu ezinyanzelisayo zokusetyenziswa kwayo okuqhubekayo. Enye into ephambili yinto yomntu: ngelixa izixhobo zoomatshini ziyilelwe ukwenza ezinye izixhobo, azikwazi ukuvelisa imveliso edlula ukuchaneka kweyokuqala. Ukufezekisa umatshini ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi kunangaphambili, kufuneka simisele isiseko esitsha, esidinga ukungenelela kwabantu-ngokukodwa, ukukrazula ngesandla.

Ukukhuhla akuyonkqubo engacwangciswanga okanye engacwangciswanga; kunoko, yindlela yophindaphindo oluchanekileyo olubonisa ngokusondeleyo i-workpiece yokuqala, esebenza njengenqwelo-moya yesalathiso esemgangathweni, nayo yenziwe ngesandla.

Ngaphandle kobume bayo obufunayo, ukukrwela sisenzo sobuchule (ngokufana nohlobo lobugcisa). Ukuqeqesha i-master scraper kunokuba lucelomngeni kunokuqeqesha umchweli womthi onobuchule. Izixhobo zokusebenza ezixoxa ngalo mbandela zinqongophele, ngakumbi malunga nengqiqo emva kokukhuhla, nto leyo enokuba negalelo kwimbono yayo njengohlobo lobugcisa.

Uqale phi

Ukuba umenzi ukhetha ukusebenzisa igrinder ekususeni imathiriyeli endaweni yokukhuhla, iintsimbi ezikhokelayo ze “master” grinder kufuneka zibonise ukuchaneka okukhulu kunezo zegrinder entsha.

Ngoko, yintoni exhasa ukuchaneka komatshini wokuqala?

Oku kuchaneka kunokusuka kumatshini ophucukileyo, kuxhomekeke kwindlela engenye ekwaziyo ukuvelisa umphezulu othe tyaba ngokwenene, okanye ithathwe kumphezulu okhoyo othe tyaba owenziwe kakuhle.

Ukubonisa inkqubo yokuveliswa komhlaba, sinokuqwalasela iindlela ezintathu zokuzoba izangqa (nangona izangqa ziyimigca yezobugcisa, zisebenza ukucacisa ingcamango). Umchweli onobuchule unokudala isangqa esipheleleyo usebenzisa ikhampasi eqhelekileyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ulandelela umngxuma ojikelezayo kwi-template yeplastiki ngepensela, uya kuphinda aphindaphinde zonke iimpazamo zaloo mngxuma. Ukuba uzama ukuzoba isangqa ngokukhululekileyo, ukuchaneka okubangelwayo kuya kuthintelwa kwinqanaba lobuchule bakhe.

Ngokwethiyori, umphezulu othe tyaba ogqibeleleyo unokufezekiswa ngokujija imiphezulu emithathu ngokutshintshanayo. Ngokomzekelo, qwalasela amatye amathathu, ngalinye linomphezulu othe tyaba. Ngokuhlikihla le miphezulu kunye ngokulandelelana okungacwangciswanga, uya kubacaba ngokuqhubekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa amatye amabini kuphela kuya kubangela ukukhwelana kweconcave kunye neconvex. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuqhotsa kubandakanya ulandelelwano oluthile lokubhanqa, oluthi ingcali yokuqhotsa isebenzise ngokuqhelekileyo ukwenza ijig eqhelekileyo efunekayo, enjengomphetho othe ngqo okanye ipleyiti ecaba.

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqengqeleka, ingcaphephe iqale isebenzise umphuhlisi wombala kwijig esemgangathweni kwaye emva koko iyityibilikise kumphezulu wendawo yokusebenzela ukuchonga iindawo ezifuna ukukhuhlwa. Esi senzo siyaphindwa, ngokuthe ngcembe sisondeza umphezulu we-workpiece kulowo wejig esemgangathweni, ekugqibeleni kuphunyezwe uphindaphindo olugqibeleleyo.

Phambi kokukrwela, iicastings zidla ngokusilwa ukuya kumawaka ambalwa ngaphezulu kobukhulu bokugqibela, ziphantsi konyango lobushushu ukuthomalalisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, emva koko zibuyiswe ukugqibezela ukucola. Nangona i-scraping yinkqubo echitha ixesha kunye neyomsebenzi, inokusebenza njengenye indlela eneendleko kwiindlela ezifuna umatshini ochanekileyo. Ukuba ukukhuhla akusetyenziswanga, umsebenzi wokusebenzela kufuneka ugqitywe kusetyenziswa umatshini ochanekileyo nobiza imali eninzi.

Ukongeza kwiindleko zezixhobo ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene nokugqitywa kwenqanaba lokugqibela, enye into ebalulekileyo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo: imfuneko yobunzima bomxhuzulane ngexesha lokwenziwa kwezixhobo, ngakumbi ukuphosa okukhulu. Xa umatshini wokunyamezela amawaka ambalwa, amandla okubamba angakhokelela ekugqwethekeni kwendawo yokusebenza, ebeka emngciphekweni ukuchaneka kwayo xa amandla ekhululiwe. Ukongezelela, ubushushu obuveliswayo ngexesha lokwenziwa komatshini bunokuba negalelo ngakumbi kolu kuphazamiseka.

Kulapho i-scraping inikezela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokungafaniyo nomatshini wendabuko, ukukrazula akubandakanyi amandla okubamba, kwaye ubushushu obuveliswayo buncinci. Izixhobo zokusebenza ezinkulu zixhaswa kumanqaku amathathu, ziqinisekisa ukuba zihlala zizinzile kwaye zikhululekile kwi-deformation ngenxa yobunzima bazo.

Xa i-scraping track yesixhobo somatshini igugile, inokubuyiselwa ngokuphinda ikhuhlwe, inzuzo enkulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokulahla umatshini okanye ukuyibuyisela kumzi-mveliso ukuze idityaniswe kwaye iphinde ilungiswe.

Ukukhuhla kwakhona kunokwenziwa ngabasebenzi bolondolozo lwefektri, kodwa kukwanokwenzeka ukubandakanya iingcali zendawo kulo msebenzi.

Kwiimeko ezithile, zombini i-manual kunye ne-electric scraping ingaqeshwa ukufezekisa ukuchaneka kwejometri efunwayo. Umzekelo, ukuba iiseti zetafile kunye neetrayile zesali ziye zakhutshelwa zimcaba kwaye zidibana neenkcukacha ezifunekayo, kodwa itheyibhile ifunyaniswa ingahambi kakuhle kunye ne-spindle, ukulungisa oku kungalungelelanisi kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Ubuchule obufunekayo ukususa ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bezinto kwiindawo ezichanekileyo usebenzisa i-scraper kuphela-ngelixa ugcina i-flatness kunye nokujongana nokungahambi kakuhle-kukhulu.

Nangona i-scraping ayijoliswanga njengendlela yokulungisa ukungahambi kakuhle, i-scraper enobuchule inokufeza olu hlobo lohlengahlengiso ngexesha elifutshane elimangalisayo. Le ndlela ifuna inqanaba eliphezulu lesakhono kodwa ihlala ineendleko eziphezulu kunokusebenzisa iinxalenye ezininzi zokunyamezelana okanye ukuphumeza uyilo oluntsonkothileyo ukunciphisa ulungelelwaniso.

Ukuphuculwa kweLubrication

Amava abonise ukuba iileyili ezikhutshiweyo zongeza umgangatho wokuthambisa, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ukungqubana, nangona izizathu ezisisiseko zisaxoxwa. Ithiyori exhaphakileyo ibonisa ukuba iindawo eziphantsi ezikhutshiweyo-ngokukodwa, imingxuma eyenziweyo-isebenza njengemithombo yokuthambisa, evumela i-oyile ukuba iqokelele kwiipokotho ezincinci ezenziwe ngamanqaku aphezulu ajikelezileyo.

Enye imbono ibeka ukuba ezi pokotho zingaqhelekanga ziququzelela ukugcinwa kwefilimu yeoli engaguqukiyo, eyenza iindawo ezihambayo zityibilike kakuhle, eyona njongo iphambili yokuthambisa. Le nto yenzeka ngenxa yokuba izitenxo zidala indawo eyaneleyo yokuba i-oyile igcinwe. Ngokufanelekileyo, i-lubrication isebenza ngcono xa ifilimu ye-oyile eqhubekayo ikhona phakathi kwemigangatho emibini egudileyo; nangona kunjalo, oku kuphakamisa imingeni ekuthinteleni i-oyile ukuba ingaphumi okanye ifune ukuzaliswa ngokukhawuleza. Umphezulu kaloliwe, nokuba ukhutshiwe okanye akunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo ubandakanya i-oyile ukunceda ekusasazeni i-oyile.

Le ngxoxo iphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokubaluleka kwendawo yoqhagamshelwano. Ngelixa i-scraping inciphisa indawo yoqhagamshelwano iyonke, ikhuthaza ukuhanjiswa okufanayo, okubalulekileyo ekuthambiseni okusebenzayo. Okukhona imiphezulu yokukhwelana imtyibilizi, kokukhona iyahambelana ukuhanjiswa koqhagamshelwano. Nangona kunjalo, umgaqo osisiseko kwi-mechanics uthi "i-friction izimele kwindawo," ebonisa ukuba amandla afunekayo ukuhambisa itafile ahlala engatshintshi nokuba indawo yoqhagamshelwano yi-10 okanye i-100 yee-intshi zesikwere. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukugqoka kukuqwalaselwa okwahlukileyo; indawo encinci yokudibanisa phantsi komthwalo ofanayo iya kufumana ukunxiba okukhawulezileyo.

Ekugqibeleni, ugxininiso lwethu kufuneka lube kukufumana i-lubrication eyona nto ingcono kunokulungisa nje indawo yoqhagamshelwano. Ukuba i-lubrication ilungile, umphezulu wengoma uya kubonisa ukunxiba okuncinci. Ke ngoko, ukuba itheyibhile ifumana ubunzima bokuhamba ngenxa yokunxiba, kusenokwenzeka ukuba inxulumene nemiba yokuthambisa endaweni yendawo yoqhagamshelwano ngokwayo.

Kwenziwa njani ukukrwela

Ngaphambi kokuchonga iindawo eziphakamileyo ezifuna ukukrazula, qalisa ngokufaka umbala kwi-jig eqhelekileyo, njengeplate yeplati okanye i-straight gauge jig eyenzelwe ukukrazula ii-V-track. Emva koko, hlikihla i-jig eqhelekileyo egqunywe ngombala ngokubhekiselele kumphezulu womzila oza kukhunyulwa; oku kuya kudlulisela umbala kwiindawo eziphezulu zengoma. Emva koko, sebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokukrala ukususa amanqaku aphezulu anemibala. Le nkqubo kufuneka iphindwe kuze kube yilapho umkhondo womkhondo ubonisa ukutshintshelwa kombala okufanayo kunye nokuhambelana.

I-scraper enobuchule kufuneka ibe nobuchule kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Apha, ndiza kuchaza iindlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo.

Okokuqala, ngaphambi kwenkqubo yombala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ifayile epholileyo ukuze uhlikihle ngobunonoIimveliso ze-CNCumphezulu, ngokufanelekileyo ukususa nayiphi na i-burrs.

Okwesibini, xa uhlambulula umphezulu, sebenzisa ibrashi okanye isandla sakho kunokuba i-rag. Ukosula ngelaphu kunokushiya imicu ecolekileyo enokudala iimpawu ezilahlekisayo ngexesha lokufakwa kombala kwamanqaku aphezulu.

I-scraper iya kuvavanya umsebenzi wabo ngokuthelekisa i-jig esemgangathweni kunye nomgangatho womzila. Indima yomhloli kukwazisa nje i-scraper xa eyeka ukusebenza, ukuvumela i-scraper ukuba igxininise kuphela kwinkqubo yokukrazula kwaye ithathe uxanduva lomgangatho wemveliso yabo.

Ngokwembali, siye sagcina imigangatho ethile malunga nenani lamanqaku aphezulu nge-intshi nganye yesikwere kunye nepesenti yendawo epheleleyo yoqhagamshelwano. Nangona kunjalo, sifumene phantse akunakwenzeka ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo indawo yoqhagamshelwano, ngoko ngoku ishiywe kwi-scraper ukumisela inani elifanelekileyo lamanqaku kwi-intshi nganye yesikwere. Ngokuqhelekileyo, injongo kukufezekisa umgangatho we-20 ukuya kwi-30 amanqaku nge-intshi yesikwere.

Kwiinkqubo zokukhuhla zangoku, imisebenzi ethile yokulinganisa isebenzisa i-scrapers yombane, leyo, ngelixa iyindlela yokukrazula ngesandla, inokunciphisa ubunzima bomzimba kwaye yenze inkqubo ingadinwa. Nangona kunjalo, ingxelo ebambekayo yokukhuhla ngesandla ihlala ingenakuphinda ithathelwe indawo, ngakumbi ngexesha lemisebenzi yokudibanisa ebuthathaka.

Iipateni zokukrala

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeepateni ezikhoyo. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo ziquka iipateni ze-arc, iipateni zesikwere, iipateni zamaza, kunye neepateni ezimile njengefeni. Ngokucacileyo, iipateni eziphambili ze-arc yinyanga kunye noyilo lokuginya.

1. Iipateni ze-arc kunye neendlela zokukrazula

Qala ngokusebenzisa icala lasekhohlo leblade ye-scraper ukukrwela, emva koko uqhubeke ukukrwela ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene (njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso A ngezantsi). Ngaxeshanye, jija isihlahla sasekhohlo ukuvumela iblade ukuba ijiwuze ukusuka kwesobunxele ukuya ngasekunene (njengoko kubonisiwe kuMzobo B ngezantsi), iququzelele inguqu egudileyo kwintshukumo yokukhuhla.

Ubude obuthe nkqo bophawu ngalunye lwemela kufuneka bube malunga ne-10mm. Yonke le nkqubo yokukrazula iyenzeka ngokukhawuleza, ivumela ukudalwa kweepateni ezahlukeneyo ze-arc. Ukongeza, unokukrwela i-diagonally ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo kunye nesandla sasekhohlo kwaye ujije isihlahla sasekunene ukujiwuzisa iblade ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo, uqinisekise inguqu engenamthungo kwisenzo sokukhuhla.

Indlela yesiseko ye-arc yokukrala

Iingcebiso zokukrala iipateni ze-Arc

Xa ukhuhla iipatheni ze-arc, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuhluka kweemeko zokukrala kunye nobuchule kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuma, ubungakanani kunye ne-angle yeepateni ezibangelwayo. Nantsi eminye imiba ephambili:

1. Khetha i-Right Scraper: Ububanzi, ubukhulu, i-blade arc radius, kunye ne-engile ye-wedge yentloko ye-scraper zonke zinefuthe kwimilo yepateni ye-arc. Ukukhetha i-scraper efanelekileyo kubalulekile.

2. Lawula intshukumo yesandla: Ukulawula i-amplitude ye-wrist twisting kunye nobude be-scraping stroke kubalulekile ekufezekiseni iziphumo ezifunwayo.

3. Sebenzisa i-Blade Elasticity: Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-amplitude enkulu kwintshukumo yesandla edibeneyo kunye ne-scraping stroke emfutshane iya kuvelisa ama-angles amancinci kunye nemilo kwiipatheni ze-arc ezikhutshiweyo, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso C ngasentla.

Ipateni yeNyanga kunye nobuChwephesha bokuKhwaya

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo yokukrala, sebenzisa ipensile ukuphawula izikwere kunye nezithuba ezithile kwindawo yokusebenza. Xa ukrwela, sebenzisa i-arc blade ye-fine scraper, ubeke umgca osembindini we-blade kwi-angle ye-45 ° kumgca we-longitudinal embindini we-workpiece. Khupha ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva kwendawo yokusebenza ukuze ufezekise ipateni yenyanga oyifunayo.

(2) Ipateni yokuginya kunye nendlela yokukhuhla Ipatheni yokuginya iboniswe kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi. Ngaphambi kokukrazula, sebenzisa ipensile ukuzoba izikwere kunye nesithuba esithile kumphezulu wendawo yokusebenza. Xa ukhuhla, sebenzisa i-arc blade ye-circular scraper, kunye nomgca ophakathi we-blade plane kunye nomgca ophakathi we-longitudinal we-workpiece surface kwi-angle ye-45 °, kunye nokucoca ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva kwendawo yokusebenza. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokukrala ziboniswa kumzobo ongezantsi.

Okokuqala, cima ipateni yearc ngemela yokuqala, uze ukrwele ipateni yesibini ye-arc kancinane ngaphantsi kwepateni yokuqala yearc, ukuze ipateni efana nenkonjane ichithwe, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso b ngasentla.

2. Ipateni yesikwere kunye nendlela yokukrazula

Ipateni yesikwere iboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi. Ngaphambi kokukrazula, sebenzisa ipensile ukuphawula izikwere kunye nezithuba ezithile kwindawo yokusebenza. Xa ukrwela, beka umgca osembindini wencakuba kwi-engile ye-45 ° ukuya kumgca we-longitudinal embindini we-workpiece, kwaye ukhuhle ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva.

Ubuchule bokukrazula obusisiseko bubandakanya ukusebenzisa isikrweqe esimxinwa esinomphetho othe tye okanye iradiyasi enkulu ye-arc edge kuluhlu olufutshane lokukhuhla. Emva kokugqiba isikwere sokuqala, qiniseka ukuba ugcine umgama wesikwere-ngokuqinisekileyo ushiya igridi-ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke nokukrazula isikwere sesibini.

3. Ipateni yamaza kunye nendlela yokukhuhla

Ipateni yamaza ibonakaliswe kuMzobo A ngezantsi. Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo yokukrala, sebenzisa ipensile ukuphawula izikwere kunye nezithuba ezithile kwindawo yokusebenza. Xa ukrwela, qinisekisa ukuba umgca osembindini wencakuba ungqamene nomgca wombindi welongitudinaliindawo zomatshini, kunye nokukhuhla ukusuka ngasemva ukuya ngaphambili.

Ubuchule bokukrala obusisiseko bubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-notched scraper. Khetha indawo efanelekileyo yokulahla iblade, ngokuqhelekileyo ekudibaneni kwezikwere eziphawulweyo. Emva kokuba i-blade ihla, hamba nge-diagonally ukuya ngakwesobunxele. Nje ukuba ufikelele kubude obuchongiweyo (ngokuqhelekileyo ekudibaneni kweendlela), tshintshela kwi-diagonally ukuya ngasekunene kwaye ukrwele kwindawo ethile ngaphambi kokuphakamisa i-blade, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso B ongezantsi.

4. Ipateni emise okwefeni kunye nendlela yokukhuhla

Ipateni emise okwefeni iboniswe kuMfanekiso A ngezantsi. Ngaphambi kokukrazula, sebenzisa ipensile ukuphawula izikwere kunye nemigca e-angle kunye nesithuba esithile kwindawo yokusebenza. Ukwenza ipateni emise okwefeni, sebenzisa i-hook-head scraper (njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso B ongezantsi). Isiphelo sokunene se-blade kufuneka siphuculwe, ngelixa isiphelo sasekhohlo kufuneka sibe sincinci, siqinisekise ukuba i-blade edge ihlala ithe tye. Ubuchule bokukrala obusisiseko bubonakaliswe kulo mzobo ungezantsi.

Khetha indawo efanelekileyo yeblade, ngokuqhelekileyo ekudibaneni kwemigca ephawulweyo. Bamba isikrweqe ngesandla sakho sasekhohlo malunga ne-50mm ukusuka kwincam yencakuba, usebenzisa uxinzelelo oluncinci ukuya ezantsi ngasekhohlo. Ngesandla sakho sasekunene, jikelisa incakuba ngasekunene ujikeleze ngasekhohlo njengenqaku lepivot. Ii-angles eziqhelekileyo zokujikeleza ziyi-90 ° kunye ne-135 °. Ipateni echanekileyo emile njengefeni ibonisiwe kuMfanekiso C apha ngasentla.

Ukusetyenziswa okungafanelekanga kwamandla kunokubangela ukukhuhla zombini iziphelo ngaxeshanye, okukhokelela kwipatheni eboniswe kuMzobo D ngasentla. Iipateni ezenziwe ngolu hlobo ziya kuba nzulu kakhulu, okukhokelela kuyilo olungalunganga.

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