Umatshini usebenze ubomi bonke, ithini i-4.4 kunye ne-8.8 kwibholithi?

Emva kokusebenza njengomatshini iminyaka emininzi, akufuneki ungayazi intsingiselo yeelebhile kwizikrufu, akunjalo?

Amabakala okusebenza kweebholiti zokudityaniswa kwesakhiwo sensimbi ahlulwe abe ngamabakala angaphezu kwe-10 afana ne-3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, njl. Phakathi kwabo, iibholiti zebakala 8.8 nangaphezulu zenziwe. yentsimbi ephantsi-carbon alloy okanye medium-carbon steel kwaye ubushushu-treat (ukucima, tempering), ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba iibholiti high-amandla, abanye baziwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuba iibholiti eziqhelekileyo. Ileyibhile yomgangatho wokusebenza webholithi iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini zamanani, ezimele ixabiso lamandla okuqina kunye nomlinganiselo wesivuno semathiriyeli yebholi ngokulandelelanayo. Umzekelo:
Iibholithi zodidi lwepropathi 4.6 zithetha:
Amandla okuqina okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo se-bolt afikelela kwi-400MPa;
Umlinganiselo wesivuno se-bolt material ngu-0.6;
Amandla esivuno esiqhelekileyo semathiriyeli yebholithi yi-400×0.6=240MPa.
Inqanaba lokusebenza 10.9 iibholiti zamandla aphezulu, emva kokunyanga ubushushu, zinokufikelela:
Amandla okuqina okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo se-bolt afikelela kwi-1000MPa;
Umlinganiselo wesivuno se-bolt material ngu-0.9;
Amandla emveliso yegama lesixhobo sebholithi yi-1000×0.9=900MPa.

Intsingiselo yomgangatho wokusebenza kwebholithi ngumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe. Iibholiti zebakala elifanayo lentsebenzo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umehluko kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye nemvelaphi, zisebenza ngokufanayo, kwaye kuphela ibakala lokusebenza elinokukhethwa kuyilo.
Okubizwa ngokuba yi-8.8 kunye ne-10.9 amandla amabakala athetha ukuba ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo lwe-shear ye-bolt yi-8.8GPa kunye ne-10.9GPa
8.8 Amandla okuqina okubizwa ngokuba yi-800N/MM2 Amandla emveliso yesiqhelo 640N/MM2
Iibholiti ngokubanzi zisebenzisa u-"XY" ukubonisa amandla, X*100=amandla okuqina ale bholithi, X*100*(Y/10)=amandla okuphuma kwale bholithi (kuba ngokwemigaqo: isivuno samandla/amandla okuqina =Y /10)
Umzekelo, ibakala 4.8, ukomelela kwale bolt ngala: 400MPa; amandla esivuno: 400*8/10=320MPa.
Enye: iibholiti zensimbi ezingenasici zidla ngokuphawulwa njenge-A4-70, A2-70, intsingiselo ichazwa ngenye indlela.
umlinganiselo
Kukho iiyunithi ezimbini eziphambili zomlinganiselo wobude ehlabathini namhlanje, enye yinkqubo yemetric, kwaye iyunithi yomlinganiselo ziimitha (m), iisentimitha (cm), iimilimitha (mm), njl njl. Uhlobo yinkqubo yobukhosi, kunye iyunithi yokulinganisa ubukhulu becala i-intshi, elingana ne-intshi yemarike yenkqubo endala kwilizwe lam, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu eUnited States, eBritani nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu naseMelika.
Umlinganiselo weMetric: (idesimali) 1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
Umlinganiselo we-Imperial: (i-8 inkqubo) i-intshi eyi-1 = i-8 yeesenti 1 intshi = 25.4 mm 3/8 × 25.4 = 9.52
Iimveliso ezingezantsi kwe-1/4 zisebenzisa inombolo yesiriyali ukubonisa idiameter yabo yokubiza, njenge: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#

umsonto
Intambo yimilo eneprotrusions ye-helical efanayo kwi-cross-section ye-slid yangaphandle okanye yangaphakathi. Ngokweempawu zayo zesakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa, inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu:
Umsonto oqhelekileyo: Ubume bezinyo buyinxantathu kwaye isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa okanye ukubopha iindawo. Imisonto eqhelekileyo yahlulahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezimbini: intambo erhabaxa kunye nentambo ecolekileyo ngokwepitshi, kwaye amandla onxibelelwano lomsonto ocolekileyo aphezulu.
Umsonto wothumelo: Kukho iimilo ze-trapezoidal, uxande, i-saw-shaped kunye ne-triangular.
Intambo yokutywina: isetyenziselwa ukutywina ukudibanisa, ubukhulu becala intambo yombhobho, intambo ye-tapered kunye nentambo yombhobho.
Hlela ngokwemilo:

Iklasi ehambelana nomsonto

Umsonto ulungelelanisa ubukhulu obukhululekileyo okanye obuqinileyo phakathi kwemisonto ekruhliweyo, kwaye umgangatho wokufaneleka yindibaniselwano echaziweyo yokutenxa kunye nokunyamezelana okusebenzayo kwimisonto yangaphakathi nangaphandle.
1. Kwimisonto ye-intshi edibeneyo, kukho amabakala amathathu entambo kwimisonto yangaphandle: 1A, 2A kunye no-3A, kunye namabakala amathathu kwimisonto yangaphakathi: 1B, 2B kunye ne-3B, zonke zihambelana nokucoceka. Okukhona liphezulu inani lokukala, kokukhona liqina. Kwimisonto yee-intshi, ukutenxa kucacisiwe kuphela kumabakala 1A no-2A, ukutenxa kwibakala 3A nguziro, kwaye ukutenxa kwibakala 1A no-2A kuyalingana. Inkulu inani lamanqanaba, encinci ukunyamezela.
Iiklasi ze-1A kunye ne-1B, iiklasi zokunyamezela ezikhululekile kakhulu, ezifanelekileyo ukunyamezela ukunyamezela imicu yangaphakathi nangaphandle.
AmaBanga 2A kunye no-2B ngawona mabanga axhaphakileyo okunyamezela imisonto achazwe kwii-intshi series fasteners mechanical.
AmaBanga 3A kunye ne-3B, adityaniswe kunye ukuze enze eyona nto ifanelekileyo, afanelekele izibophelelo eziqinileyo zokunyamezela kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukuyila okubalulekileyo kokhuseleko.
Kwimisonto yangaphandle, amabakala 1A kunye no-2A anokunyamezelana okufanelekileyo, ibakala 3A alinayo. Ukunyamezela kwe-1A yi-50% enkulu kunokunyamezela kwe-2A kunye ne-75% enkulu kunokunyamezela kwe-3A. Kwintambo yangaphakathi, ukunyamezela kwe-2B yi-30% enkulu kunokunyamezela kwe-2A. Iklasi 1B yi-50% enkulu kuneklasi 2B kunye ne-75% enkulu kuneklasi 3B.
2. Imisonto yeMetric, kukho amabakala amathathu eentambo zemisonto yangaphandle: 4h, 6h kunye ne-6g, kunye namabakala amathathu entambo kwimicu yangaphakathi: 5H, 6H, 7H. (Ibakala laseJapan lokuchaneka komsonto wokuchaneka lahlulahlulwe langamabakala amathathu: I, II, kunye ne-III, kwaye lidla ngokuba libakala II.) Kwimisonto yemetriki, ukutenxa okusisiseko kwe-H kunye no-h nguziro. Ukutenxa ku-G ku-positive, kwaye ukutenxa ku-e, f, kunye no-g ku-negative.
I-H yindawo yokunyamezela eqhelekileyo kwimicu yangaphakathi, kwaye ayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengendawo yokugquma, okanye i-phosphating layer isetyenziswa kakhulu. Ukutenxa okusisiseko kwesikhundla sika-G kusetyenziselwa iziganeko ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nokwaleka okutyebileyo, okungafane kusetyenziswe.
g isoloko isetyenziselwa ukugquma ingubo ebhityileyo ye-6-9um. Ngokomzekelo, umzobo wemveliso ufuna i-bolt ye-6h, kwaye intambo ngaphambi kokucoca isebenzisa indawo yokunyamezela ye-6g.
Ukulungelelaniswa kwentambo kuhlanganiswe kakuhle kwi-H / g, H / h okanye i-G / h. Kwimicu ye-fastener ecocekileyo efana ne-bolts kunye namantongomane, umgangatho uncoma ukulingana kwe-6H / 6g.
3. Ukumakishwa kwemisonto
Iiparamitha eziphambili zejometri zokuzibetha kunye neentambo zokuzibhobhoza
1. Idayamitha enkulu/idayamitha yezinyo yangaphandle (d1): Yingqikelelo ye-cylindrical diameter ye-coincidence ye-thread crests. Idayamitha enkulu yomsonto imele ubukhulu becala ubukhulu bomsonto.
2. Idayamitha encinane/ingcambu yedayamitha (d2): Yidayamitha yesilinda esicingelwayo apho ingcambu yomsonto idibana khona.
3. Umgama wamazinyo (p): umgama we-axial phakathi kwamazinyo akufutshane ohambelana namanqaku amabini kumbindi wemeridian. Kwinkqubo yobukhosi, i-pitch iboniswa ngenani lamazinyo nge-intshi nganye (25.4mm).
Oku kulandelayo kudwelisa iinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo zepitch (metric) kunye nenani lamazinyo (i-imperial)
1) Ukuzicofa ngokweMetric:
Iinkcukacha: S T1.5, S T1.9, S T2.2, S T2.6, S T2.9, S T3.3, S T3.5, S T3.9, S T4.2, S T4. 8, S T5.5, S T6.3, S T8.0, S T9.5
Umthamo: 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.3, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.8, 2.1, 2.1
2) I-intshi yokuzicofa ngokwakho:
Iinkcukacha: 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8#, 10#, 12#, 14#
Inani lamazinyo: AB amazinyo 24, 20, 20, 19, 18, 16, 14, 14
Izinyo 24, 20, 18, 16, 15, 12, 11, 10