Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuguqulwa kwamacandelo e-aluminium, ehambelana nezinto eziphathekayo, ukumila kwenxalenye, kunye neemeko zemveliso. Kukho ubukhulu becala le miba ilandelayo: i-deformation ebangelwa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-blank, i-deformation ebangelwa amandla okusika kunye nokusika ukushisa, kunye ne-deformation ebangelwa yi-clamping force.
【1】Imilinganiselo yenkqubo yokunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo
1. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olungenanto
Ukuguga kwendalo okanye okwenziweyo kunye nonyango lokungcangcazela kunokuphelisa ngokuyinxenye uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olungenanto. Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kuyindlela esebenzayo yenkqubo. Kwi-blank enentloko enamafutha kunye neendlebe ezinkulu, ngenxa yesibonelelo esikhulu, i-deformation emva kokucubungula nayo inkulu. Ukuba inxalenye engaphezulu yesithuba esingenanto iqhutywe kwangaphambili kwaye isibonelelo secandelo ngalinye sincitshisiwe, asikwazi ukunciphisa kuphela ukuguqulwa kokulungiswa kwenkqubo elandelayo, kodwa kwakhona ukukhulula inxalenye yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi emva kokulungiswa kwangaphambili kwexesha elithile. ixesha.
2. Ukuphucula ukukwazi ukusika isixhobo
Izinto eziphathekayo kunye neeparitha zejometri zesixhobo zinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumandla okusika kunye nokusika ukushisa. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwesixhobo lubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa komatshini wenxalenye.
(1) Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwesixhobo seeparamitha zejometri.
① I-angle yeRake: Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokugcina amandla e-blade, i-angle yerake ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuba ibe nkulu, kwelinye icala, inokugaya i-edge ebukhali, kwaye kwelinye icala, inokunciphisa i-deformation yokusika. ukususwa kwetshiphu kugudileyo, kwaye emva koko unciphise amandla okusika kunye nobushushu bokusika. Ungaze usebenzise izixhobo ezine-engile engalunganga yehariki.
②I-angle yokukhulula: Ubungakanani be-angle yokukhulula bunefuthe elithe ngqo ekugqokeni kwe-flank kunye nomgangatho womgangatho owenziwe ngomatshini. Ubunzima bokusika yimeko ebalulekileyo yokukhetha i-angle yokucoca. Ngexesha lokugaya, ngenxa yesantya esikhulu sokutya, umthwalo onzima wokusika, kunye nesizukulwana esikhulu sokushisa, isixhobo sidinga iimeko ezilungileyo zokulahla ubushushu. Ngoko ke, i-angle yokucoca kufuneka ikhethwe ibe yincinci. Xa ukugaya okulungileyo, umgca wokusika kufuneka ube bukhali, ukungqubuzana phakathi kobuso be-flank kunye nomgangatho owenziwe ngomatshini kuncitshiswe, kwaye i-elastic deformation iyancitshiswa. Ngoko ke, i-angle yokucoca kufuneka ibe nkulu.
③ I-angle ye-Helix: Ukuze wenze ukugaya kube lula kunye nokunciphisa amandla okugaya, i-angle ye-helix kufuneka ibe nkulu ngokusemandleni.
④I-angle yokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo: Ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo i-angle yokunciphisa i-angle kunokuphucula iimeko zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kunye nokunciphisa ubushushu obuphakathi kwendawo yokucubungula.
(2) Ukuphucula isakhiwo sesixhobo.
① Nciphisa inani lamazinyo esixhobo sokusika kwaye wandise indawo yetshiphu. Ngenxa yeplastiki enkulu yezinto ze-aluminium kunye ne-deformation enkulu yokusika ngexesha lokucubungula, indawo enkulu ye-chip iyafuneka, ngoko ke i-radius ephantsi ye-chip groove kufuneka ibe nkulu kwaye inani lamazinyo okugaya kufuneka libe lincinci.
② Gxila kakuhle amazinyo. Ixabiso loburhabaxa bomgca wokusika wamazinyo amazinyo kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-Ra = 0.4um. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imela entsha, kufuneka usebenzise ilitye elicikizekileyo le-oyile ukulola kancinane ngaphambili nangasemva kwamazinyo emela kancinane ukuphelisa i-burrs kunye ne-serration encinci eshiyekileyo xa ulola amazinyo. Ngaloo ndlela, kungekhona nje kuphela ukusika ukushisa kuya kuncitshiswa, kodwa kunye ne-deformation yokusika incinci.
③ Lawula ngokungqongqo umgangatho wokunxiba wesixhobo. Emva kokuba isixhobo sigqitywe, ixabiso le-roughness ye-workpiece liyanda, ukushisa kweqondo lokushisa kuyenyuka, kwaye i-workpiece deformation iyanda. Ngoko ke, ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza kunye nokuchasana kakuhle, umgangatho wokugqoka isixhobo akufanele ube mkhulu kune-0.2mm, ngaphandle koko kulula ukuvelisa i-edge eyakhelwe-up. Xa usika, ubushushu besixhobo sokusebenza kufuneka bungagqithi kwi-100 ℃ ukuthintela ukonakala.
3. Phucula indlela yokubamba ye-workpiece
Kwizixhobo zokusebenza ze-aluminiyam ezinodonga olucekethekileyo ezinokuqina okubuthathaka, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokubambelela zingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukonakala:
①Amalungu abhityileyo anodonga olucekethekileyo, ukuba i-chuck enemihlathi emithathu ehlala ngaphakathi okanye i-spring chuck isetyenziselwa ukugoba iradial, yakube ikhutshiwe emva kokucocwa, i-workpiece iyakonakala. Ngeli xesha, indlela yokucinezela ubuso be-axial ekupheleni kobunzima obungcono kufuneka isetyenziswe. Misa umngxuma wangaphakathi wenxalenye, yenza i-mandrel ene-threaded, uyifake kumngxuma ongaphakathi wenxalenye, cinezela isiphelo sobuso kunye nepleyiti yokugubungela kuyo, uze uyiqinise nge nut. Xa usenza isangqa sangaphandle, i-clamping deformation inokuthintelwa, ukuze ufumane ukuchaneka okwanelisayo komatshini.
② Xa kusetyenzwa ngodonga olubhityileyo kunye necwecwe elicwecwe, kungcono ukusebenzisa iikomityi zokufunxa ivacuum ukufumana amandla okubamba asasazwe ngokulinganayo, kwaye emva koko usebenze ngexabiso elincinci lokusika, elinokuthi lithintele ukonakala kwesixhobo sokusebenza.
Ukongeza, indlela yokupakisha nayo ingasetyenziswa. Ukuze kwandiswe ukuqina kwenkqubo yee-workpieces ezinodonga olucekethekileyo, i-medium ingazaliswa ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza ukuze kuncitshiswe i-deformation ye-workpiece ngexesha lokudibanisa kunye nokusika. Ngokomzekelo, i-urea enyibilikayo equkethe i-3% ukuya kwi-6% ye-nitrate ye-potassium igalelwa kwi-workpiece. Emva kokucutshungulwa, i-workpiece inokucwiliswa emanzini okanye utywala, kwaye i-filler inokuchithwa kwaye ithululwe.
4. Ulungiselelo olufanelekileyo lweenkqubo
Ngexeshaukusika ngesantya esiphezulu, ngenxa yesibonelelo esikhulu somatshini kunye nokusikwa okuphazamisekileyo, inkqubo yokugaya isoloko ivelisa ukungcangcazela, okuchaphazela ukuchaneka komatshini kunye noburhabaxa bomhlaba. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokusika isantya esiphezulu se-CNC ingahlulwa ngokubanzi ibe: i-roughing-semi-finishing-corner-clearing-finishing kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Kwiindawo ezineemfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukugqiba isiqingatha sesibini kunye nokugqiba. Emva komatshini orhabaxa, amalungu anokupholiswa ngokwemvelo, aphelise uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangelwa kukusebenza ngokurhabaxa kunye nokunciphisa ukonakala. Isibonelelo esishiywe emva komatshini olukhuni kufuneka sibe sikhulu kunokuguqulwa, ngokubanzi kwi-1 ukuya kwi-2 mm. Ngexesha lokugqiba, indawo yokugqiba yamacandelo kufuneka igcine isibonelelo somatshini ofanayo, ngokubanzi i-0.2 ~ 0.5mm, ukwenzela ukuba isixhobo sikwimeko ezinzileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yomatshini, enokunciphisa kakhulu ukusika ukuchithwa, ukufumana umgangatho womatshini womhlaba omhle, kunye ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kweMveliso.
【2】 izakhono zokusebenza ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kokulungiswa
Ukongeza kwezi zizathu zingasentla, iindawo ze-aluminium zikhubazekile ngexesha lokucubungula. Kumsebenzi wokwenene, indlela yokusebenza nayo ibaluleke kakhulu.
1. Kwiingxenye ezinesibonelelo esikhulu somatshini, ukwenzela ukuba zibe neemeko ezingcono zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ngexesha lenkqubo ye-machining kwaye ugweme ukugxilwa kobushushu, umatshini we-symmetrical kufuneka wamkelwe ngexesha lokucoca. Ukuba ishidi le-90mm elinzima lifuna ukucutshungulwa kwi-60mm, ukuba elinye icala ligayiwe kwaye elinye icala lihlanjululwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ubungakanani bokugqibela bucutshungulwa ngexesha elinye, ukunyanzeliswa kuya kufikelela kwi-5mm; ukuba icutshungulwa ngokulinganayo ngokutya okuphindaphindiweyo, icala ngalinye licutshungulwa kabini ukuya kwi-Dimension yokugqibela inokuqinisekisa ukucaca kwe-0.3mm.
2. Ukuba kukho i-cavities ezininzi kwiindawo zeplate, akufanelekanga ukusebenzisa indlela yokulandelelana ngokulandelelana kwendawo enye kunye ne-cavity enye ngexesha lokucubungula, okuya kubangela lula ukuba iindawo zikhubazeke ngenxa yoxinzelelo olungalinganiyo. I-multi-layer processing iyamkelwa, kwaye uluhlu ngalunye luqhutyelwa kuyo yonke imingxuma ngexesha elifanayo, kwaye emva koko uluhlu olulandelayo lucutshungulwa ukwenza iinxalenye zigxininiswe ngokulinganayo kunye nokunciphisa i-deformation.
3. Ukunciphisa amandla okusika kunye nokusika ukushisa ngokutshintsha inani lokusika. Phakathi kwezinto ezintathu zexabiso lokusika, inani le-back-enagement linempembelelo enkulu kumandla okusika. Ukuba isibonelelo somatshini sikhulu kakhulu, amandla okusika ipasi enye likhulu kakhulu, elingayi kuphazamisa kuphela iindawo, kodwa lichaphazela ukuqina kwesixhobo sokuphotha somatshini kunye nokunciphisa ukuqina kwesixhobo. Ukuba inani leemela eziza kudliwa ngasemva lincitshisiwe, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukugaya ngesantya esiphezulu kusetyenziswa kwi-CNC machining, enokoyisa le ngxaki. Ngelixa ukunciphisa inani lokusika umva, nje ukuba ukondla kunyuswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye isantya sesixhobo somatshini sandiswa, amandla okusika angancitshiswa kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kunokuqinisekiswa ngexesha elifanayo.
4. Umyalelo wokuhamba kwemela nawo kufuneka unikwe ingqwalasela. Umatshini orhabaxa ugxininisa ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini kunye nokulandela izinga lokususa ngexesha leyunithi nganye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-up-cut-cut milling ingasetyenziswa. Okokuthi, izinto ezingaphezulu kwendawo engenanto zisuswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nexesha elifutshane, kwaye i-contour yejometri efunekayo yokugqiba yenziwe ngokusisiseko. Ngelixa ukugqiba kugxininisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ukugaya. Ngenxa yokuba ukusika kwamazinyo okusika kuyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuya kwi-zero ngexesha lokugaya, iqondo lomsebenzi wokuqina liyancipha kakhulu, kwaye iqondo lokuguqulwa kwenxalenye nalo liyancitshiswa.
5. Izixhobo zokusebenza ezinodonga olubhityileyo zigqwethekile ngenxa yokucinezelwa ngexesha lokusetyenzwa, kwaye nokugqiba akunakuphepheka. Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-deformation ye-workpiece ibe yincinci, unokukhulula isiqwenga esicinezelayo ngaphambi kokugqiba ubungakanani bokugqibela, ukwenzela ukuba i-workpiece ibuyele ngokukhululekileyo kwimeko yayo yangaphambili, kwaye uyicinezele kancinane, nje ukuba i-workpiece ingaba. ibambekile (ngokupheleleyo). Ngokutsho kokuvakalelwa kwesandla), umphumo ofanelekileyo wokucubungula unokufumaneka ngale ndlela. Ngelizwi, indawo yesenzo samandla okudibanisa ikhethwa kwindawo exhasayo, kwaye i-clamping force kufuneka isetyenziswe kwicala lokuqina okulungileyo kwendawo yokusebenza. Kwisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuba i-workpiece ayikhululekile, encinci i-clamping force, ingcono.
6. Xa usenza iindawo ezinomgodi, zama ukuba umsiki wokusila angatshoni ngqo kwindawo efana ne-drill xa ucutha umngxuma, nto leyo ebangela ukuba indawo yokusila ingonelanga ukuze ikwazi ukumelana neechips kunye nokususwa kwetshiphu engalunganga, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufudumaleni, ukwanda. kunye nokuwa kwamalungu. Iimela, iimela ezaphukileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezingathandekiyo. Qala ugrumbe umngxuma nge-drill elingana neyokusika okanye isayizi enye enkulu, uze uyisile ngeumsiki wokugaya. Kungenjalo, isoftware yeCAM ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iinkqubo ze-helical rundown.
Into ephambili echaphazela ukuchaneka komatshini kunye nomgangatho womhlaba weengxenye ze-aluminium kukuba iindawo ezinjalo zixhomekeke kwi-deformation ngexesha lenkqubo ye-machining, efuna ukuba umqhubi abe namava athile okusebenza kunye nezakhono.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-07-2022