Ukungeniswa okufanelekileyo kunye nolwazi olufunyenweyo lwemigangatho yentambo

Wazi kangakanani malunga nemisonto eyenziwe ngoomatshini?

Kwindawo yokwenza, "imisonto" ibhekisa kwimiqolo ye-helical kunye neentlambo kumphezulu we-cylindrical part, eyenza ukuba idityaniswe nenye indawo okanye isetyenziswe ukuhambisa intshukumo okanye amandla. Iinkcazo kunye nemigangatho yemisonto eyenziwe ngoomatshini ihlala ikhethekileyo kwishishini kunye nokusetyenziswa okubuzwayo.EUnited States, iintambo zoomatshini zichazwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngemigangatho ebekwe yimibutho efana ne-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) kunye ne-American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (ASME). Le migangatho ichaza iiprofayili zentambo, i-pitch, iiklasi zokunyamezela, kunye nezinye iiparamitha kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zemisonto.

Omnye wemigangatho eyaziwayo kakhulu kwimicu esetyenzisiweyo yi-Uniified Thread Standard (UTS), esetyenziselwa i-inch-based threads. I-UTS ichaza uluhlu lwemisonto eyahlukeneyo, efana ne-Uniified Coarse (UNC) kunye neFine eManyeneyo (UNF), kwaye ibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezicacileyo zobungakanani bemisonto, ukunyamezelana, kunye nokutyunjwa. isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Lo mgangatho ubandakanya iiprofayili zomsonto we-metric, i-pitch pitch, iiklasi zokunyamezelana, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezinxulumeneyo.Kubalulekile ukubhekisa kwimigangatho ethile kunye neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo kushishino kunye nesicelo osebenza ngaso ukuqinisekisa uyilo olululo kunye nokuveliswa kweentambo zomatshini.

Yonke imihla, amagcisa asebenza ngoomatshini adibana nezinto ezixutyiweyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba neenkcukacha zabo-ingaba yi-metric okanye i-imperial, iqondile okanye i-tapered, itywinwe okanye ingavalwanga, yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle, kunye neprofayili ye-55-degree okanye i-60-degree-ezi zixhobo zihlala zonakaliswa kwaye zinikezelwa ngokungenakusebenziseka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kubalulekile ukuwahlola ngocoselelo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Namhlanje, iqela le-Anebon liza kuqulunqa isishwankathelo ngethemba lokuba kuya kunceda wonke umntu.

1. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo

NPTkusetyenziswa ngokubanzi intambo yombhobho we-American tapered ene-engile yeprofayili engama-60 °.

PTintambo yintambo yobukhosi ene-engile ye-55 °, esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukutywinwa. Imisonto yemibhobho yaseBritani iveza imisonto emihle. Ngenxa yobunzulu bomsonto wemisonto erhabaxa, kunciphisa kakhulu amandla ombhobho ongaphandle osikiweyo.

PFUmsonto ngumsonto onxuseneyo wemibhobho.

Gyi-55-degree-non-threaded intambo yombhobho wokutywina, eyeyentsapho yaseWhitworth. Ukumakishwa kwe-G kubonisa intambo ye-cylindrical, kunye ne-G ibe ligama eliqhelekileyo lentambo yombhobho (i-Guan), kunye nokwahlukana phakathi kwe-55 degrees kunye ne-60 degrees iyasebenza.

ZGiqhele ukubizwa ngokuba yicone yombhobho, nto leyo ethetha ukuba intambo icutshungulwa ukusuka kumphezulu weconical. Izidibanisi zemibhobho yamanzi ngokubanzi zenziwe ngolu hlobo. Umgangatho wesizwe omdala uphawulwe Rc.Pitch isetyenziselwa ukuvakalisa imisonto yemetric, ngelixa inani lemisonto nge-intshi nganye lisetyenziselwa imisonto yaseMelika neyaseBritane. Lo ngumahluko wabo ophambili. Iintambo zeMetric zineprofayili ye-60-degree equilateral, iintambo zaseBritani zineprofayili ye-isosceles ye-55-degree, kunye ne-American threads ine-60-degree profile.

Imisonto yeMetricsebenzisa iiyunithi zemetric, ngelixa imisonto yaseMelika neyaseBritane isebenzisa iiyunithi zobukhosi.

Imisonto yombhobhozisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukudibanisa imibhobho. Imicu yangaphakathi nangaphandle ihambelana ngokusondeleyo, kwaye kukho iindidi ezimbini: iipayipi ezichanekileyo kunye nemibhobho edibeneyo. Umthamo oqingqiweyo ubhekisela kububanzi bombhobho odibeneyo. Ngokucacileyo, ubukhulu obukhulu bomsonto bukhulu kunomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo.

Umda wesicelo uyagubungelaiindawo zoomatshini ze-cnc, cnc ukuguqula iindawo kunyeiindawo zokugaya ze-cnc.

I-1/4, 1/2, kunye ne-1/8 imele i-diameter ye-intshi yemitha kwii-intshi.

2. Imigangatho yelizwe eyahlukileyo

1. Umsonto wenkqubo ye-intshi edibeneyo

Olu hlobo lwentambo luqhele ukusetyenziswa kumazwe asebenzisa inkqubo ye-intshi kwaye luhlelwe ngokwezintlu ezintathu: uthotho lwentambo erhabaxa UNC, uthotho lwemisonto ecolekileyo UNF, uthotho lwemisonto ecolekileyo eyongezelelweyo UNFF, kunye ne-fixed pitch series UN.
Indlela yokumakisha:Idayamitha yomsonto-inani lemisonto nge-intshi nganye ikhowudi yothotho-ibakala lokuchaneka.

Umzekelo:Uthotho lwemisonto erhabaxa 3/8—16UNC—2A; Uthotho lwemisonto emihle 3/8—24UNF—2A; Uthotho lwemisonto ecolekileyo eyongezelelweyo 3/8—32UNFF—2A;

Fixed pitch series 3/8—20UN—2A.Idijithi yokuqala 3/8 ichaza i-diameter yangaphandle yomsonto ngee-intshi. Ukuguqula kwiyunithi ye-metric mm, phindaphinda ngo-25.4, olingana no-9.525mm; idijithi yesibini neyesithathu 16, 24, 32, and 20 imele inani lamazinyo nge-intshi nganye (inani lamazinyo kubude obuyi-25.4mm); iikhowudi zombhalo emva kwedijithi yesithathu, UNC, UNF, UNFF, UN, ziikhowudi zothotho, kunye nedijithi ezimbini zokugqibela, 2A, zibonisa inqanaba lokuchaneka.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-2.55 ° intambo yombhobho we-cylindrical
Umsonto we-55 ° we-cylindrical pipe wavela kuthotho lwe-intshi kodwa usetyenziswa kakhulu kuwo omabini amazwe e-metric kunye nee-intshi. Isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa imibhobho yokudibanisa, ukuthutha ulwelo kunye neegesi, kunye nokufaka iingcingo. Nangona kunjalo, amazwe ahlukeneyo aneekhowudi ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuguqula iikhowudi zangaphandle kwiikhowudi zaseTshayina usebenzisa itafile (itafile yokuthelekisa) enikeziweyo. I-55 ° iikhowudi zentambo yombhobho we-cylindrical kumazwe ahlukeneyo ngoku zinikezelwe kwitheyibhile engezantsi.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-3.55 ° intambo yombhobho we tapered
I-55 ° intambo yombhobho we-tapered ithetha ukuba i-angle yeprofayili yentambo yi-55 ° kwaye intambo ine-taper ye-1:16. Olu luhlu lwemisonto lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi, kwaye amagama ekhowudi yawo ayahluka kumazwe ngamazwe.

4.Ukuguqulwa kwe-60 ° intambo yombhobho odibeneyo

I-60 ° intambo yombhobho ye-tapered ibhekisela kwintambo yombhobho ene-profile angle ye-60 ° kunye ne-taper ye-1:16. Olu luhlu lwemisonto lusetyenziswa kwilizwe lam ishishini lezixhobo zoomatshini kunye ne-United States kunye ne-Soviet Union yangaphambili. Igama layo lekhowudi, i-China idla ngokuyichaza njenge-K, kamva yayichaza njenge-Z, kwaye ngoku itshintshelwe kwi-NPT. Jonga ikhowudi yokuthelekisa itheyibhile engezantsi.

5.55 ° Ukuguqulwa kweTrapezoidal Thread
Intambo ye-trapezoidal ibhekisela kwintambo ye-trapezoidal ye-metric ene-angle yeprofayili ye-30 °. Olu luhlu lwemisonto lufana ngokufanayo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye iikhowudi zabo nazo ziyahambelana. Iikhowudi zemisonto zibonisiwe kwitheyibhile engezantsi.

3. Ukuhlelwa kwemisonto

Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwemisonto, zinokwahlulwa zibe:

1. Inkqubo yeMetric Thread System

Umsonto owamkelwe ngumgangatho welizwe lam we-CNS. Umphezulu wezinyo ulula kwaye kulula ukujika, ngelixa i-bottom of the tooth is arc-shaped ukunyusa amandla omsonto. I-angle yentambo ngama-degrees angama-60, kwaye inkcazo ibonakaliswe kwi-M. Imicu ye-Metric inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: intambo erhabaxa kunye nentambo entle. Umelo lufana ne-M8x1.25. (M: ikhowudi, 8: idiameter yegama, 1.25: pitch).

2. Umsonto oMgangatho waseMelika

Umphezulu kunye neengcambu zomsonto zombini zisicaba kwaye zinamandla angcono. I-angle yentambo iphinde ibe ngama-degrees angama-60, kwaye inkcazo ibonakaliswe kwimicu nge-intshi nganye. Olu hlobo lwentambo lunokwahlulwa lube ngamanqanaba amathathu: intambo erhabaxa (NC); umsonto ocolekileyo (NF); umsonto owongezelelweyo (NEF). Umelo lufana ne-1/2-10NC. (1/2: idayamitha yangaphandle; 10: inani lamazinyo nge-intshi nganye; ikhowudi yeNC).

3. Umsonto osemgangathweni odibeneyo (UnifiedThread)

Idityaniswe ngokudibeneyo yi-United States, i-United Kingdom, kunye neKhanada, ngumsonto osetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo waseBritani.
I-angle yentambo iphinde ibe ngama-degrees angama-60, kwaye inkcazo ibonakaliswe kwimicu nge-intshi nganye. Olu hlobo lomsonto lungohlulwa lube yintambo erhabaxa (UNC); umsonto ocolekileyo (UNF); umsonto owongezelelweyo (UNEF). Umelo lufana ne-1/2-10UNC. (1/2: idayamitha yangaphandle; 10: inani lamazinyo nge-intshi nganye; ikhowudi ye-UNC).

4.V-shaped thread (Sharp VThread)

Umphezulu kunye neengcambu zombini zichongiwe, zibuthathaka ngamandla, kwaye azisetyenziswanga ngokuqhelekileyo. I-angle yentambo yi-60 degrees.

5. I-Whitworth Thread

Olu hlobo lomsonto luchazwe nguMgangatho weSizwe waseBritane. Ibonisa i-angle yentambo ye-55 degrees kwaye ifanekiselwa ngu "W". Ngokuyintloko yenzelwe iinkqubo zokuvelisa, idla ngokubonakaliswa njenge-W1 / 2-10 (1/2: i-diameter yangaphandle; 10: inani lamazinyo nge-intshi nganye; W ikhowudi).

6. Umsonto oRound (Knuckle Thread)
Olu hlobo lomsonto oluqhelekileyo, olusekwe yi-DIN yaseJamani, lufaneleke kakhulu ukudibanisa ii-bulbs zokukhanya kunye ne-rubber tubes. Ibonakaliswa sisimboli "Rd".

7. Umsonto wePipe (PipeThread)
Yenzelwe ukuthintela ukuvuza, le misonto iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukudibanisa igesi okanye imibhobho yolwelo. Nge-angle yentambo yee-degrees ze-55, zinokuthi zihlulwe ngakumbi zibe yimicu yepayipi echanekileyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "PS, NPS", kunye neentambo zombhobho odibeneyo, owaziwa ngokuba yi "NPT". I taper yi 1:16, ilingana ne 3/4 intshi ngenyawo.

8. Intambo yesikwere
Ibonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kosasazo oluphezulu, okwesibini kuphela kumsonto webhola, olu hlobo lomsonto luhlala lusetyenziselwa izikrufu ze-vise kunye nemisonto yecrane. Nangona kunjalo, umda wayo ulele ekungakwazini ukulungiswa kunye ne-nut emva kokugqoka.

9. Umsonto weTrapezoidal
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yintambo ye-Acme, olu hlobo lubonelela ngokusebenza okusezantsi kancinci kunomsonto wesikwere. Nangona kunjalo, inenzuzo yokulungiswa kunye ne-nut emva kokugqoka. Kwi-metric system, i-angle yentambo i-degrees ezingama-30, ngelixa kwinkqubo yobukhosi, i-29 degrees. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa izikhonkwane ezikhokelayo ze-lathes, imele isimboli "Tr".

10.Intambo yeZigzag (ButtressThread)

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-rhombic thread, ifanelekile kuphela ukuhanjiswa kwendlela enye. Ezinje ngeejikhi ezijijwayo, izicinezeli, njl. njl. Isimboli ngu “Bu”.

11. Umsonto webhola

Ingumsonto ngowona msebenzi ubalaseleyo wothumelo. Kunzima ukwenza kwaye kubiza kakhulu. Isetyenziswa kumatshini ochanekileyo. Njengesikrufu esikhokelayo sezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC kunyeiinxalenye zomatshini womzekelo.

Ukumelwa kweebholiti ze-intshi
LH 2N 5/8 × 3 – 13UNC-2A
(1) I-LH ingumsonto wekhohlo (i-RH ingumsonto ochanekileyo kwaye inokushiywa).
(2) 2N intambo kabini.
(3) 5/8 intshi intambo, ngaphandle ububanzi 5/8”.
(4) 3 bolt ubude 3”.
(5) Imisonto eli-13 inemisonto eli-13 nge-intshi nganye.
(6) UNC edityanisiweyo intambo erhabaxa esemgangathweni.
(7) Inqanaba lesi-2 lifanelekile, intambo yangaphandle (3: i-tight fit; 2: i-medium fit; 1: i-loose fit) A: Intambo yangaphandle (inokukhutshwa), B: Intambo yangaphakathi.

Umsonto wobukhosi
Ubungakanani bemisonto yobukhosi budla ngokubonakaliswa ngenani leentambo nge-intshi nganye yobude kumsonto, ekubhekiselwa kuwo “njengenani lemisonto nge-intshi nganye”, elilingana ncakasana nokuphindaphindana kwepitch yentambo. Umzekelo, intambo enemisonto esi-8 nge-intshi nganye ine-pitch ye-1/8 intshi.

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