Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni ukunyamezela iFomu kunye neSimo?
Unyamezelo lwejometri lubhekiselele kutshintsho oluvumelekileyo lwemilo eyiyo kunye nendawo eyiyo yenxalenye ukusuka kwimilo efanelekileyo kunye nendawo efanelekileyo.
Ukunyamezela kwejometri kubandakanya ukunyamezela imilo kunye nokunyamezela isikhundla. Nayiphi na inxalenye yenziwe ngamanqaku, imigca, kunye nemigangatho, kwaye la manqaku, imigca, kunye nemigangatho ibizwa ngokuba yi-elementi. Izinto ezizizo zamacandelo akhiwe ngoomatshini zihlala zineempazamo ngokumalunga nezinto ezifanelekileyo, kubandakanywa iimpazamo zokumila kunye neempazamo zokuma. Olu hlobo lwempazamo luchaphazela umsebenzi weemveliso zoomatshini, kwaye ukunyamezela okuhambelanayo kufuneka kucaciswe ngexesha loyilo kunye nokumakishwa kumzobo ngokweempawu eziqhelekileyo ezichaziweyo. Ngeminyaka yoo-1950, amazwe ahambele phambili kwezoshishino ayenemigangatho yokunyamezelana ngokwesimo nesikhundla. I-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) yapapasha umgangatho wokunyamezela kwejometri kwi-1969, kwaye yacebisa umgaqo wokufumanisa ukunyamezela kwejometri kunye nendlela kwi-1978. I-China yazisa imigangatho yokunyamezela imilo kunye nesikhundla kwi-1980, kubandakanywa nemimiselo yokuvavanya. Ukunyamezela imilo kunye nokunyamezela isikhundla kubhekiselwa kuko njengokunyamezela imilo ngokufutshane.
Amalungu acutshungulwayo awanakho ukunyamezelwa kwe-dimensional kuphela, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo anomahluko phakathi kweyona milo okanye indawo ehambelanayo yamanqaku, imigca kunye nemigangatho eyenza iimpawu zejometri zenxalenye kunye nokumila kunye nokuma okuhambelanayo okuchazwe yijometri efanelekileyo. Lo mahluko kwimilo ukunyamezelana kwemilo , kwaye umahluko kwisikhundla sokubambisana kukunyamezelana kwesikhundla, ngokuhlangeneyo okubizwa ngokuba kukunyamezela ifom kunye nesikhundla.
Xa sithetha "Ukunyamezelwa kweFomu kunye neSikhundla", bubuchwephesha bethiyori kunye nobuchwephesha obusebenzayo, ingaba wazi kangakanani ngayo? Kwimveliso, ukuba asiqondi kakuhle ukunyamezela kwejometri ephawulwe kumzobo, kuya kubangela ukuba uhlalutyo lokucubungula kunye neziphumo zokucubungula ziphambuke kwiimfuno, kwaye zide zizise imiphumo emibi.
Namhlanje, masiqonde ngokucwangcisiweyo imilo ye-14 kunye nokunyamezela isikhundla.
IiMpawu ezili-14 zoNyamezelo lweJiyometri eziManyeneyo kumazwe ngamazwe.
01 Ukuthe tye
Ukuthi tye, oku ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekiselwa kuko njengokuthi tye, kubonisa imeko yokuba eyona milo yeempawu zomgca othe tye kwinxalenye igcina umgca othe ngqo ofanelekileyo. Ukunyamezela okuthe tye kukuhluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe ngumgca wangempela ukuya kumgca ofanelekileyo.
Umzekelo 1: Kwinqwelo-moya enikeziweyo, indawo yokunyamezela kufuneka ibe yindawo phakathi kwemigca emibini ehambelanayo kunye nomgama we-0.1mm.
02 Ukucaba
I-Flatness, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-flatness, ibonisa ubume bokwenene bezinto zendiza zenxalenye, ukugcina imeko efanelekileyo yendiza. Ukunyamezela kwe-flatness kukuhluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe ngumgangatho wangempela ukusuka kwindiza efanelekileyo.
Umzekelo: Indawo yokunyamezela yindawo phakathi kweenqwelomoya ezimbini ezihambelanayo kumgama we-0.08mm.
03 Ubungqukuva
Ukungqukuva, okuqhele ukubizwa ngokuba yinqanaba lokungqukuva, kubonisa imeko yokuba eyona milo yophawu olusetyhula kwindawo ethile ihlala ilingana ukusuka kumbindi wayo. Ukunyamezela okujikelezayo kukuhluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe yisangqa sangempela kwisangqa esifanelekileyo kwicandelo elifanayo.
Umzekelo:Ummandla wokunyamezela kufuneka ube kwicandelo elifanayo eliqhelekileyo, indawo ephakathi kwezangqa ezimbini ezigxininisiweyo kunye nokwahlukana kwe-radius ye-0.03mm.
04 I-Cylindricity
I-Cylindricity ithetha ukuba indawo nganye kwi-contour ye-cylindrical surface kwi-party igcinwe ngokulinganayo kwi-axis yayo. Ukunyamezela kwe-cylindricity kukuhluka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe ngumgangatho wangempela we-cylindrical ukuya kwindawo efanelekileyo ye-cylindrical.
Umzekelo:Indawo yokunyamezelana yindawo ephakathi kweendawo ezimbini ze-coaxial cylindrical kunye nokwahlukana kwe-radius ye-0.1 mm.
05 iprofayile yomgca
Iprofayili yomgca yimeko yokuba igophe layo nayiphi na imilo igcina imilo yayo efanelekileyo kwindiza enikiweyo yenxenye. Ukunyamezela iprofayili yomgca kubhekiselele kuguquko oluvumelekileyo lomgca we-contour wangempela we-curve engeyiyo i-curve.
06 iprofayile yomphezulu
Iprofayile yomphezulu yimeko yokuba nayiphi na indawo kwindawo igcina imilo yayo efanelekileyo. Unyamezelo lwenkangeleko yomphezulu ibhekiselele kutshintsho oluvumelekileyo lowona mgca wecontour womphezulu ongengosetyhula kumphezulu weprofayile ofanelekileyo.
Umzekelo: Indawo yokunyamezela iphakathi kweemvulophu ezimbini ezigubungela uluhlu lweebhola ezinobubanzi be-0.02mm. Amaziko eebhola kufuneka abekwe phezu komphezulu wemilo yejometri echanekileyo.
07 Ukungqinelana
IParallelism, eqhele ukubizwa ngokuba yinqanaba lokuhambelana, ibonisa imeko yokuba ezona zinto zilinganisiweyo kwinxalenye zigcinwa ngokulinganayo ukusuka kwidatum. Unyamezelo lweParallelism ngowona mahluko uphezulu ovumelekileyo phakathi kolona lwalathiso lweyona nto ilinganisiweyo kunye nolona lwalathiso lufanelekileyo oluhambelana nedatum.
Umzekelo: Ukuba uphawu Φ longeziwe phambi kwexabiso lonyamezelo, indawo yokunyamezela ingaphakathi kwe-cylindrical surface kunye ne-reference parallel diameter ye-Φ0.03mm.
08 Ukuthe nkqo
I-Perpendicularity, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-degree of orthogonality phakathi kwezinto ezimbini, ithetha ukuba i-elementi elinganisiweyo kwinxalenye igcina i-angle eyi-90 echanekileyo ngokumalunga ne-reference element. Ukunyamezela i-Perpendicularity yintlukwano ephezulu evunyelweyo phakathi kolwalathiso lwangempela lwento elinganisiweyo kunye nolwalathiso olufanelekileyo lwe-perpendicular kwi-datum.
09 ithambeka
I-Slope yimeko echanekileyo yayo nayiphi na i-engile enikiweyo phakathi koqhelaniso lweempawu ezimbini kwinxenye. Unyamezelo lwethambeka lolona tshintsho luphezulu luvumelekileyo phakathi kokuqhelaniswa nokwenyani kophawu olulinganisiweyo kunye nolungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na i-engile enikiweyo kwidatum.
Umzekelo :Ummandla wokunyamezela we-axis elinganisiweyo yindawo ephakathi kweenqwelomoya ezimbini ezihambelanayo ezinexabiso lokunyamezela kwe-0.08mm kunye ne-angle yethiyori ye-60 ° kunye ne-datum plane A.
Izidanga ze-10 zendawo
Isidanga sesikhundla sibhekisa kwimeko echanekileyo yamanqaku, imigca, imiphezulu kunye nezinye izinto kwiinxalenye yokugaya i-cnc yesikongokunxulumene neendawo zabo ezifanelekileyo. Unyamezelo lwendawo lolona tshintsho luphezulu luvumelekileyo lwendawo eyiyo yesiqalelo esilinganisiweyo ngokunxulumene nendawo efanelekileyo.
Iidigri ezili-11 zecoaxial (eziphakathi).
I-Coaxiality, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-degree of coaxiality, ithetha ukuba i-axis elinganisiweyo kwinxalenye igcinwa kumgca othe tye ofanayo ngokumalunga ne-reference axis. Unyamezelo lwe-concentricity yiyantlukwano evumelekileyo ye-axis eyiyo elinganisiweyo ngokunxulumene ne-reference axis.
12 I-Symmetry
Iqondo le-symmetry lithetha ukuba izinto ezimbini ezilinganayo ezisembindini kwinxalenye zigcinwe kwindawo enye esembindini. Ukunyamezela i-symmetry yinani leenguqu ezivunyelwe yi-symmetry center plane (okanye umgca ophakathi, i-axis) yeyona nto eyona nto ifanelekileyo kwi-symmetry plane.
Umzekelo:Indawo yokunyamezelana yindawo ephakathi kweenqwelomoya ezimbini ezihambelanayo okanye imigca ethe tye enomgama we-0.08mm kwaye ilungiselelwe ngokulinganayo ngokubhekiselele kwinqwelomoya yeziko le-datum okanye umgca ophakathi.
13 ukubetha komjikelo
Ukuphuma kwesetyhula yimeko apho umphezulu we revolution kwi aiindawo ze-aluminium cncigcina indawo esisigxina xa kuthelekiswa nomgca wedatha ngaphakathi kwenqwelomoya yomlinganiselo ochaziweyo. Unyamezelo lwesetyhula lokubaleka kolona luguquko luphezulu oluvunyelweyo ngaphakathi koluhlu olulinganiselweyo lokulinganisa xa eyona nto ilinganisiweyo ijikeleza isangqa esipheleleyo kwi-axis yereferensi ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwe-axial.
Umzekelo: Indawo yokunyamezelana yindawo ephakathi kwezangqa ezibini ezigxininisiweyo ezithe ngqo kuyo nayiphi na inqwelomoya yokulinganisa, enomahluko weradiyasi eyi-0.1mm kwaye amaziko akhona akwi-axis yedatum efanayo.
Iibhithi ezili-14 ezipheleleyo
Ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kubhekiselele kumyinge wokubaleka kuwo wonke umhlaba olinganisiweyo xa iiindawo zentsimbi ezenziwe ngoomatshiniijikeleza ngokuqhubekayo kwi-axis yereferensi. Unyamezelo olupheleleyo lokubaleka lolona luhlu luphezulu lokubaleka oluvumelekileyo xa eyona elementi ilinganisiweyo ijikeleza ngokuqhubekayo kwi-axis yedatha ngelixa isalathisi sishukuma ngokunxulumene nekhokhowunti yaso efanelekileyo.
Umzekelo: Indawo yokunyamezela yindawo phakathi kweendawo ezimbini ze-cylindrical kunye nokwahlukana kwe-radius ye-0.1 mm kunye ne-coaxial kunye ne-datum.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-03-2023