Umatshini usebenze ubomi bonke, ithini i-4.4 kunye ne-8.8 kwibholithi?

Emva kokusebenza njengomatshini iminyaka emininzi, akufuneki ungayazi intsingiselo yeelebhile kwizikrufu, akunjalo?

Amabakala okusebenza kweebholiti zokudityaniswa kwesakhiwo sentsimbi ahlulwe abe ngamabakala angaphezu kweshumi, afana ne-3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, njl. Phakathi kwabo, ibakala 8.8 nangaphezulu lenziwa iibholiti. yealloyi yekhabhoni ephantsi okanye intsimbi ephakathi kwekhabhoni kwaye zinyangwa ngobushushu (ukucima, ukufudumeza), eyaziwa ngokuba iibholiti eziphezulu; ezinye zaziwa ngokubanzi njengeebholiti eziqhelekileyo. Ileyibhile yomgangatho wokusebenza webholithi inamanani amabini, amele ixabiso lamandla okuqina kunye nomlinganiselo wesivuno semathiriyeli yebholiti, ngokulandelelanayo.
Iibholithi zodidi lwepropathi 4.6 zithetha:
Amandla okuqina okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo se-bolt afikelela kwi-400MPa;
Umlinganiselo wesivuno se-bolt material ngu-0.6;
Amandla esivuno esiqhelekileyo semathiriyeli yebholithi yi-400×0.6=240MPa.
Inqanaba lokusebenza 10.9 iibholiti zamandla aphezulu, emva kokunyanga ubushushu, zinokufikelela:
Amandla okuqina okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo se-bolt afikelela kwi-1000MPa;
Umlinganiselo wesivuno se-bolt material ngu-0.9;
Amandla emveliso yegama lesixhobo sebholithi yi-1000×0.9=900MPa.

Intsingiselo yomgangatho wokusebenza kwebholithi ngumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umahluko kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nemvelaphi, iibholiti zebakala elifanayo lokusebenza zinomsebenzi ofanayo, kwaye kuphela ibakala lokusebenza elinokukhethwa kuyilo.
Okubizwa ngokuba yi-8.8 kunye ne-10.9 amandla amabakala athetha ukuba ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo lwe-shear ye-bolt yi-8.8GPa kunye ne-10.9GPa
8.8 Amandla okuqina okubizwa ngokuba yi-800N/MM2 Amandla emveliso yesiqhelo 640N/MM2
Iibholiti ngokubanzi zisebenzisa u-"XY" ukubonisa amandla, X*100=amandla okuqina ale bholithi, X*100*(Y/10)=amandla okuphuma kwale bholithi (kuba ngokwemigaqo: isivuno samandla/amandla okuqina =Y /10)
Umzekelo, kwibanga lesi-4.8, amandla okuqina ale bholithi yi-400MPa; amandla esivuno yi 400*8/10=320MPa.
Enye: iibholiti zensimbi ezingenasici zidla ngokuphawulwa njenge-A4-70 kunye ne-A2-70; intsingiselo ichazwa ngenye indlela.
umlinganiselo
Kukho iiyunithi ezimbini ezisembindini zomlinganiselo wobude ehlabathini namhlanje: enye yinkqubo yemetric, kunye neyunithi yomlinganiselo weemitha (m), iisentimitha (cm), iimilimitha (mm), njl. njl. Uhlobo yinkqubo yobukhosi, kunye iyunithi yomlinganiselo zii-intshi, ezilingana ne-intshi yemarike yenkqubo endala kwilizwe lam. Isetyenziswa kakhulu eUnited States, eBritani nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika.
Umlinganiselo weMetric: (idesimali) 1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Umlinganiselo we-Imperial: (i-8 inkqubo) i-intshi eyi-1 = i-8 yeesenti 1 intshi = 25.4 mm 3/8 × 25.4 = 9.52
Iimveliso ezingezantsi kwe-1/4 zisebenzisa inombolo yesiriyali ukubonisa idayamitha yokufowuna kwazo, ezinje: 4#, ezintlanu #, zintandathu #, ezisixhenxe #, ezisibhozo #, ezilishumi #, 12#

umsonto
Intambo yimilo eneprotrusions ye-helical efanayo kwi-cross-section ye-slid yangaphandle okanye yangaphakathi. Ngokweempawu zayo zesakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa, inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu:
Umsonto oqhelekileyo: Ubume bezinyo buyinxantathu kwaye isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa okanye ukubopha iindawo. Imisonto eqhelekileyo yahlulahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezimbini: intambo erhabaxa kunye nentambo entle, ngokwelizwi, kwaye amandla onxibelelwano lomsonto ocolekileyo aphezulu.
Umsonto wothumelo: Kukho imilo yetrapezoidal, uxande, isarha,d, kunye neemilo zezinyo elingunxantathu.
Umsonto wokutywina: osetyenziselwa ukutywina uqhagamshelo, ubukhulu becala intambo yombhobho, intambo ecekethekileyo, kunye nentambo yombhobho ocoliweyo.
Hlela ngokwemilo:

Iklasi ehambelana nomsonto

Umsonto ulungelelanisa ubukhulu obukhululekileyo okanye obuqinileyo phakathi kwemisonto ekruhliweyo, kwaye umgangatho wokufaneleka yindibaniselwano echaziweyo yokutenxa kunye nokunyamezelana okusebenzayo kwimisonto yangaphakathi nangaphandle.
1. Kwimisonto ye-intshi edibeneyo, kukho amabakala amathathu eentambo zemisonto yangaphandle: 1A, 2A, kunye no-3A, kunye nezintathu zemisonto yangaphakathi: 1B, 2B, kunye ne-3B, zonke ziyi-clearance fits. Okukhona liphezulu inani lokukala, kokukhona liqina. Kwimisonto yee-intshi, ukutenxa kucacisiwe kuphela kumabakala 1A no-2A, ukutenxa kwibakala 3A nguziro, kwaye ukutenxa kwibakala 1A no-2A kuyalingana. Inkulu inani lamanqanaba, encinci ukunyamezela.
Iiklasi ze-1A kunye ne-1B, iiklasi zokunyamezela ezikhululekile kakhulu, ezifanelekileyo ukunyamezela ukunyamezela imicu yangaphakathi nangaphandle.
AmaBanga 2A kunye ne-2B ngawona mabakala axhaphakileyo okunyamezela imisonto achazwe kwii-intshi-series fasteners mechanical.
AmaBanga 3A kunye ne-3B, adityaniswe kunye ukuze enze eyona nto ifanelekileyo, afanelekele izibophelelo eziqinileyo zokunyamezela kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuyila okubalulekileyo kokhuseleko.
Kwimisonto yangaphandle, amabakala 1A kunye no-2A anokunyamezelana okufanelekileyo; ibakala 3A alifuni. Ukunyamezela kwe-1A yi-50% enkulu kunokunyamezela kwe-2A kunye ne-75% enkulu kunokunyamezela kwe-3A. Kwintambo yangaphakathi, ukunyamezela kwe-2B yi-30% enkulu kunokunyamezela kwe-2A. IKlasi 1B inkulu nge-50% kuneKlasi 2B kunye ne-75% inkulu kuneKlasi yesi-3 B.
2. Imisonto ye-Metric: ibe namabakala amathathu eentambo zemisonto yangaphandle: 4h, isithandathu h, kunye ne-6g, kunye nesithathu kwimicu yangaphakathi: 5H, 6H, kunye ne-7H. (Umgangatho waseJapan wokuchaneka komsonto wokuchaneka wahlulahlulwe ngokwamabakala amathathu: I, II, kunye ne-III, ngokuqhelekileyo iBakala II.) Kumsonto we-metric, ukutenxa okusisiseko kwe-H kunye no-h ngu-zero. Ukutenxa okuphambili kuka-G ku-positive, kwaye ukutenxa okusisiseko kuka-e, f, kunye no-g ngu-negative.
I-H yindawo yokunyamezela eqhelekileyo kwimicu yangaphakathi kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ayisetyenziswanga njengento yokugubungela umphezulu okanye i-phosphating layer isetyenziswa. Uphambuko oluphambili lwesikhundla se-G lusetyenziselwa iziganeko ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nokwaleka okutyebileyo, okungafane kusetyenziswe.
g isoloko isetyenziselwa ukugquma ingubo ebhityileyo ye-6-9um. Ngokomzekelo, umzobo wemveliso ufuna i-h bolt ezintandathu, kwaye intambo ngaphambi kokucoca isebenzisa indawo yokunyamezela ye-6g.
Umsonto ofanelekileyo udityaniswe kakuhle kwi-H/g, H/h, okanye i-G/h. Kwimicu ye-fastener ecocekileyo efana ne-bolts kunye namantongomane, umgangatho uncoma ukulingana kwe-6H / 6g.
3. Ukumakishwa kwemisonto
Iiparamitha eziphambili zejometri zokuzibetha kunye neentambo zokuzibhobhoza
1. Idayamitha enkulu/idayamitha yezinyo yangaphandle (d1): Yingqikelelo ye-cylindrical diameter ye-coincidence ye-thread crests. Idayamitha ephambili yomsonto imele ubukhulu bomsonto wedayamitha yesiqhelo.
2. Idayamitha encinane/ingcambu yedayamitha (d2): Idayamitha yesilinda esicingelwayo apho ingcambu yomsonto idibana khona.
3. Umgama wamazinyo (p): umgama we-axial phakathi kwamazinyo akufutshane ohambelana namanqaku amabini kumbindi wemeridian. Kwinkqubo yobukhosi, i-pitch iboniswa ngenani lamazinyo nge-intshi nganye (25.4mm).
Oku kulandelayo kudwelisa imilinganiselo yepitch (metric) kunye nenani lamazinyo (i-imperial)
1) Ukuzicofa ngokweMetric:
Iinkcukacha: S T1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, S T3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4. 8, S T5.5, S T6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Umthamo: 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.1
2) I-intshi yokuzicofa ngokwakho:
Iinkcukacha: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#, 14#
Inani lamazinyo: AB amazinyo 24, 20, 20, 19, 18, 16, 14, 14
Izinyo 24, 20, 18, 16, 15, 12, 11, 10