Bendisenza oomatshini iminyaka emininzi, kwaye ndicubungule ezahlukeneyoiindawo zomatshini, iindawo eziguqukayokwayeiindawo zokusilangokusebenzisa izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kunye nezixhobo ezichanekileyo. Kuhlala kukho indawo enye ebalulekileyo, kwaye eso sisikrufu.
Amabakala okusebenza kweebholiti zoqhagamshelo lwesakhiwo sentsimbi ahlulwe abe ngamabakala angaphezu kwe-10 anje nge-3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, apho iibholiti zebanga lesi-8.8 nangaphezulu zenziwe nge-low- intsimbi carbon ingxubevange okanye medium-carbon steel kwaye baye baphathwa ubushushu (ukucima, ukucaphuka), eyaziwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengeebholiti eziphezulu, kwaye ezinye zibizwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengeebholiti eziqhelekileyo. Ileyibhile yomgangatho wokusebenza webholithi iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini zamanani, ezimele ngokulandelelanayo ixabiso lamandla okuqina kunye nomlinganiselo wamandla esivuno semathiriyeli yebholithi. Umzekelo:
Intsingiselo yeebholiti ezinomgangatho wokusebenza 4.6 yile:
Amandla okuqina okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo se-bolt afikelela kwi-400MPa;
Umlinganiselo wesivuno se-bolt material ngu-0.6;
Amandla emveliso ye-bolt afikelela kwi-400 × 0.6 = 240MPa kwinqanaba.
Ibanga lokusebenza 10.9 iibholiti eziphezulu, emva kokunyanga ubushushu, zinokufikelela:
Amandla okuqina okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo se-bolt afikelela kwi-1000MPa;
Umlinganiselo wesivuno se-bolt material ngu-0.9;
Amandla esivuno esincinci sesixhobo sebholithi sifikelela kwi-1000×0.9=900MPa kwinqanaba.
Intsingiselo yomgangatho wokusebenza kwebholithi ngumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe. Iibholiti zebakala elifanayo lokusebenza zinomsebenzi ofanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba umehluko kwizinto zabo kunye nemvelaphi. Kuphela ibakala lentsebenzo elinokukhethelwa ukuyila.
Okubizwa ngokuba yi-8.8 kunye ne-10.9 amabakala amandla athetha ukuba amabakala oxinzelelo lwe-shear yeebholithi yi-8.8GPa kunye ne-10.9GPa
8.8 Amandla okuqina okubizwa ngokuba yi-800N/MM2 Amandla emveliso yesiqhelo 640N/MM2
Iibholiti ngokubanzi zisebenzisa u-“XY” ukubonisa amandla, X*100=amandla okubamba ale bholithi, X*100*(Y/10)=amandla esivuno ale bholithi (kuba ngokweleyibhile: isivuno samandla/amandla okuqina =Y/ 10)
Njengebanga lesi-4.8, amandla okuqina ale bholithi: 400MPa; amandla esivuno: 400*8/10=320MPa.
Enye: iibholiti zensimbi ezingenasici zidla ngokuphawulwa njenge-A4-70, A2-70, intsingiselo ichazwa ngenye indlela.
umlinganiselo
Kukho ubukhulu becala iindidi ezimbini zeeyunithi zomlinganiselo wobude ehlabathini namhlanje, enye yinkqubo yemetric, kwaye iiyunithi zokulinganisa ziziimitha (m), iisentimitha (cm), iimilimitha (mm), njl., ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. njengeYurophu, ilizwe lam, kunye neJapan, kwaye enye yinkqubo yemetric. Uhlobo yinkqubo yobukhosi, kwaye iyunithi yokulinganisa ubukhulu becala i-intshi, elingana nenkqubo endala kwilizwe lam, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu eUnited States, eUnited Kingdom nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika.
Umlinganiselo weMetric: (inkqubo yedesimali) 1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Umlinganiselo we-intshi: (inkqubo ye-octal) 1 intshi = 8 intshi 1 intshi = 25.4 mm 3/8 × 25.4 = 9.52
I-1/4 kwezi mveliso zilandelayo zisebenzisa amanani ukumela iidayamitha zabo zesibizo, ezinje: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#
umsonto
Intambo yimilo eneengqikelelo ezifanayo ze-helical kwicandelo lendawo eqinileyo yangaphandle okanye yangaphakathi. Ngokweempawu zayo zesakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa, inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu:
Intambo eqhelekileyo: Imilo yezinyo inonxantathu, isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa okanye ukubopha iindawo. Imisonto eqhelekileyo yahlulwe ibe yimisonto erhabaxa kunye necolekileyo ngokwe-pitch, kwaye amandla okudibanisa imisonto ecolekileyo aphezulu.
Umsonto wokuhambisa: Ubume bezinyo bubandakanya i-trapezoidal, uxande, i-saw-shaped kunye ne-triangular.
Intambo yokutywina: isetyenziselwa ukutywina ukudibanisa, ubukhulu becala intambo yombhobho, intambo ye-tapered kunye nentambo yombhobho.
Ihlelwe ngokwemilo:
Ibakala elilingana nomsonto
Umsonto ulungelelwaniso liqondo lokukhululeka okanye ukuxinana phakathi kwemisonto ejijweyo, kwaye iqondo lokufaneleka yindibaniselwano emiselweyo yokunxaxha kunye nokunyamezelana okusebenzayo kwimisonto yangaphakathi nangaphandle.
1. Kwimisonto ye-intshi edibeneyo, kukho amabakala amathathu entambo kwimisonto yangaphandle: 1A, 2A kunye no-3A, kunye namabakala amathathu kwimisonto yangaphakathi: 1B, 2B kunye ne-3B, zonke zihambelana nokucoceka. Okukhona liphezulu inani lebakala, kokukhona liqina. Kumsonto we-intshi, ukutenxa kumisela kuphela amabakala 1A no-2A, ukutenxa kwibakala 3A nguziro, kwaye ukutenxa kwibakala 1A kunye nebakala 2A kuyalingana. Ukuba likhulu inani lamabanga, lincinci ukunyamezela.
Iiklasi ze-1A kunye ne-1B, iiklasi zokunyamezela ezikhululekile kakhulu, ezifanelekileyo ukunyamezela ukunyamezela imicu yangaphakathi nangaphandle.
Iiklasi ze-2A kunye ne-2B zezona klasi zixhaphakileyo zokunyamezela intambo ezichazwe kwi-imperial series fasteners mechanical.
Udidi lwe-3A kunye ne-3B, zijijelwe ukwenza eyona nto ifanelekileyo, ifanele iziqhoboshi ezinokunyamezela okuqinileyo, kwaye zisetyenziswe kuyilo olubalulekileyo lokhuseleko.
Kwimisonto yangaphandle, amabakala 1A kunye no-2A anokunyamezelana okufanelekileyo, ibakala 3A alinayo. Ukunyamezela kweklasi ye-1A yi-50% enkulu kune-Class 2A yokunyamezela, i-75% inkulu kune-Class 3A yokunyamezela, kunye nokunyamezela kweKlasi ye-2B yi-30% enkulu kune-Class 2A yokunyamezela kwimicu yangaphakathi. Iklasi 1B yi-50% enkulu kuneKlasi 2B kunye ne-75% enkulu kuneKlasi 3B.
2. Kwimicu ye-metric, kukho amabakala amathathu eentambo zemisonto yangaphandle: 4h, 6h kunye ne-6g, kunye namabakala amathathu emisonto yangaphakathi: 5H, 6H, kunye ne-7H. (Umgangatho waseJapan wokuchaneka komsonto wokuchaneka wahlulahlulwe ngokwamabakala amathathu: I, II, kunye ne-III, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibakala II.) Kwimisonto yemetriki, ukutenxa okusisiseko kwe-H kunye no-h ngu-zero. Ukutenxa ku-G ku-positive, kwaye ukutenxa ku-e, f kunye no-g ku-negative.
I-H yindawo yokunyamezela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimicu yangaphakathi, kwaye ayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengendawo yokugquma, okanye i-phosphating layer ebhityileyo isetyenziswa. Ukutenxa okusisiseko kwesikhundla sika-G kusetyenziselwa iziganeko ezikhethekileyo, ezinje ngeengubo ezityebileyo, kwaye azifane zisetyenziswe.
I-g idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukufaka ipleyiti ingubo ebhityileyo ye-6-9um. Ukuba umzobo wemveliso ufuna i-bolt ye-6h, intambo ngaphambi kokugcoba ithatha indawo yokunyamezela ye-6g.
Ukulungelelaniswa kwentambo kuhlanganiswe kakuhle kwi-H / g, H / h okanye i-G / h. Kwimicu ye-fasteners ecocekileyo efana ne-bolts kunye namantongomane, umgangatho uncoma ukulungelelaniswa kwe-6H / 6g.
3. Ukumakishwa kwemisonto
Iiparamitha eziphambili zejometri zokuzibetha kunye neentambo zokuzibhobhoza
1. Idayamitha enkulu/idayamitha yezinyo yangaphandle (d1): Kububanzi besilinda esicingelwayo apho iingceba zemisonto zidibana khona. Idayamitha enkulu yomsonto imele ubukhulu becala ubukhulu bomsonto.
2. Idayamitha encinane/ingcambu yedayamitha (d2): Yidayamitha yesilinda esicingelwayo apho umzantsi womsonto udibana khona.
3. Umgama wamazinyo (p): Ngumgama we-axial phakathi kwamazinyo akufutshane ongqamene namanqaku amabini kumbindi-meridian. Kwinkqubo yobukhosi, umgama wezinyo uboniswa ngenani lamazinyo nge-intshi nganye (25.4mm).
Oku kulandelayo luhlu lweenkcukacha eziqhelekileyo ze-tooth pitch (i-metric system) kunye nenani lamazinyo (i-imperial system)
1) Amazinyo e-Metric azibetha ngokwawo:
Iinkcukacha: S T1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, S T3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4. 8, S T5.5, S T6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Umthamo: 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.1
2) Amazinyo okuzicoca ngokwawo:
Iinkcukacha: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#, 14#
Inani lamazinyo: AB amazinyo 24, 20, 20, 19, 18, 16, 14, 14
Amazinyo 24, 20, 18, 16, 15, 12, 11, 10
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-02-2023