Iingcebiso ezilishumi kwiimoto ze-CNC

1. Bubuchule bokufumana intwana yokutya okunzulu. Kwinkqubo yokuguqula, umsebenzi we-triangular uhlala usetyenziselwa ukucubungula ezinye iiseyile zokusebenza kunye nezangqa zangaphakathi nangaphandle ngaphezu kokuchaneka kwesibini. Ngenxa yobushushu bokusika, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwendawo yokusebenza kunye nesixhobo kubangela ukuba isixhobo sinxibe kunye nokuchaneka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kokuchaneka komnini wesixhobo sesikwere, njl., ngoko umgangatho unzima ukuqinisekisa. Ukusombulula ubunzulu obuchanekileyo be-micro-deep kwinkqubo yokujika, sinokusebenzisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwecala elichaseneyo kunye necala le-oblique likanxantathu njengoko kufuneka ukuhambisa isibambi semela esincinci kwi-engile ukufikelela ngokuchanekileyo kubunzulu bokutya obuthe tye be-engile. isixhobo sokuguqula i-micro-moving. Injongo: gcina abasebenzi kunye nexesha, qinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo leC620 lesixhobo somphathi wesixhobo ngu-0.05mm kwigridi nganye. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana ubunzulu bokutya obuthe tye obuyi-0.005mm, jonga i-sine trigonometric function table: sinα=0.005/0.05=0.1 α=5o44′, ngoko ke hambisa isibambi semela esincinci. Xa i-5o44 ', xa uhambisa i-disc eqoshiwe yobude kwisigxina sommese omncinci, inokufikelela kwi-micro-movement yesixhobo sokusika ngexabiso elinzulu le-0.005mm kwicala elisecaleni.

 

2. Ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yokuguqula umva kwiindlela ezintathu zokuvelisa ixesha elide libonisa ukuba kwinkqubo ethile yokuguqula, iteknoloji yokusika i-reverse inokufikelela kwiziphumo ezilungileyo. Le mizekelo ilandelayo yile ilandelayo:

(1) Xa izinto zokusikwa umva-ukusika intambo yintsimbi martensitic intsimbi stainless kunye nentsimbi yangaphakathi nangaphandle workpiece ngepitch ye-1.25 kunye 1.75 mm ukususela pitch ye-lathe screw isuswe yipitch yomsebenzi, ixabiso elifunyenweyo. Lixabiso elingenakuphela. Ukuba intambo yenziwe ngokuphakamisa umqheba we-counter nut, intambo idla ngokuphulwa. Ngokubanzi, i-lathe yesiqhelo ayinaso isixhobo se-buckle esingalungelelananga, kwaye iseti eyenziwe ngokwayo yediski ithatha ixesha elininzi ekuqhubekiseni isandi esinjalo. Xa uthunga, kuba njalo. Indlela eyamkelweyo yindlela yokuguqula isantya esisezantsi ngenxa yokuba i-high-speed-speed-up-up akwanele ukuhoxisa ummese, ngoko ukuveliswa kwemveliso kuphantsi, ifayile yenziwe ngokulula ngexesha loKujika, kwaye uburhabaxa bomphezulu buhlwempuzekileyo, ngakumbi. ekuqhubeni i-martensite insimbi engenasici njenge-1Crl3, i-2 Crl3, njl. I-reverse-cutting, i-reverse-cutting, kunye ne-direction-direction-direction "ezintathu-reverse" iindlela zokusika ezenziwe kwi-machining practice inokufikelela kwisiphumo esihle sokusika ngenxa yokuba indlela inokuguqula intambo ngesantya esiphezulu, kunye nolwalathiso oluhambayo lwesixhobo. ihlehliswa ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, ngoko ke akukho mpendulo yokuba isixhobo asikwazi ukurhoxiswa xa usika intambo ngesantya esiphezulu. Indlela ethile yile ilandelayo: Xa intambo yangaphandle isetyenzisiweyo, gaya isixhobo esifanayo sokuguqula intambo yangaphakathi (umzobo 1);

Gaya isixhobo sokuguqula intambo yangaphakathi engasemva (Umfanekiso 2).

 

Ngaphambiliumatshini, Lungisa i-spindle yepleyiti yokukhuhla kancinane kancinane ukuqinisekisa isantya sokujikeleza. Kwi-cutter yentambo elungileyo, vala i-nut yokuvula kunye nokuvala, qalisa isantya esihamba phambili kunye nesezantsi ukuya kwi-sipe engenanto, uze ubeke isixhobo sokuguqula intambo kubunzulu obufanelekileyo bokusika; ungabuyisela umva ukujikeleza. Ngeli xesha, isixhobo sokuguqula sishiywe kwisantya esiphezulu. Ngokusika ummese ngasekunene kunye nokusika inani leemela ngokwale ndlela, intambo enobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kunokwenziwa ngoomatshini.

(2) Kwinkqubo yemveli yokugoba umva, iifayili zentsimbi kunye nobutyobo zingeniswa ngokulula phakathi kwendawo yokusebenza kunye nemela yokugquma, ebangela ukuba i-workpiece ibe noxinzelelo, ibangele ukuba imigca idityaniswe, ipateni ityunyuziwe okanye ighosted, njl. Ukuba indlela entsha yokusebenza yokuGuqulwa kunye nokuguqa kwe-lathe spindle yamkelwe, izinto ezingeloncedo ezibangelwa kukusebenza okugudileyo kunokubakho. zithintelwe ngempumelelo, kwaye umphumo obanzi obanzi unokufunyanwa.

(3) Ukuguqula ukuguqulwa kwemisonto yetaper yangaphakathi nangaphandle Xa uguqula imisonto ye taper yangaphakathi neyangaphandle ngokuchaneka okuncinci kunye nebhetshi encinci, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo ukusika umva kunye nokulayisha umva ngaphandle kwesixhobo sokubumba. Kwindlela entsha yokusebenza, ngelixa usika icala lesixhobo, isixhobo sishukunyiswa ngokuthe tye ukusuka kwesobunxele ukuya kwesokudla. Ifayile enqamlezileyo yenza kube lula ukubamba ubunzulu befayile ukusuka kwidayamitha enkulu ukuya kwidayamitha encinci. Isizathu yifayile. Kukho uxinzelelo lwangaphambili. Uluhlu lwezicelo zolu hlobo olutsha lweteknoloji yokusebenza eguqukayo ekuguquleni iteknoloji isanda ngokubanzi kwaye inokusetyenziswa ngokuguquguqukayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

 

3. Indlela entsha yokusebenza kunye nezixhobo ezintsha zokubhoboza imingxuma emincinci Kwinkqubo yokuguqula, xa umngxuma ungaphantsi kwe-0.6mm, ububanzi be-drill buncinci, ukuqina akubi, isantya sokusika asikho phezulu, kunye nezinto zokusebenza. i-alloy enganyangekiyo ekushiseni kunye nensimbi engenasici, kwaye ukuxhathisa ukusika kukhulu, ngoko xa ubhobhoza, njengokusetyenziswa kwesondlo sokuhambisa ngoomatshini, i-drill ilula kakhulu ukuphuka, oku kulandelayo kuchaza isixhobo esilula nesisebenzayo kunye nendlela yokutya ngesandla. Okokuqala, i-drill chuck yokuqala iguqulwa ibe luhlobo oluthe tye lwe-shank. Xa i-drill encinci ibotshelelwe kwi-chuck ye-drill edadayo, ukugrumba kunokwenziwa ngokutyibilikayo. Ngenxa yokuba indawo engasemva ye-drill bit is straight shank sliding fit, inokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kumkhono wokutsala. Xa umngxuma omncinci ugrunjwa, i-drill chuck inokubanjwa ngobumnene ngesandla, i-manual feed micro ingenziwa, kwaye umngxuma omncinci unokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza. Umgangatho kunye nobungakanani kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yee-drills ezincinci. I-chuck ye-drill eguquliweyo eneenjongo ezininzi ingasetyenziselwa ukucofa intambo yangaphakathi ye-diameter encinci, i-reaming, njl.

 

4. I-Anti-vibration kwi-deep-hole machining Kwi-deep-hole machining, ngenxa ye-aperture encinci, ibha yesixhobo esinesithukuthezi i-slender. Akunakuphepheka ukuvelisa ukungcangcazela xa i-diameter yomngxuma iyi-Φ30～50mm, kwaye umngxuma onzulu malunga ne-1000mm. Yeyona isebenzayo kwaye isebenzayo ukukhusela ukungcangcazela kwe-arbor. Indlela yokuqhoboshela izixhaso ezimbini (usebenzisa izinto ezifana nelaphu le-bakelite) kumzimba we-shank, kwaye ubungakanani bufana ngqo nobukhulu bokuvula. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokusika, i-arbor ayinakukwazi ukuxubha ngenxa yokubeka i-slats, kwaye iindawo ezinzulu zomngxuma womgangatho omhle zinokucutshungulwa.

 

5. I-anti-break ye-drill encinci yeziko ingaphantsi komngxuma ophakathi kwe-Φ1.5mm xa u-drilling ungaphantsi komngxuma ophakathi we-Φ1.5mm. Indlela elula nesebenzayo yokunqanda ukuqhawuka kukungatshixa i-tailstock xa ugrumba umngxuma osembindini kodwa uvumele i-tailstock. I-self-weight kunye ne-friction eyenziwe phakathi kwendawo yebhedi yomatshini isetyenziselwa ukugrumba umngxuma ophakathi. Xa ukuchasana kokusika kukhulu kakhulu, i-tailstock iya kubuya ngokwayo, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela i-drill center.

 

 

6. I-Anti-vibration yokuguqula ii-workpieces ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo Ngexesha lokujika kwezinto ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo, ii-vibrations zivame ukuveliswa ngenxa yeempawu zensimbi ezimbi zezinto zokusebenza; ngakumbi xaukuguqula intsimbi engenasicikunye ne-alloys ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu, ukungcangcazela kugqame ngakumbi, uburhabaxa bomphezulu we-workpiece buhlwempuzeke kakhulu, kwaye ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo bufutshane. Ezona ndlela zilula zokwahlula ukothuka kwiimveliso ezininzi zichazwe ngezantsi.

(1) Xa ujika isangqa sangaphandle sentsimbi engenastainless umngxuma obhityileyo ityhubhu workpiece, umngxuma ungazaliswa chips iinkuni kwaye iplagwe. Kwangaxeshanye, zombini iziphelo workpiece ziplagwe iplagi bakelite, kwaye ke uzipho inkxaso kwisibambi isixhobo endaweni yayo Imelon exhasayo yezinto bakelite inokulungisa arc efunekayo ukwenza Ukujika kwentsimbi engenanto. intonga ebhityileyo. Le ndlela ilula inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukungcangcazela kunye nokuguqulwa kwentonga ye-slender engenanto ngexesha lokusika.

(2) Xa ujika umngxuma wangaphakathi wesixhobo esimelana nobushushu (i-high-nickel-chromium) ingxubevange enodonga olucekethekileyo, ukuqina kwesixhobo sokusebenza asilunganga, i-shank ibhityile, kwaye kwenzeka into embi kakhulu ngexesha lokusika; nto leyo inoxanduva ngokugqithisileyo lokonakalisa isixhobo kwaye ibangele inkcitho. Ukuba into efunxa umothuko, enjengomtya werabha okanye isiponji, ibotshelelwe kwisangqa esingaphandle sesixhobo sokusebenza, umphumo wokothuka unokufezekiswa ngokufanelekileyo.

(3) Xa ujika isangqa sangaphandle se-alloy-resistant-resistant-sleeve workpiece, ngenxa yezinto ezibanzi ezifana nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-alloy-resistant alloy, kulula ukuvelisa ukungcangcazela kunye nokuguqulwa ngexesha lokusika. Ukuba umngxuma werabha okanye intambo yomqhaphu ifakwe kumngxuma wokusebenza, i-debris isetyenzisiwe, ke indlela yokudibanisa kwiziphelo zombini ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukungcangcazela kunye nokuguqulwa kwendawo yokusebenza ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. I-workpiece enodonga olucekethekileyo inokuqhutyelwa phambili.

 

7. Isixhobo esongezelelweyo sokulwa ne-anti-vibration senza ngokulula ukungcangcazela ngenxa yobunzima bobunzima bomsebenzi owenziwe nge-shaft-type elongated ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika i-multi-groove, okubangelwa ukungahambi kakuhle kwendawo yokusebenza kunye nomonakalo kwisixhobo. Iseti yezixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokulwa ne-vibration inokusombulula ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki ye-vibration yamacandelo amancinci kwinkqubo ye-grooving (jonga uMzobo 10). Fakela isixhobo sokwenza umothuko esenziwe ngokwakho kwindawo efanelekileyo kwisibambi sesixhobo esisikwere phambi komsebenzi. Emva koko, faka isixhobo sokuguqula i-slot-shaped-shaped-shaped-shaped-shaped-shaped-shaped-shaped-shaped tool kwi-square tool holder, lungisa umgama kunye nomlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kwentwasahlobo, uze usebenze. Xa isixhobo sokuguqula sinqumla kwi-workpiece, isixhobo esongezelelweyo sokulwa ne-vibration sibekwe phezu kwendawo yokusebenza ngexesha elifanayo, elilungele ukutshitshiswa. Isiphumo.

 

8. Izinto ezinzima kumatshini zilungiswa kwaye zigqitywe. Xa sikwizinto ezinzima kumatshini ezifana ne-alloys ephezulu yokushisa kunye neentsimbi eziqiniweyo, uburhabaxa bendawo yokusebenza bufuneka ukuba bube yi-Ra0.20-0.05μm, kunye nokuchaneka kwe-dimensional kuphezulu. Ukugqitywa kokugqibela ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa kumatshini wokugaya. Yenza i-self-ezenziwe isixhobo esilula se-honing kunye nevili le-honing, kwaye ufumane isiphumo esihle sezoqoqosho ngokuhombisa endaweni yenkqubo yokugaya kwi-lathe.

 

9. Ukulayisha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhupha i-mandrels idla ngokudibana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseti zokuzala kwinkqubo yokujika. Isangqa sangaphandle kunye ne-angle ye-taper yesikhokelo eguqulweyo yendibano yokuthwala. Ngenxa yobukhulu bebhetshi enkulu, ixesha lokulayisha kunye nokukhulula lingaphezulu kwexesha lokusika. Ixesha elide, ukusebenza kwemveliso ephantsi. I-mandrel yokulayisha ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-single-knife i-multi-blade (intsimbi enzima) yokuguqula izixhobo ezichazwe ngezantsi inokugcina ixesha elincedisayo kwaye iqinisekise umgangatho wemveliso ekuqhutyweni kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zokuthwala imikhono. Indlela yokuvelisa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Yenza elula, e taper mandrel encinane. Umgaqo kukusebenzisa umkhondo 0.02mm taper ngasemva mandrel. Iseti yokuthwala iqinisiwe kwi-mandrel ngokukhuhlana, kwaye ke isixhobo sokuguqula i-multi-blade sisetyenziswe. Emva komjikelezo, i-angle ye-cone ye-15 ° iguqulwa, kwaye indawo yokupaka iqhutyelwa ukususa iindawo ngokukhawuleza kwaye kakuhle, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso.

 

10. Ukuguqulwa kweengxenye zetsimbi ezinzima

1 ukuplaga kumphezulu ogudileyo 5 Iitephu eziqengqelekayo ezenziwe ngentsimbi enesantya esiphezulu i-hardware kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezinzima ezidibana nazo kwimveliso engentla, khetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zesixhobo kunye nesixa sokusika kunye nesixhobo ii-engile zejometri kunye neendlela zokusebenza zinokufikelela kwiziphumo ezilungileyo zezoqoqosho ngokubanzi. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokuba i-square broach iphukile, ukuba iphinda iqaliswe ukwenza i-square broach, kungekhona nje umjikelezo wokuvelisa ixesha elide kodwa neendleko eziphezulu. Kwingcambu ye-broach yokuqala, sisebenzisa i-blade ye-alloy eqinile ye-YM052 ukuyilola ibe yi-negative. Iengile yangaphambili r. =-6 ° ～-8 °, umgca wokusika unokuguqulwa ngokugaya ngokucophelela ngelitye leoli. Isantya sokusika yi-V=10～15m/min. Emva kwesangqa sangaphandle, i-sipe engenanto iyasikwa, kwaye ekugqibeleni, intambo ihlulwe ibe yi-coarse kwaye ilungile. ), emva kokurhabaxa, isixhobo kufuneka sihlaziywe kwaye sihlatywe emva kokulolwa okutsha kunye nokugaya. Emva koko, intambo yangaphakathi yentonga yokudibanisa kufuneka ilungiswe, kwaye ukudibanisa kufuneka kunqunywe. I-square broach ene-scrap ephukile yalungiswa emva kokuguqulwa, kwaye yayindala njengentsha.

(2) Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zesixhobo sokuguqula kunye nokucima i-hardware 1 Amabakala amatsha afana ne-hard alloy YM052, YM053, YT05, njl., isantya sokusika ngokubanzi singaphantsi kwe-18m / min, kunye nobunzima bomphezulu we-workpiece bunokufikelela kwi-Ra1.6 ~0.80μm. I-2 cubic boron nitride tool FD inokuqhuba zonke iintlobo zentsimbi eqinile kunye neengxenye ezitshiziweyo, ukusika isantya ukuya kwi-100m / min, uburhabaxa bomhlaba ukuya kuthi ga kwiRa0.80 ~ 0.20μm. Isixhobo esihlanganisiweyo se-cubic boron nitride i-DCS-F eveliswe yi-State Capital Machinery Plant kunye neGuizhou No.6 Grinding Wheel Factory nayo inalo msebenzi. Impembelelo yokucubungula imbi kakhulu kune-carbide ene-cemented (kodwa amandla awalungile njengaleyo ye-alloy eqinile; inzulu kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi kune-alloy eqinile, kwaye kulula ukuyonakalisa ukuba isetyenziswe ngokungafanelekanga). Izixhobo ezisithoba ze-ceramic, isantya sokusika se-40 ~ 60m / min, amandla ampofu. Zonke ezi zixhobo zingentla zineempawu zazo ekujikeni nasekucimeni iindawo kwaye kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwemiqathango ethile yokuguqula izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nobunzima obuhlukeneyo.

(3) Ukukhethwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi eqinile kunye nezixhobo zesixhobo Izinto ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi eqinile phantsi kobunzima obufanayo, iimfuno zokusebenza kwesixhobo zihluke ngokupheleleyo, zinkulu njengezi ntlobo zintathu zilandelayo: 1 intsimbi ephezulu ye-alloy: ibhekisela kwi-alloying. izinto Isixhobo sentsimbi kunye nentsimbi yokufa (ikakhulukazi iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezinesantya esiphezulu) ezinobunzima obungaphezu kwe-10%. I-2 yensimbi ye-alloy: ibhekisela kwinsimbi yensimbi kunye nentsimbi yokufa kunye nomxholo we-alloying element ye-2 ~ 9%, njenge-9SiCr, i-CrWMn, kunye ne-high-force alloy structural steel. Iintsimbi ezintathu zekhabhoni: kubandakanywa iishiti zezixhobo zekhabhoni ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi kunye nentsimbi ye-carburized njenge-T8, T10, i-15 yentsimbi, okanye i-20 gauge steel carburizing steel. I-carbon steel, i-microstructure emva kokucima i-martensite edibeneyo kunye nenani elincinci le-carbide, iinwele ezinzima ze-HV800 ~ 1000, kunobunzima be-WC kunye ne-TiC kwi-carbide ene-cemented kunye ne-A12D3 kwizixhobo ze-ceramic. Isezantsi kakhulu, kwaye ayishushu kancinci kune-martensite ngaphandle kwezinto ezixutywayo kwaye ayigqithisi kwi-200 °C. Njengoko umxholo wezinto zokudibanisa kwintsimbi ukhula, umxholo we-carbide wentsimbi emva kokucima kunye nokunyuka kwenyuka, kwaye uhlobo lwe-carbide luba nzima kakhulu. Ukuthatha i-high-speed steel njengomzekelo, umxholo we-carbides kwi-microstructure emva kokucima kunye nokufudumala kunokufikelela kwi-10-15% (umlinganiselo wevolumu) kwaye iqulethe i-carbides ye-MC, i-M2C, i-M6 M3, i-2C, njl Ubunzima obuphezulu (HV2800) iphezulu kakhulu kunobunzima benqanaba lenqaku elinzima kwizinto zesixhobo jikelele. Ukongeza, ngenxa yobukho benani elikhulu lezinto ezidibeneyo, ubulukhuni obushushu be-martensite equlethe izinto ezahlukeneyo zokuxuba bunganyuswa ukuya malunga ne-600 °C. Ukusebenza kanzima kweentsimbi ezilukhuni kunye ne-microhardness efanayo ayifani, kwaye umehluko mkhulu kakhulu. Phambi kokuguqula iintsimbi eziqinileyo, zihlalutywa ukuba zezolu didi. Lawula iimpawu kwaye ukhethe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zesixhobo, isixa sokusika, kunye nejiyometri yesixhobo. I-engile inokugqiba ngokutyibilikayo umtya weendawo eziqinileyo zentsimbi.