Unyango lomphezulu lubandakanya ukusebenzisa iindlela zoomatshini kunye neekhemikhali ukwenza umaleko okhuselayo kumphezulu wemveliso, osebenza ukukhusela umzimba. Le nkqubo ivumela imveliso ukuba ifikelele kwisimo esizinzile kwindalo, ikhulise ukuxhathisa kwayo, kwaye iphucule isibheno sayo sobuhle, ekugqibeleni ikhulise ixabiso layo. Xa ukhetha iindlela zonyango zangaphezulu, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imeko yokusetyenziswa kwemveliso, ixesha lokuphila elilindelekileyo, ukubukeka kobuhle, kunye nexabiso lezoqoqosho.
Inkqubo yonyango yomphezulu iquka unyango lwangaphambili, ukubunjwa kwefilimu, unyango lwasemva kwefilimu, ukupakisha, ukugcinwa kwezinto, kunye nokuthunyelwa. Unyango lwangaphambili lubandakanya unyango ngoomatshini kunye neekhemikhali.
Unyango ngoomatshini lubandakanya iinkqubo ezinjengokuqhushumba, ukuqhushumba, ukusila, ukupolisha, kunye nokuweksa. Injongo yalo kukuphelisa ukungalingani komphezulu kunye nokujongana nezinye iintsilelo ezingafunekiyo. Okwangoku, unyango lweekhemikhali lususa ioli kunye nomhlwa kwindawo yemveliso kwaye yenze umaleko ovumela izinto ezenza ifilimu ukuba zidibanise ngokufanelekileyo. Le nkqubo iphinda iqinisekise ukuba i-coating ifikelela kwisimo esizinzile, iphakamisa ukunamathela komgangatho okhuselayo, kwaye ibonelela ngeenzuzo zokukhusela kwimveliso.
Unyango lomphezulu weAluminiyam
Unyango lweekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo ze-aluminium ziquka iinkqubo ezifana ne-chromization, ipeyinti, i-electroplating, i-anodizing, i-electrophoresis, kunye nokunye. Unyango ngoomatshini lubandakanya ukuzoba ucingo, ukupolisha, ukutshiza, ukucola, kunye nezinye.
1. Chromization
I-Chromization yenza ifilimu yokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali kumphezulu wemveliso, kunye nobukhulu obusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-4 micrometers. Le filimu ineempawu ezilungileyo ze-adsorption kwaye isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko njengomaleko wokugquma. Inokuba negolide etyheli, i-aluminiyam yendalo, okanye inkangeleko eluhlaza.
Ifilimu ephumayo ine-conductivity elungileyo, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwiimveliso ze-elektroniki ezinjengeentambo zokuqhuba kwiibhetri zeselfowuni kunye nezixhobo zombane. Ikulungele ukusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iimveliso ze-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloy. Nangona kunjalo, ifilimu ithambile kwaye ayinxibi, ngoko ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa ngaphandleiindawo ezichanekileyoyemveliso.
Inkqubo yokwenza ngokwezifiso:
Ukwehlisa amafutha—> ukuphelelwa ngamanzi kwe-aluminiyam—> ukwenza ngokwezifiso—> ukupakisha—> ukugcina
I-Chromization ifanelekile kwi-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloys, i-magnesium, kunye nemveliso ye-magnesium alloy.
Iimfuno zoMgangatho:
I-1) Umbala ufanayo, umgca wefilimu ulungile, akunakubakho imivumbo, imikrwelo, ukubamba ngesandla, akukho rhabaxa, umlotha kunye nezinye izinto.
2) Ubunzima boluhlu lwefilimu ngu-0.3-4um.
2. Anodizing
I-Anodizing: Inokwenza i-uniform kunye ne-dense oxide layer phezu komgangatho wemveliso (Al2O3). I-6H2O, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-steel jade, le filimu inokwenza ubulukhuni bemveliso bufikelele kwi-200-300 HV. Ukuba imveliso ekhethekileyo inokungena kwi-anodizing enzima, ubunzima bomhlaba bunokufikelela kwi-400-1200 HV. Ke ngoko, i-anodizing enzima yinkqubo eyimfuneko yonyango lomphezulu kwiisilinda kunye nokuhanjiswa.
Ukongeza, le mveliso inokumelana nokunxiba okuhle kakhulu kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengenkqubo eyimfuneko yokubhabha kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene ne-aerospace. Umahluko phakathi kwe-anodizing kunye ne-anodizing enzima kukuba i-anodizing ingaba nemibala, kwaye umhlobiso ungcono kakhulu kune-oxidation enzima.
Amanqaku okwakha okufuneka aqwalaselwe: i-anodizing ineemfuno ezingqongqo zezinto eziphathekayo. Izinto ezahlukeneyo zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo zokuhombisa kumphezulu. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-6061, 6063, 7075, 2024, njl. Phakathi kwazo, i-2024 inesiphumo esibi kakhulu ngenxa yomxholo ohlukeneyo we-CU kwizinto eziphathekayo. I-7075 i-oxidation eqinile ityheli, i-6061 kunye ne-6063 imdaka. Nangona kunjalo, i-anodizing eqhelekileyo ye-6061, 6063, kunye ne-7075 ayahlukanga kakhulu. Uwama-2024 utyekele kwiindawo ezininzi zegolide.
1. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo
Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-anodizing ziquka umbala wendalo we-matte oxutyiweyo, umbala wendalo ococekileyo ococekileyo, ukudaywa okuqaqambileyo komhlaba, kunye ne-matte brushed dyeing (enokuthi idaywe kuwo nawuphi na umbala). Olunye ukhetho lubandakanya umbala wendalo omenyezelayo okhazimlisiweyo, umbala wendalo okhazimlisiweyo wematte, idayi ekhazimlisiweyo ekhazimlayo, kunye nedayyipu ekhazimlisiweyo yematte. Ukongeza, kukho indawo enengxolo yokutshiza kunye nekhanyayo, ukutshiza indawo enenkungu enengxolo, kunye nokudaywa kwesanti. Olu khetho lokucwenga lunokusetyenziswa kwisixhobo sokukhanyisa.
2. Inkqubo ye-Anodizing
Ukwehlisa amafutha—> ukhukuliseko lwealkali—> ukugudisa—> ukunyuswa—> lidi—> ukunyuswa
Anodizing—> ukudaya—> ukutywina—> ukuhlamba ngamanzi ashushu—> ukomisa
3. Isigwebo somgangatho ongaqhelekanga
A. Amabala anokuthi avele phezu komhlaba ngenxa yokungacimeki ngokwaneleyo kunye nokutshisa isinyithi okanye umgangatho ombi wezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye isisombululo esicetyiswayo kukwenza unyango lokutshisa ngokutsha okanye ukutshintsha izinto.
B. Imibala ye-Rainbow ibonakala phezulu, edla ngokubangelwa yimpazamo ekusebenzeni kwe-anode. Imveliso inokuxhoma ngokukhululekileyo, okukhokelela ekuqhubeni kakubi. Ifuna indlela ethile yonyango kunye nonyango lwe-anodic kwakhona emva kokuba amandla abuyiselwe.
C. Umphezulu utyunyuzwe kwaye ukrwele kakhulu, okubangelwa ngokubanzi ukungahambi kakuhle ngexesha lokuthutha, ukucutshungulwa, unyango, ukuhoxiswa kwamandla, ukugaya, okanye ukufakwa kwakhona kombane.
D. Amabala amhlophe anokuthi avele kumphezulu ngexesha lokungcola, okubangelwa yioli okanye okunye ukungcola emanzini ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-anode.
4. Imigangatho yomgangatho
I-1) Ubunzima befilimu kufuneka bube phakathi kwe-5-25 micrometers, kunye nobunzima obungaphezu kwe-200HV, kunye nomgangatho wokutshintsha umbala wovavanyo lokutywinwa kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwe-5%.
I-2) Uvavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa kufuneka luhlale ngaphezu kweeyure ze-36 kwaye kufuneka luhlangabezane nomgangatho we-CNS wezinga le-9 okanye ngaphezulu.
I-3) Ukubonakala kufuneka kungabi namanxeba, imikrwelo, amafu anemibala, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izinto ezingathandekiyo. Akufunekanga kubekho iindawo zokuxhoma okanye ukutyheli kumphezulu.
4) I-aluminium ye-Die-cast, efana ne-A380, i-A365, i-A382, njl., ayinakuchithwa.
3. Inkqubo ye-Aluminium electroplating
1. Izinto ezilungileyo ze-aluminiyam kunye ne-aluminium alloy materials:
I-aluminiyam kunye ne-aluminiyam i-alloy imathiriyeli ineenzuzo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokuhamba kakuhle kombane, ukuhanjiswa kobushushu okukhawulezayo, ubunzima obuthile bokukhanya, kunye nokwenza lula. Nangona kunjalo, zikwanazo nezingeloncedo, kubandakanywa ubunzima obuphantsi, ukungabikho kokumelana nokunxiba, ukuchaphazeleka kwi-corrosion ye-intergranular, kunye nobunzima be-welding, enokunciphisa izicelo zabo. Ukwandisa amandla abo kunye nokunciphisa ubuthathaka babo, ishishini lanamhlanje lihlala lisebenzisa i-electroplating ukujongana nale mingeni.
2. Izinto eziluncedo ze-aluminium electroplating
-ukuphucula ukuhombisa,
- Ukuphucula ukuqina komphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba
- Ukunciphisa i-coefficient ye-friction kunye ne-lubricity ephuculweyo.
- Ukuphuculwa komphezulu wokuqhuba.
-Ukuphuculwa kokumelana nomhlwa (kubandakanywa zidityaniswe nezinye iintsimbi)
- Kulula ukuwelda
- Ukuphucula ukunamathela kwirabha xa kushushu.
- Ukwandiswa kokubonakala
- Lungisa ukunyamezelwa kwe-dimensional
I-aluminiyam iyasebenza kakhulu, ngoko ke imathiriyeli esetyenziselwa i-electroplating kufuneka isebenze ngakumbi kune-aluminiyam. Oku kufuna ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali phambi kwe-electroplating, njenge-zinc-immersion, i-zinc-iron alloy, kunye ne-zinc-nickel alloy. Uluhlu oluphakathi lwe-zinc kunye ne-zinc alloy lunamathele kakuhle kumbindi we-cyanide copper plating. Ngenxa yokwakheka okuxekethileyo kwe-aluminiyam yokufa, umphezulu awunakucocwa ngexesha lokusila. Ukuba oku kuyenziwa, kunokukhokelela kwimingxuma yepini, ukutshica iasidi, ukuxobula, kunye neminye imiba.
3. Inkqubo yokuhamba kwe-aluminium electroplating ihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ukwehlisa igrisi – > ukujula kwealkali – > ukusebenza – > ukutshintshwa kwezinki – > ukusebenza – > ukucwenga (okufana nenickel, izinki, ikopolo, njalo njalo) – > ichrome plating okanye passivation – > ukomisa.
-1- Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-aluminium electroplating zezi:
I-Nickel plating (i-pearl nickel, i-nickel yesanti, i-nickel emnyama), ukubethelwa kwesilivere (isilivere eqaqambileyo, isilivere eshinyeneyo), igolide yegolide, i-zinc plating (i-zinc enemibala, i-zinc emnyama, i-zinc eluhlaza), ukufakwa kobhedu (ubhedu obuluhlaza, ubhedu olumhlophe, ialkaline ubhedu, ubhedu lwe-electrolytic, ubhedu lwe-asidi), i-chrome plating (i-chrome yokuhombisa, i-chrome enzima, i-chrome emnyama), njl.
-2- Ukusetyenziswa kwembewu eqhelekileyo yokwaleka
-I-black plating, efana ne-zinc emnyama kunye ne-nickel emnyama, isetyenziswa kwi-optical electronics kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
-Ukubekwa kwegolide kunye nesilivere zezona zibhexeshi zibalaseleyo zeemveliso zombane. Ukucwenga kwegolide kuphucula iimpawu zokuhombisa zeemveliso, kodwa zibiza kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kweemveliso ze-elektroniki, ezifana ne-electroplating yeetheminali zocingo ezichanekileyo.
-I-Copper, i-nickel, kunye ne-chromium zezona zinto zithandwa kakhulu kwi-hybrid plating kwisayensi yanamhlanje kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuhombisa kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Azibizi kakhulu kwaye zinokusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zemidlalo, ukukhanya, kunye namashishini ahlukeneyo ombane.
- Ubhedu olumhlophe lwe-tin, oluphuhliswe kwiminyaka yamashumi asixhenxe kunye namashumi asibhozo, luyinto ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nombala omhlophe oqaqambileyo. Lukhetho oludumileyo kwishishini lobucwebe. Ubhedu (olwenziwe ngelothe, inkonkxa kunye nobhedu) lunokuxelisa igolide, luyenze ibe yindlela enomtsalane yokuhombisa. Nangona kunjalo, ubhedu alukwazi ukumelana nokuguquka kombala, ngoko ke ukuphuhliswa kwayo kuye kwacotha.
- I-zinc-based electroplating: I-galvanized layer i-blue-white kwaye i-soluble kwi-acids kunye ne-alkali. Ekubeni umgangatho osemgangathweni we-zinc ubi kakhulu kuneyentsimbi, ubonelela ngokhuseleko oluthembekileyo lwe-electrochemical yensimbi. I-Zinc ingasetyenziselwa njengoluhlu olukhuselayo lweemveliso zetsimbi ezisetyenziselwa kwi-industrial and marine atmospheres.
- I-chrome enzima, efakwe phantsi kweemeko ezithile, inobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqoka. Ukuqina kwayo kufikelela ku-HV900-1200kg/mm, okwenza kube yeyona nto inzima yokugquma phakathi kweengubo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Le plating inokuphucula ukumelana nokunxiba kweamalungu oomatshinikunye nokwandisa ubomi babo benkonzo, oko kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu kwiisilinda, iinkqubo zoxinzelelo lwehydraulic, kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa.
-3- Ukungaqhelekanga okuqhelekileyo kunye namanyathelo okuphucula
- Ukuxobulwa: Ukutshintshwa kwezinc akulunganga; ixesha lide kakhulu okanye lifutshane kakhulu. Kufuneka sihlaziye imilinganiselo kwaye siphinde simisele ixesha lokutshintshwa, ubushushu bokuhlamba, ugxininiso lokuhlamba, kunye nezinye iiparitha zokusebenza. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokuvula kufuneka iphuculwe. Kufuneka siphucule imilinganiselo kwaye siguqule indlela yokuvula. Ngaphaya koko, ukunyangwa kwangaphambili akwanelanga, nto leyo ekhokelela kwintsalela yeoli kumphezulu womsebenzi. Kufuneka siphucule imilinganiselo kwaye siqinise inkqubo yonyango lwangaphambili.
- Uburhabaxa bomphezulu: Isisombululo se-electroplating sidinga ukulungiswa ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle okubangelwa yi-arhente yokukhanya, i-softener, kunye ne-pinhole dose. Umphezulu womzimba urhabaxa kwaye ufuna ukupholisha kwakhona phambi kwe-electroplating.
- Umphezulu uqalisa ukujika ube tyheli, nto leyo ebonisa umba onokubakho, kwaye nendlela yokuxhoma ilungisiwe. Yongeza inani elifanelekileyo le-arhente yokufuduka.
- Amazinyo aguquguqukayo ebusweni: Isisombululo se-electroplating simdaka kakhulu, ngoko yomeleza ukuhluzwa kwaye wenze unyango olufanelekileyo lokuhlambela.
-4- Iimfuno zomgangatho
- Imveliso akufuneki ibe nakuphi na ukutyheli, imingxunya, amaqhakuva, amadyungudyungu, imikrwelo, imikrwelo, okanye naziphi na iziphene ezingafunekiyo kwinkangeleko yayo.
- Ubukhulu befilimu kufuneka bube ubuncinane be-15 micrometers, kwaye kufuneka buphumelele uvavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa lweeyure ze-48, ukuhlangabezana okanye ukugqithisa umgangatho wezempi wase-US we-9. Ukongezelela, ukungafani okunokwenzeka kufuneka kuwele phakathi koluhlu lwe-130-150mV.
- Amandla okubopha kufuneka amelane novavanyo lokugoba lwe-60-degree.
- Iimveliso ezilungiselelwe iindawo ezizodwa kufuneka zenziwe ngokufanelekileyo.
-5- Izilumkiso ze-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium ye-alloy plating operation
- Soloko usebenzisa ialloyi ye-aluminiyam njengendawo yokuxhoma i-electroplating yamalungu e-aluminiyam.
- Hlulisa i-aluminiyam kunye neealloyi ze-aluminiyam ngokukhawuleza kunye nezithuba ezimbalwa kangangoko ukuphepha ukuphinda kufakwe i-oxidation.
- Qinisekisa ukuba ixesha lokuntywiliselwa okwesibini alilide kakhulu ukuthintela umhlwa ogqithisileyo.
- Coca ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlamba.
- Kubalulekile ukuthintela ukuphuma kombane ngexesha lenkqubo yokucwenga.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-11-2024