Kutheni intsimbi engatyiwayo nayo irusa? Ekugqibeleni ndiyifumene!

Kutheni intsimbi engatyiwayo nayo irusa?

Xa kubonakala amabala amdaka (amabala) kumphezulu wemibhobho yentsimbi, abantu bayamangaliswa: “Intsimbi engagqwali ayivusi, yaye ukuba iyarusa, ayiyiyo intsimbi engatyiwayo, yaye kusenokubakho ingxaki ngentsimbi.” Enyanisweni, oku kuyingcamango ephosakeleyo enye malunga nokungabikho kokuqonda kwensimbi engenasici. Insimbi engenasici iya kuhlwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

Insimbi engenasici inamandla okuxhathisa i-oxidation ye-atmospheric-oko kukuthi, ukuxhathisa umhlwa, kwaye ikwazi ukubola kwimidiya equkethe i-acids, i-alkali, kunye neetyuwa-oko kukuthi, ukuxhathisa ukubola. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani bekhono layo lokuchasana ne-corrosion iyahluka kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali zentsimbi yayo ngokwayo, imeko yokudibanisa, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye nohlobo lweendaba zokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, umbhobho wentsimbi we-304 unamandla abalaseleyo okuchasa umhlwa kwindawo eyomileyo necocekileyo, kodwa ukuba ithe yasiwa kwindawo engaselwandle, iya kugqwala kungekudala kwinkungu yolwandle equlethe ityuwa eninzi; kunye ne-316 ipayipi yensimbi ibonisa okulungileyo.

Ngoko ke, akusiyo nayiphi na insimbi engenasici enokuthi ixhathise i-corrosion kunye ne-rust kuyo nayiphi na indawo.inxalenye yealuminiyam

Zininzi iindlela zomonakalo kwifilimu engaphezulu, eyona ixhaphakileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla yile ilandelayo:
Insimbi engenasici ixhomekeke kwifilimu ye-oxide enqabileyo kakhulu, eqinile, efanelekileyo kwaye ezinzileyo yechromium (ifilimu ekhuselayo) eyenziwe phezu kwayo ukukhusela ukungena okuqhubekayo kunye ne-oxidation yee-athomu ze-oksijini ukufumana amandla okumelana nomhlwa. Emva kokuba ifilimu yonakaliswe ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yesizathu esithile, i-athomu ye-oxygen emoyeni okanye ulwelo luya kuqhubeka nokungena okanye ii-athomu zentsimbi kwintsimbi ziya kuqhubeka zihlukana, zenze i-oxide yensimbi ekhululekile, kwaye i-metal surface iya kutshatyalaliswa ngokuqhubekayo. Zininzi iindlela zomonakalo kule filimu yomphezulu, ezona zixhaphakileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla zezi zilandelayo:
1. Ngaphezulu kwentsimbi engenanto, kukho iidiphozithi zothuli okanye iinqununu zetsimbi ezihlukeneyo eziqulethe ezinye izinto zetsimbi. Kumoya omanzi, amanzi adibeneyo phakathi kweediphozithi kunye nensimbi engenasici idibanisa ezimbini kwi-micro-battery, ebangela ukusabela kwe-electrochemical reaction. , ifilimu ekhuselayo yonakele, ebizwa ngokuba yi-electrochemical corrosion.isitampu inxalenye
2. Iijusi ze-Organic (ezifana nemifuno, isuphu ye-noodle, isikhohlela, njl.njl.) zibambelela kumphezulu wensimbi engenasici. Phambi kwamanzi kunye neoksijini, i-asidi ephilayo yenziwa, kwaye i-acids ye-organic iya kutshabalalisa isinyithi ixesha elide.
3. Umphezulu wensimbi engenasici unamathela kwizinto eziqulethe i-acids, i-alkalis kunye neetyuwa (ezifana namanzi e-alkali kunye namanzi ekalika atshiza kwiindonga zokuhombisa), ebangela ukubola kwendawo.
4. Kumoya ongcolileyo (njengomoya oqulethe isixa esikhulu sesulfide, i<em>carbon oxide, i<em>nitrogen oxide ), xa udibana namanzi ajiyileyo, uya kwenza i<em>sulfuric acid, i<em>nitric acid, kunye ne<em>acetic acid liquid points, ebangela ukubola kweekhemikhali.
Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho oqaqambileyo wesinyithi ngaphandle kokugqwala, sincoma:
Iimeko ezingentla zingabangela umonakalo kwifilimu ekhuselayo kwindawo yensimbi engenasici kwaye ibangele ukugqwala. Ke ngoko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu wesinyithi uqaqambile ngokusisigxina kwaye awuvuthi, sicebisa:
1. Umphezulu wokuhlobisa insimbi engenasici kufuneka ihlambuluke kwaye ihlanjululwe rhoqo ukususa izinamathiselo kunye nokuphelisa izinto zangaphandle ezibangela ukuguqulwa.
2. I-316 insimbi engenasici kufuneka isetyenziswe kwiindawo zolwandle, ezinokuxhathisa ukubola kwamanzi olwandle.
3. Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali zeminye imibhobho yensimbi engenasici kwimarike ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yelizwe ehambelanayo kwaye ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-304. Ngoko ke, kuya kubangela i-rust, efuna ukuba abasebenzisi bakhethe ngokucophelela iimveliso ezivela kubavelisi abahloniphekileyo.

Ngaba intsimbi engatyiwayo nayo inemagnethi?

Abantu bahlala becinga ukuba oomazibuthe batsala intsimbi engatyiwayo ukuqinisekisa okulungileyo nokubi kunye nobunyani bayo. Ukuba ayikhangeli i-non-magnetism, ithathwa njengelungileyo, kwaye iyinyani; ukuba inomagnethi, ithathwa njengeyomgunyathi. Enyanisweni, le yindlela yokuchonga ecalanye ngokugqithisileyo, engekho ngqiqweni kwaye engalunganga.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zentsimbi engatyiwa, ezinokuthi zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezininzi ngokwesakhiwo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi:
1. Uhlobo lwe-Austenitic: njenge-201, 202, 301, 304, 316, njl.;
2. I-Martensite okanye uhlobo lwe-ferrite: njenge-430, 420, 410, njl.;

Uhlobo lwe-austenitic alunamagnetic okanye lubuthathaka luzibuthe, kwaye i-martensite okanye i-ferrite imagnetic.ukujika inxalenye
Uninzi lwentsimbi engenastainless edla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuhombisa amaxwebhu etyhubhu yi-austenitic 304 imathiriyeli, engeyiyo imagnetic okanye imagnetic ebuthathaka, kodwa inokuvela imagnethi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kokwakheka kweekhemikhali okanye iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa okubangelwa kukunyibilikiswa, kodwa oku akunakuthathelwa ngqalelo. njenge

Umgunyathi okanye okumgangatho ophantsi, siyintoni isizathu soku?

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, i-austenite ayinamagnetic okanye i-magnetic ebuthathaka, ngelixa i-martensite okanye i-ferrite imagnetic. Ngenxa yokwahlulwa kwecandelo okanye unyango olungafanelekanga lokushisa ngexesha lokunyibilika, ixabiso elincinci le-martensite okanye i-ferrite kwi-austenitic 304 insimbi engenasici iya kubangelwa. izicubu zomzimba. Ngale ndlela, i-304 yensimbi engenasici iya kuba ne-magnetism ebuthathaka.

Ukongezelela, emva kokusebenza okubandayo kwe-304 yensimbi engenasici, isakhiwo siya kuguqulwa sibe yi-martensite. Okukhona ukuguquka okubandayo okusebenzayo, ukuguqulwa kwe-martensite ngakumbi, kunye neempawu ezinkulu zemagneti zentsimbi. Njengeqela leentsimbi zetsimbi, Φ76 iibhubhu ziveliswa ngaphandle kokungeniswa kwamagnetic okucacileyo, kwaye Φ9.5 iibhubhu ziveliswa. I-induction magnetic ibonakala ngakumbi ngenxa yokuguqulwa okukhulu kokugoba kunye nokugoba. I-deformation yetyhubhu ye-square rectangular inkulu kunetyhubhu ejikelezayo, ngokukodwa inxalenye yekona, i-deformation inamandla ngakumbi kwaye amandla omagnetic abonakala ngokucacileyo.

Ukuze kupheliswe ngokupheleleyo iipropathi zamagnetic ze-304 zensimbi ezibangelwa zizizathu ezingasentla, isakhiwo se-austenite esizinzile sinokubuyiselwa ngonyango lwesisombululo esiphezulu sokushisa, ngaloo ndlela kupheliswe iimpawu zamagnetic.

Ngokukodwa, i-magnetism ye-304 yensimbi engenasici ebangelwa ezi zizathu zingasentla yahluke ngokupheleleyo kwi-magnetism yezinye izinto ezifana ne-430 kunye ne-carbon steel, oku kuthetha ukuba i-magnetism ye-304 yensimbi ihlala ibonisa i-magnetism ebuthathaka.

Oku kusixelela ukuba ukuba umtya wensimbi engenasici ubuthathaka unozibuthe okanye awunamagnetic ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka ugwetywe njengezinto ezingama-304 okanye ezingama-316; ukuba iyafana ne-carbon steel, ibonisa i-magnetism enamandla, kuba igwetywa njengento engekho 304.