Iphepha lixoxa ngemigaqo ye-extrusion ebandayo, igxininisa iimpawu, ukuhamba kwenkqubo, kunye neemfuno zokwenza iqokobhe le-aluminium alloy yokudibanisa. Ngokulungisa isakhiwo senxalenye kunye nokuseka iimfuno zolawulo lwesakhiwo sekristale yezinto ezikrwada, umgangatho wenkqubo ye-extrusion ebandayo unokwandiswa. Le ndlela ayiphuculi kuphela umgangatho wokwenza kodwa inciphisa izibonelelo zokulungisa kunye neendleko zizonke.
01 Intshayelelo
Inkqubo ye-extrusion ebandayo yindlela engasikwanga yokubumba isinyithi esebenzisa umgaqo wokuguqulwa kweplastiki. Kule nkqubo, uxinzelelo oluthile lusetyenziswa kwintsimbi ngaphakathi kwi-extrusion die cavity kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, livumela ukuba linyanzeliswe ngomngxuma wokufa okanye umsantsa phakathi kwe-convex kunye ne-concave iyafa. Oku kubangela ukubunjwa kwenxalenye efunekayo imilo.
Igama elithi "extrusion ebandayo" libandakanya uluhlu lweenkqubo zokubumba, kubandakanywa ukukhupha okubandayo ngokwayo, ukuphazamisa, ukunyathela, ukubethelwa kakuhle, ukubopha intamo, ukugqiba, kunye nokwelula okuncinci. Kwizicelo ezininzi, i-extrusion ebandayo isebenza njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokwenza, ehlala incediswa yinkqubo enye okanye ngaphezulu yokuncedisa ukuvelisa inxalenye egqityiweyo yomgangatho ophezulu.
I-Cold extrusion yindlela ephucukileyo ekusetyenzweni kweplastiki yentsimbi kwaye iya ithatha indawo yobuchule bemveli obufana nokuphosa, ukubumba, ukuzoba, kunye nokusika. Okwangoku, le nkqubo ingasetyenziswa kwiintsimbi ezifana nelothe, i-tin, i-aluminiyam, ubhedu, i-zinc kunye ne-alloys yazo, kunye ne-carbon steel ephantsi, i-carbon steel medium, insimbi yesixhobo, i-alloy iron ephantsi, kunye nensimbi engenasici. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1980s, inkqubo yokukhupha ebandayo isetyenziswe ngokusebenzayo ekwenzeni amaqokobhe e-aluminiyam alloy kwizihlanganisi ezijikelezayo kwaye ukusukela ngoko yaba bubuchule obusekwe kakuhle.
02 Imigaqo, iimpawu, kunye neenkqubo ebandayo extrusion inkqubo
2.1 Imigaqo ye-extrusion ebandayo
Umshicileli kunye nokufa ziyasebenzisana ukusebenzisa amandla kwisinyithi esonakeleyo, zenza imeko yoxinzelelo olunemigangatho emithathu kwindawo ephambili yoguqulo, eyenza ukuba isinyithi esonakeleyo sihambe ngeplastiki ngendlela emiselweyo.
Umphumo woxinzelelo lwe-dimensional-dimensional compressive lulandelayo.
I-1) Uxinzelelo olunemilinganiselo emithathu yoxinzelelo lunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo intshukumo ehambelanayo phakathi kweekristale, iphucula kakhulu ukuguqulwa kweplastiki yesinyithi.
2) Olu hlobo loxinzelelo lunokunceda ukwenza isinyithi esikhubazekileyo sixinene kwaye silungise ngokufanelekileyo ii-micro-cracks ezahlukeneyo kunye neziphene zesakhiwo.
I-3) Ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo lwesithathu-ntathu kunokuthintela ukubunjwa koxinzelelo loxinzelelo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe umonakalo obangelwa ukungcola ngaphakathi kwesinyithi.
I-4) Ukongeza, inokuchasana kakhulu noxinzelelo olongezelelweyo olubangelwa yi-deformation engalinganiyo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa umonakalo ovela kolu xinzelelo.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokukhupha i-extrusion ebandayo, isinyithi esonakele sihamba ngendlela ethile. Oku kubangela ukuba iinkozo ezinkulu zityunyuzwe, ngelixa iinkozo eziseleyo kunye nezixhobo ze-intergranular ziye zanda kwicala le-deformation. Ngenxa yoko, iinkozo zomntu ngamnye kunye nemida yeenkozo ziba nzima ukuhlula kwaye zibonakale njengemizila ye-fibrous, ebizwa ngokuba yi-fibrous structure. Ukubunjwa kwesi sakhiwo se-fibrous kwandisa ukuchasana kwe-deformation yetsimbi kwaye kunikeze iimpawu ze-directional mechanical kumacandelo abandayo.
Ukongeza, i-lattice orientation ecaleni kwendlela yokuhamba kwesinyithi isuka kwindawo engacwangciswanga ukuya kwimeko eyalelweyo, inyusa amandla ecandelo kwaye ikhokelela kwiipropathi zoomatshini be-anisotropic kwintsimbi egogekileyo. Kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuqulunqa, iindawo ezahlukeneyo zecandelo zifumana amaqondo ahlukeneyo oguquko. Olu tshintsho lubangela ukungafani kokuqina komsebenzi, okukhokelela ekuhlukeni okwahlukileyo kwiipropati zomatshini kunye nokusabalalisa ubunzima.
2.2 Iimpawu ze-extrusion ebandayo
Inkqubo ye-extrusion ebandayo inezi mpawu zilandelayo.
I-1) I-extrusion ebandayo yinkqubo yokubumba i-net-net enokuthi incede ukugcina izinto eziluhlaza.
I-2) Le ndlela isebenza kwiqondo lokushisa, ibonisa ixesha elifutshane lokucwangcisa iziqwenga ezingatshatanga, inika ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, kwaye kulula ukuzenzekelayo.
I-3) Iqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwemilinganiselo ephambili kunye nokugcina umgangatho ophezulu weendawo ezibalulekileyo.
I-4) Izinto eziphathekayo zetsimbi ephosakeleyo ziphuculwe ngomsebenzi obandayo wokuqina kunye nokudalwa kwe-fiber streamlines epheleleyo.
2.3 Ukuhamba kwenkqubo ye-extrusion ebandayo
Izixhobo eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa inkqubo yokukhupha i-extrusion ebandayo ziquka umatshini obandayo wokwenza i-extrusion-forming, i-forming die, kunye nesithando somlilo sokushisa. Ezona nkqubo ziphambili kukwenza okungenanto kunye nokwenza.
(1) Ukwenza into engenanto:Ibha ibunjwe ibe yinto engenanto efunekayo ngokusarha, ukucaphukisa, kunyeisitampu sentsimbi, kwaye emva koko i-annealed ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kwe-extrusion ebandayo elandelayo.
(2) Ukubumba:I-alluminiyamu evaliweyo engenanto ibekwe kwindawo yokungunda. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo esidityanisiweyo sokushicilela kunye nokubumba, i-aluminium alloy blank ingena kwisimo sokuvelisa kwaye ihamba kakuhle ngaphakathi kwendawo echongiweyo ye-mold cavity, ivumela ukuba ithathe isimo esifunwayo. Nangona kunjalo, amandla enxalenye eyenziweyo ayinakufikelela kumanqanaba afanelekileyo. Ukuba amandla aphezulu afunekayo, unyango olongezelelweyo, olufana nesisombululo esiluqilima sonyango lokufudumala kunye nokuguga (ingakumbi kwii-alloys ezinokomelezwa ngonyango lobushushu), ziyimfuneko.
Xa umisela indlela yokuqulunqa kunye nenani lokupasa kokwenza, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ubunzima becandelo kunye nemigangatho emiselweyo yokucubungula okongeziweyo. Inkqubo yokuhamba kweplagi ye-J599 yeplagi kunye neqokobhe lesokethi ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo: ukusika → ukujika rhabaxa kumacala omabini → ukuqhotyoshwa → ukuthambisa → i-extrusion → ukucima → ukujika nokungqusha → ukususa. Umzobo we-1 ubonisa ukuhamba kwenkqubo yegobolondo nge-flange, ngelixa uMzobo 2 ubonisa ukuhamba kwenkqubo yegobolondo ngaphandle kweflange.
03 Iziganeko eziqhelekileyo ekwenziweni kwe-extrusion ebandayo
(1) Ukuqina komsebenzi yinkqubo apho amandla kunye nobunzima bentsimbi ekhubazekileyo inyuka ngelixa iplastiki yayo iyancipha nje ukuba ukuguqulwa kwenzeka ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa lokuphinda lihlaziye. Oku kuthetha ukuba njengoko inqanaba le-deformation likhuphuka, isinyithi siba namandla kwaye sinzima kodwa sincinci. Ukuqina komsebenzi yindlela esebenzayo yokomeleza iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-rust-proof aluminium alloys kunye ne-austenitic stainless steel.
(2) I-Thermal Effect: Kwinkqubo yokwenza i-extrusion ebandayo, uninzi lwamandla asetyenziselwa umsebenzi wokuguqula aguqulwa abe bubushushu. Kwiindawo ezine-deformation ebalulekileyo, amaqondo okushisa angafikelela phakathi kwe-200 kunye ne-300 ° C, ngokukodwa ngexesha lokuvelisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqhubekayo, apho ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kubonakala ngakumbi. Ezi ziphumo ze-thermal zichaphazela kakhulu ukuhamba kwazo zombini izithambiso kunye neentsimbi ezinokukhubazeka.
(3) Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza i-extrusion ebandayo, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zoxinzelelo kwintsimbi ephosakeleyo: uxinzelelo olusisiseko kunye noxinzelelo olongezelelweyo.
04 Iimfuno zenkqubo ye-extrusion ebandayo
Ngenxa yemiba ekhoyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-extrusion ebandayo ye-6061 i-aluminium alloy alloy shells, iimfuno ezithile zisekiwe malunga nokwakhiwa kwayo, izinto eziluhlaza, kunye nezinye.inkqubo latheiipropati.
4.1 Iimfuno zobubanzi bomjelo osikwe ngasemva wendlela yesitshixo yomngxuma ongaphakathi.
Ububanzi be-groove ye-back-cut groove kwi-key hole yangaphakathi kufuneka ibe ubuncinane ubuncinane be-2.5 mm. Ukuba imiqobo yolwakhiwo iyanciphisa obu bubanzi, ubuncinane bobubanzi obamkelekileyo kufuneka bube bukhulu kune-2 mm. Umzobo wesi-3 ubonisa uthelekiso lomsele wokusikwa ngasemva kwindlela engundoqo yomngxuma weqokobhe ngaphambi nasemva kokuphuculwa. Umzobo we-4 ubonisa ukuthelekiswa kwe-groove ngaphambi nangemva kokuphucula, ngokukodwa xa kunqunyelwe ngokuqwalaselwa kwesakhiwo.
4.2 Ubude beqhosha elinye kunye neemfuno zokumila kumngxuma ongaphakathi
Faka i-back cutter groove okanye i-chamfer kumngxuma ongaphakathi weqokobhe. Umzobo we-5 ubonisa ukuthelekiswa komngxuma wangaphakathi wegobolondo ngaphambi nangemva kokongezwa kwe-groove ye-back cutter groove, ngelixa uMzobo we-6 ubonisa ukuthelekiswa komngxuma wangaphakathi wegobolondo ngaphambi nangemva kokuba i-chamfer yongezwe.
4.3 Iimfuno ezisezantsi zomngxuma ongaphakathi ongaboniyo
I-Chamfers okanye i-back-cuts yongezwa kwi-grooves engaboniyo yangaphakathi. Umzobo wesi-7 ubonisa uthelekiso lweqokobhe elinguxande lomngxuma ongaphakathi ongaboniyo phambi nasemva kokuba i-chamfer yongezwe.
4.4 Iimfuno zomzantsi wesitshixo se-cylindrical sangaphandle
I-groove yokukhulula ifakwe kwi-bottom ye-cylindrical key yangaphandle yendlu. Ukuthelekisa ngaphambi nangemva kokongezwa kwe-groove yokunceda kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 8.
4.5 Iimfuno zempahla ekrwada
Ubume bekristale bezinto ezikrwada buchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho womphezulu ophunyeziweyo emva kokubanda kubanda. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imigangatho yomgangatho womphezulu iyafezekiswa, kubalulekile ukuseka iimfuno zolawulo lwesakhiwo sekristale semathiriyeli ekrwada. Ngokukodwa, umlinganiselo ophezulu ovumelekileyo we-crystal coarse rings kwelinye icala lezinto eziluhlaza kufuneka ube ≤ 1 mm.
4.6 Iimfuno zomlinganiselo wobunzulu-nobubanzi bomngxuma
Ubungakanani bobunzulu-nobubanzi bomngxuma bufuneka ukuba ube ≤3.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-03-2024