Uphononongo luKhanya kwimiqobo ekusetyenzweni kweMathiriyeli yeNtsimbi eNgatyiwayo

Ziziphi iingenelo ezicacileyo zeengxenye ze-CNC zisebenzisa insimbi engenasici njengento ekrwada xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium alloys?

Insimbi engenasici iyona nto ikhethekileyo yokukhethwa kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa. Ixhathisa kakhulu kumhlwa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezirhabaxa ezifana nezaselwandle, i-aerospace, kunye nemizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali. Ngokungafaniyo nentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium alloys, insimbi engenasici ayinakugqwala okanye i-corrode ngokulula, eyandisa ixesha elide kunye nokuthembeka kwamacandelo.

Intsimbi engatyiwayo nayo yomelele ngokumangalisayo kwaye yomelele, inokuthelekiswa nealloyi zentsimbi kwaye ide yodlule amandla ealloyi zealuminiyam. Oku kuyenza ibe lukhetho olukhulu kwizicelo ezifuna ukomelela kunye nemfezeko yesakhiwo, njengemoto, i-aerospace, kunye nolwakhiwo.

Enye inzuzo yensimbi engenasici kukuba igcina iimpawu zayo zomatshini kumaqondo aphezulu kunye namaqondo aphantsi. Olu phawu luyenza ilungele izicelo apho ukuhluka kobushushu obugqithisileyo kuhlangatyezwana nayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iialloyi ze-aluminiyam zinokufumana amandla ancitshisiweyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kwaye intsimbi inokuchaphazeleka kukudleka kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo.

Intsimbi engatyiwayo nayo icocekile ngokwendalo kwaye kulula ukuyicoca. Oku kuyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwizicelo kumashishini ezonyango, amayeza, kunye namashishini okulungisa ukutya apho ucoceko luyimfuneko. Ngokungafani nentsimbi, insimbi engenasici ayifuni iingubo ezongezelelweyo okanye unyango ukuze kugcinwe iimpawu zayo ezicocekileyo.

Nangona insimbi engenasici ineenzuzo ezininzi, ubunzima bayo bokucwangcisa abunakuhoywa.

Ubunzima ekusetyenzweni kwemathiriyeli yensimbi engenastainless ikakhulu kubandakanya le miba ilandelayo:

1. Amandla aphezulu okusika kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bokusika

Esi sixhobo sinamandla aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo olubalulekileyo lwe-tangential, kwaye lufumana ukuguqulwa kweplastiki ngexesha lokusika, okukhokelela kumandla amakhulu okusika. Ngaphezu koko, izinto eziphathekayo zine-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal, ebangela ukuba ukushisa kweqondo lokushisa kunyuke. Ubushushu obuphezulu buhlala bugxininiswe kwindawo encinci kufuphi nomda wokusika isixhobo, okukhokelela ekunxibeleni ngokukhawuleza kwesixhobo.

2. Umsebenzi onzima wokuqina

I-Austenitic stainless steel kunye ne-high-temperature alloy stainless steels zinesakhiwo se-austenitic. Ezi zixhobo zinomkhuba ophezulu wokusebenza nzima ngexesha lokusika, ngokuqhelekileyo amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu kwentsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, isixhobo sokusika sisebenza kwindawo enzima yomsebenzi, enciphisa ixesha lokuphila kwesixhobo.

3. Kulula ukunamathela kwimela

Zombini i-austenitic stainless steel kunye ne-martensitic stainless steel zabelana ngeempawu zokuvelisa iitshiphusi ezomeleleyo kunye nokuvelisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu xa kusetyenzwa. Oku kunokubangela ukunamathela, ukuwelda, kunye nezinye izinto ezincamathelayo ezinokuphazamisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu.iindawo ezenziwe ngoomatshini.

4. Ukunxiba izixhobo ezikhawulezileyo

Izinto ezikhankanywe ngasentla ziqulethe izinto eziphezulu ze-melting-point, zilula kakhulu, kwaye zivelisa amaqondo okushisa aphezulu. Ezi zinto zikhokelela ekunxityweni kwezixhobo ezikhawulezileyo, kufuneke ukuba izixhobo zilolwe rhoqo kwaye zitshintshwe. Oku kuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwemveliso kwaye kwandisa iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo. Ukulwa nale nto, kucetyiswa ukunciphisa isantya somgca wokusika kunye nokutya. Ukongezelela, kungcono ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenzwa kwensimbi engenasici okanye i-alloys ephezulu yokushisa, kunye nokusebenzisa ukupholisa kwangaphakathi xa ubhobhoza kwaye ucofa.

Izixhobo zetsimbi ezomeleleyo zokulungisa iteknoloji

Ngolu hlalutyo lungentla lobunzima bokusebenza, itekhnoloji yokucubungula kunye noyilo lweparamitha yesixhobo esinxulumeneyo kufuneka yahluke kakhulu kwizinto eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi. Itekhnoloji yokucubungula ethile yile ilandelayo:

1. Ukuqhuba ukugrumba

Xa kusetyenzwa izinto zensimbi engenasici, ukusetyenzwa komngxuma kunokuba nzima ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwe-thermal kunye nemodyuli encinci ye-elastic. Ukuze unqobe lo mngeni, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zesixhobo kufuneka zikhethwe, iiparameters zejometri ezifanelekileyo zesixhobo kufuneka zinqunywe, kwaye ixabiso lokusika isixhobo kufuneka libekwe. Iibhithi zedrill ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-W6Mo5Cr4V2Al kunye ne-W2Mo9Cr4Co8 ziyacetyiswa ukomba olu hlobo lwezinto.

Iingceba zokubhoboza ezenziwe ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu zineengxaki ezithile. zibiza kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuzithenga. Xa usebenzisa i-W18Cr4V esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-speed drill bit yentsimbi, kukho iintsilelo. Ngokomzekelo, i-angle ye-vertex incinci kakhulu, ii-chips eziveliswayo zibanzi kakhulu ukuba zikhutshwe emngxunyeni ngexesha, kwaye ulwelo lokusika alukwazi ukupholisa i-drill bit ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphezu koko, insimbi engenasici, ukuba yi-conductor ye-thermal empofu, ibangela ukuxinwa kweqondo lokushisa kwi-cut cut. Oku kunokubangela ukutshisa kunye nokutshiphuka kwemigangatho emibini yeflanki kunye nomphetho oyintloko, ukunciphisa ubomi benkonzo ye-drill bit.

I-1) Isixhobo soyilo lweparamitha yejometri Xa ubhobhoza nge-W18Cr4V Xa usebenzisa i-drill drill bit yentsimbi eqhelekileyo, amandla okusika kunye nobushushu bugxininiswe kakhulu kwi-drill tip. Ukuphucula ukuqina kwenxalenye yokusika i-drill bit, sinokunyusa i-angle ye-vertex malunga ne-135 ° ~ 140 °. Oku kuya kunciphisa i-engile yeraki engaphandle kwaye icuthe iitshiphusi zokomba ukuze kube lula ukuzisusa. Nangona kunjalo, ukonyusa i-angle ye-vertex kuya kwenza umda we-chisel we-drill bit ibe banzi, okukhokelela ekuchaseni okuphezulu kokusika. Ke ngoko, kufuneka sigaye umphetho wetshiseli we-drill bit. Emva kokusila, i-engile ye-bevel ye-edge ye-chisel kufuneka ibe phakathi kwe-47 ° ukuya ku-55 °, kwaye i-engile ye-rake kufuneka ibe yi-3 ° ~ 5 °. Ngelixa ukugaya i-chisel edge, kufuneka sijikeleze ikona phakathi komgca wokusika kunye ne-cylindrical surface ukuze kwandiswe amandla omgca we-chisel.

Izinto zensimbi ezingenasici zinemodyuli encinci ye-elastic, oku kuthetha ukuba isinyithi esingaphantsi komgangatho we-chip sinokubuyiswa okukhulu kwe-elastic kunye nokusebenza nzima ngexesha lokucubungula. Ukuba i-angle yokucoca incinci kakhulu, ukunxiba kwe-drill bit flank surface kuya kukhawuleziswa, ukushisa kweqondo lokushisa kuya kwandiswa, kwaye ubomi be-drill bit buya kuncitshiswa. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa i-angle yokukhulula ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-angle yokunceda inkulu kakhulu, umgca oyintloko we-drill bit uya kuba mncinci, kwaye ukuqina komphetho oyintloko kuya kuncitshiswa. I-engile yokukhulula ye-12 ° ukuya kwi-15 ° ikhethwa ngokubanzi. Ukuze ucuthe iitshiphusi ze-drill kunye nokuququzelela ukususwa kwetshiphu, kuyafuneka ukuba uvule iigrooves ezishukumayo kwimigangatho emibini yeflank yento yokubhola.

2) Xa ukhetha isixa sokusika ukugaya, ukukhethwa kwe-Xa kuziwa ekusikeni, indawo yokuqala kufuneka ibe kukunciphisa ubushushu bokusika. Ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu kubangela ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukunxiba izixhobo. Ngoko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokusika kukukhetha isantya esifanelekileyo sokusika. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isantya esicetyiswayo sokusika siphakathi kwe-12-15m / min. Izinga lokutya, kwelinye icala, linempembelelo encinci kubomi besixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba izinga lokutya liphantsi kakhulu, isixhobo siya kunqumla kumaleko aqiniweyo, okuya kubi kakhulu ukunxiba. Ukuba izinga lokutya liphezulu kakhulu, uburhabaxa bomphezulu buya kuba mbi kakhulu. Ukuqwalasela le miba mibini ingentla, izinga lokutya elicetyiswayo liphakathi kwe-0.32 kunye ne-0.50mm / r.

I-3) Ukusika ukhetho lwamanzi: Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukushisa kokusika ngexesha lokugaya, i-emulsion ingasetyenziswa njengendawo yokupholisa.

2. Ukucubungula kwakhona

I-1) Xa uhlaziya izinto zensimbi ezingenasici, izixhobo ze-carbide zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ubume be-reamer kunye neeparitha zejometri ziyahluka kwezo zixhamli eziqhelekileyo. Ukuthintela ukuvaleka kwetshiphu ngexesha lokuphinda kuphinde kwandiswe ukomelela kwamazinyo okusika, inani lamazinyo aphinda-phindayo ligcinwa lisezantsi ngokwentelekiso. I-engile yerakhi ye-reamer idla ngokuba phakathi kwe-8° ukuya kwi-12°, nangona kwezinye iimeko ezithile, i-engile yeraki ka-0° ukuya ku-5° inokusetyenziselwa ukufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu sokubuyisela kwakhona umbane. I-engile yokususa iqhelekile malunga ne-8° ukuya kwi-12°.

I-angle yokunciphisa i-angle ikhethwa ngokuxhomekeke kumngxuma. Ngokubanzi, kumngxuma odlulayo, i-engile yi-15 ° ukuya ku-30 ​​°, ngelixa kumngxuma ongaphumeleli, yi-45 °. Ukukhupha iitshiphusi phambili xa uphinda uphinda-phinda, i-angle yokuthambekela emphethweni inokunyuswa malunga ne-10 ° ukuya kwi-20 °. Ububanzi be-blade kufuneka bube phakathi kwe-0.1 ukuya kwi-0.15mm. Itheyiphu eguqulweyo kwisixhobo esibuyisela umva kufuneka ibe nkulu kunaleyo yeeream eziqhelekileyo. I-carbide reamers ngokubanzi i-0.25 ukuya kwi-0.5mm / 100mm, ngelixa i-high-speed steel reamers i-0.1 ukuya kwi-0.25mm / 100mm ngokwe-taper yazo.

Inxalenye yokulungisa i-reamer idla ngokuba ngama-65% ukuya kuma-80% obude bezixhobo zombane eziqhelekileyo. Ubude be-cylindrical part bukholisa ukuba yi-40% ukuya kwi-50% ye-reamers eziqhelekileyo.

I-2) Xa uhlaziywa, kubalulekile ukukhetha isixa esifanelekileyo sokutya, okufuneka sibe phakathi kwe-0.08 ukuya kwi-0.4mm / r, kunye nesantya sokusika, esifanele sibe phakathi kwe-10 ukuya kwi-20m / min. Isibonelelo se-rough reming kufuneka sibe phakathi kwe-0.2 ukuya ku-0.3mm, ngelixa i-final reming allowance kufuneka ibe phakathi kwe-0.1 ukuya ku-0.2mm. Kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo ze-carbide zokuphinda ziqhume, kunye nezixhobo zentsimbi ezikhawulezayo zokuphinda zilungiswe.

3) Xa ukhetha ulwelo lokusika ukubuyisela izinto zensimbi ezingenasici, ioli ye-oyile yelahleko epheleleyo okanye i-molybdenum disulfide ingasetyenziswa njengendawo yokupholisa.

3. Ukulungiswa okukruqulayo

I-1) Xa ukhetha izixhobo zesixhobo sokucubungula iindawo zetsimbi ezingenasici, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela amandla aphezulu okusika kunye nokushisa. IiCarbides ezinamandla aphezulu kunye ne-thermal conductivity enhle, njenge-YW okanye i-YG carbide, iyacetyiswa. Ukugqiba, i-YT14 kunye ne-YT15 yokufaka i-carbide nayo ingasetyenziswa. Izixhobo ze-Ceramic zingasetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kweebhetshi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi zixhobo zibonakaliswe ngokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuqina komsebenzi onzima, okuya kubangela ukuba isixhobo singcangcazele kwaye kunokubangela ukungcangcazela kwe-microscopic kwi-blade. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha izixhobo ze-ceramic zokusika ezi zixhobo, ukuqina kwe-microscopic kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Okwangoku, izinto ze-α/βSialon zolona khetho lungcono ngenxa yokuchasana okugqwesileyo kwi-deformation ephezulu yobushushu kunye nokunxiba kwe-diffusion. Isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ekusikeni i-nickel-based alloys, kwaye ubomi bayo benkonzo budlula kakhulu i-Al2O3-based ceramics. I-SiC whisker-reinforced ceramics sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokusika isinyithi esingenasici okanye i-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel.

I-CBN (i-cubic boron nitride) iiblades zinconywa ukuba zisetyenzwe iindawo ezicinyiweyo ezenziwe ngezi zinto. I-CBN yeyesibini kuphela kwidayimani ngokobulukhuni, kunye nenqanaba lobunzima elinokufikelela kwi-7000 ~ 8000HV. Inokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu kwaye inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu bokusika ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1200 ° C. Ngaphezu koko, i-inert yekhemikhali kwaye ayinayo intsebenziswano yeekhemikhali kunye nentsimbi yeqela lesinyithi kwi-1200 ukuya kwi-1300 ° C, iyenza ilungele ukusetyenzwa kwezinto zensimbi ezingenasici. Ubomi bayo besixhobo bunokuba ngamaxesha amaninzi ubude kunobo be-carbide okanye izixhobo ze-ceramic.

2) Uyilo lwesixhobo seeparamitha zejometri lubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kokusika. Izixhobo zeCarbide zifuna i-angle enkulu ye-rake ukuqinisekisa inkqubo yokusika egudileyo kunye nobomi obude besixhobo. I-engile yeharika kufuneka ibe malunga ne-10° ukuya kuma-20° kumatshini orhabaxa, i-15° ukuya kuma-20° xa ugqibezela isiqingatha, kunye no-20° ukuya kuma-30° ukugqibezela. I-angle ephambili yokuphambuka kufuneka ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kubulukhuni benkqubo yenkqubo, kunye noluhlu lwama-30 ° ukuya kuma-45 ° ngokungqongqo okulungileyo kunye nama-60 ° ukuya kuma-75 ° ekuqineni okubi. Xa umyinge wobude ukuya kwi-diameter ye-workpiece idlula amaxesha alishumi, i-angle enkulu yokuphambuka ingaba ngu-90 °.

Xa kusetyenziswa izinto zentsimbi ekruqulayo ezinezixhobo ze-ceramic, i-rake engalunganga isetyenziselwa ukusika, ukusuka kwi--5 ° ukuya -12 °. Oku kunceda ukuqinisa i-blade kwaye kuthathe ithuba elipheleleyo lamandla aphezulu oxinzelelo lwezixhobo ze-ceramic. Ubungakanani be-angle yokukhulula buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukunxiba kwesixhobo kunye namandla e-blade, kunye noluhlu lwe-5 ° ukuya kwi-12 °. Utshintsho kwi-angle ye-deflection ephambili ichaphazela i-radial kunye ne-axial cutting forces, kunye nobubanzi bokusika kunye nobukhulu. Ekubeni i-vibration ingaba yingozi kwizixhobo zokusika i-ceramic, i-angle yokuphambuka ephambili kufuneka ikhethwe ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela, ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-30 ° ukuya kwi-75 °.

Xa i-CBN isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sesixhobo, isixhobo seeparamitha zejometri kufuneka siquke i-engile yerake ye-0 ° ukuya kwi-10 °, i-angle yokukhulula i-12 ° ukuya kwi-20 °, kunye ne-angle yokuphambuka ephambili ye-45 ° ukuya kwi-90 °.

3) Xa ulola umphezulu weraki, kubalulekile ukugcina ixabiso elibukhali lincinci. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa isixhobo sinoburhabaxa obuncinane, siyanceda ekunciphiseni ukuchasana nokuqukuqela kweetshiphusi zokusika kwaye siphephe ingxaki yeetshiphusi ezincamathelayo kwisixhobo. Ukuqinisekisa ixabiso elincinci lobunzima, kucetyiswa ukuba ucole ngokucophelela indawo yangaphambili nasemva kwesixhobo. Oku kuya kunceda ekuthinteleni iitshiphusi ezincamathelayo kwimela.

4) Kubalulekile ukugcina umda wokusika wesixhobo ubukhali ukuze unciphise ukuqina komsebenzi. Ukongeza, isixa sesondlo kunye nesixa sokusikwa ngasemva kufuneka sibe nengqiqo ukunqanda isixhobo ekusikeni kumaleko omeleleyo, anokuthi abe nefuthe elibi kubomi besixhobo.

5) Kubalulekile ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kwinkqubo yokugaya i-chip breaker xa usebenza ngensimbi engenasici. Ezi chips ziyaziwa ngeempawu zazo ezomeleleyo kwaye zinzima, ngoko ke i-chip breaker kwindawo ye-rake yesixhobo kufuneka ibe phantsi ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuya kwenza kube lula ukuphula, ukubamba, kunye nokususa iichips ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika.

6) Xa usika insimbi engenasici, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isantya esiphantsi kunye nemali eninzi yokutya. Ukudinwa ngezixhobo zeceramic, ukukhetha isixa esifanelekileyo sokusika kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okugqibeleleyo. Ukusika ngokuqhubekayo, isixa sokusika kufuneka sikhethwe ngokusekelwe kubudlelwane phakathi kokuqina kokugqoka kunye nesixa sokusika. Ukusika okuphakathi, isixa esifanelekileyo sokusika kufuneka sinqunywe ngokusekelwe kwipatheni yokuqhawula isixhobo.

Kuba izixhobo ze-ceramic zinobushushu obugqwesileyo kunye nokunganyangeki, impembelelo yokusika isixa kubomi bokunxiba isixhobo ayibalulekanga njengezixhobo ze-carbide. Ngokubanzi, xa usebenzisa izixhobo ze-ceramic, ireyithi yokutya yeyona nto inovelwano kakhulu yokuqhekeka kwesixhobo. Ke ngoko, xa udikayo iinxalenye zentsimbi engenasici, zama ukukhetha isantya esiphezulu sokusika, ubungakanani obukhulu bokusika umva, kunye nokuqhubela phambili okuncinci, ngokusekwe kwisixhobo sokusebenza kunye nokuxhomekeka kumandla omatshini womatshini, ukuqina kwenkqubo, kunye namandla e-blade.

I-7) Xa usebenza ngensimbi engenasici, kubalulekile ukukhetha ulwelo oluchanekileyo lokusika ukuze uqinisekise ukuba yimpumelelo. Insimbi engenasici ixhomekeke ekudibaniseni kwaye inokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, ngoko ke i-fluid yokusika ekhethiweyo kufuneka ibe nokuchasana okulungileyo kunye neempawu zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. Ngokomzekelo, ulwelo lokusika olunomxholo ophezulu weklorini lunokusetyenziswa.

Ukongezelela, kukho i-mineral oil-free, i-nitrate-free-free-aqueous solutions ekhoyo enokupholisa okulungileyo, ukucoca, i-anti-rust, kunye nemiphumo yokuthambisa, njenge-H1L-2 ye-synthetic cutting fluid. Ngokusebenzisa ulwelo olufanelekileyo lokusika, ubunzima obunxulunyaniswa nokusetyenzwa kwensimbi engenasici bunokoyiswa, okukhokelela kubomi besixhobo esiphuculweyo ngexesha lokomba, ukuhlaziya, kunye nokukruqula, ukunciphisa ukulolwa kwesixhobo kunye notshintsho, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kwemveliso, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokuqhuba umngxuma. Oku kunokunciphisa ubungakanani babasebenzi kunye neendleko zemveliso ngelixa kufunyanwa iziphumo ezanelisayo.

E-Anebon, ingcamango yethu kukubeka phambili umgangatho kunye nokunyaniseka, ukubonelela ngoncedo olunyanisekileyo, kwaye sizame ukufumana inzuzo efanayo. Sijonge ukudala ngokugqwesileyo rhoqoiindawo zentsimbi ezijikekileyokunye ne-microCNC milling iinxalenye. Siwuxabisile umbuzo wakho kwaye siya kukuphendula ngokukhawuleza.