Indlela yokuphucula umgangatho wokulungiswa kwensimbi engenasici

Xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho ophezulu we-carbon structural steel, izinto zensimbi ezingenasici zongezwa kunye nezinto ezixutywayo ezifana ne-Cr, i-Ni, i-N, i-Nb, kunye ne-Mo. impembelelo kwiipropati zemishini yensimbi engenasici. Ngokomzekelo, i-martensitic steel stainless 4Cr13 inomxholo ofanayo wekhabhoni xa kuthelekiswa ne-45 medium carbon steel, kodwa i-machinability ehambelanayo yi-58% ye-45 yensimbi kuphela; i-austenitic stainless 1Cr18Ni9Ti yi-40% kuphela, kunye ne-austenite-iron I-metamorphic duplex insimbi engenasici inobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokungahambi kakuhle.
Uhlalutyo lwamanqaku anzima ekusikeni izinto zentsimbi:

Kumatshini wokwenyani, ukusika intsimbi engatyiwa kudla ngokukhatshwa kukwenzeka kweemela eziqhekekileyo nezincangathi. Ngenxa ye-deformation enkulu yeplastiki yensimbi engenasici ngexesha lokusika, ii-chips ezenziweyo akulula ukuba ziqhekezwe kwaye zilula ukubopha, okubangela ukuba umsebenzi onzima unzima ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika. Ngalo lonke ixesha inkqubo yokusika ivelisa uluhlu oluqinileyo lokusika okulandelayo, kwaye iileyile ziqokelelwa, kwaye insimbi engenasici ikwinkqubo yokusika. Ubunzima obuphakathi buba bukhulu kwaye bukhulu, kwaye amandla okusika afunekayo nawo ayanda.

Isizukulwana somsebenzi lukhuni umaleko kunye nokunyuka kwamandla okusika ngokuqinisekileyo kukhokelela ekwandeni kwengxabano phakathi kwesixhobo kunye ne-workpiece, kunye nobushushu bokusika buyanda. Ngaphezu koko, insimbi engenasici ine-conductivity encinci ye-thermal kunye neemeko zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, kwaye ubuninzi bokusika ubushushu bugxininise phakathi kwesixhobo kunye ne-workpiece, ephazamisa umgangatho owenziweyo kwaye ichaphazela kakhulu umgangatho womgangatho owenziweyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka kobushushu bokusika kuya kwandisa ukunxiba kwesixhobo, kubangele i-crescent yeraki yobuso besixhobo, kwaye umphetho wokusika uya kuba nomsantsa, ngaloo ndlela uchaphazela umgangatho womphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwandisa i-gap. iindleko zemveliso.

Iindlela zokuphucula umgangatho wokwenziwa kwensimbi engenasici:

Inokubonwa ukusuka ngasentla ukuba ukucutshungulwa kwensimbi engenasici kunzima, kwaye uluhlu oluqinileyo lwenziwe lula ngexesha lokusika, kwaye ummese uphuke ngokulula; iitshiphusi ezenziweyo aziphuki lula, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imela incamathele, nto leyo eya kwandisa ukunxitywa kwesixhobo. Ukucutshungulwa kwazo zonke iintlobo zomgangatho ophezulu womsebenzi wensimbi engenasici ukuchonga oomatshini be-Titanium, ngenxa yeempawu zokusika zensimbi engenasici, edityaniswe nemveliso yangempela, siqala kwiinkalo ezintathu zezixhobo zesixhobo, iiparamitha zokusika kunye neendlela zokupholisa, ukufumana iindlela zokuphucula. umgangatho wokwenziwa kwensimbi engenasici.

Okokuqala, ukhetho lwezixhobo zokusebenza

Ukukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo kusisiseko sokuvelisa iindawo eziphezulu. Isixhobo sibi kakhulu ukuba singasetyenzwa ngamacandelo afanelekileyo. Ukuba isixhobo sihle kakhulu, sinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho ophezulu wenxalenye, kodwa kulula ukumosha kunye nokwandisa iindleko zokuvelisa. Ngokudibanisa nokusika isinyithi esingenasici, iimeko zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, umsebenzi owenziwe lukhuni, kulula ukunamathela imela, njl.

I-1, isantya esiphezulu sentsimbi

I-Speed-speed steel yintsimbi yensimbi ene-alloy enezixhobo ezifana ne-W, Mo, Cr, V, Hamba, njl njl. Inokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, amandla afanelekileyo kunye nokuqina, kunye nokuchasana okunamandla kwi-shock and vibration. Ingakwazi ukugcina ubunzima obuphezulu (i-HRC isengaphezulu kwe-60) phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu obuveliswa ngokusika kwesantya esiphezulu (i-HRC ingaphezulu kwe-60). Insimbi enesantya esiphezulu inobulukhuni obuhle obubomvu kwaye ifanelekile kubasiki be-milling njenge-milling cutters kunye nezixhobo zokuguqula. Iyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusika insimbi engenasici. Indawo yokusika enjengomaleko oqina kunye nokuchithwa kobushushu obubi.

I-W18Cr4V sesona sixhobo sentsimbi esinesantya esiphezulu. Ukususela ekuzalweni kwayo kwi-1906, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusika. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweepropathi zoomatshini bezinto ezahlukeneyo ezicutshungulwayo, izixhobo ze-W18Cr4V azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwenziwa kwezinto ezinzima. I-high-performance cobalt high-speed steel izalwa ngamaxesha athile. Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi eqhelekileyo enesantya esiphezulu, intsimbi ye-cobalt inesantya esingcono sokunxiba, ukuqina obomvu kunye nokuthembeka kokusetyenziswa. Kufanelekile ukucutshungulwa kwesantya esiphezulu kunye nokunqunyulwa okuphazamisekileyo. Amabanga aqhelekileyo asetyenziswayo ngala W12Cr4V5Co5.

2, intsimbi eqinile

I-carbide ene-cemented yi-metallurgy engumgubo eyenziwe nge-high-hardness refractory metal carbide (WC, TiC) i-micron-sized powder kunye ne-sintered nge-cobalt okanye i-nickel okanye i-molybdenum kwisithando somlilo okanye i-hydrogen yokunciphisa i-hydrogen. imveliso. I-carbide ene-cemented inoluhlu lweempawu ezigqwesileyo njengamandla amahle kunye nokuqina, ukumelana nobushushu, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye nobunzima obuphezulu. Kwakhona ngokusisiseko ayitshintshanga kwiqondo lobushushu le-500 ° C, kwaye isenobunzima obuphezulu kwi-1000 ° C, kwaye ifanelekile ukusika izinto ezinzima kumatshini ezifana nentsimbi engenasici kunye nentsimbi ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu. Iingxubevange ezinzima eziqhelekileyo zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu: i-YG (i-tungsten-cobalt-based cemented carbide), i-YT-based (i-tungsten-titanium-cobalt-based), i-YW-based (tungsten-titanium-tantalum (铌)) iingoma ezahlukeneyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwahluke kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo, i-YG yohlobo lwe-alloys enzima inokuqina okulungileyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kakuhle kwe-thermal, kwaye i-angle enkulu ye-rake inokukhethwa, efanelekile ukusika insimbi engenasici.
Okwesibini, ukhetho lokusika imilinganiselo yejometri yezixhobo zensimbi ezingenasici

I-rake angle γo: idityaniswe neempawu zamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, kwaye kunzima ukunqunyulwa ngexesha lokusika. Ngaphantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa amandla okwaneleyo kommese, kufuneka kukhethwe i-rake angle enkulu, enokunciphisa i-deformation yeplastiki yento eyenziwe ngomatshini. Kwakhona kunciphisa ubushushu bokusika kunye namandla okusika ngelixa kunciphisa ukuveliswa kweengqimba ezinzima.

I-angle yangemva i-αo: Ukwandisa i-angle yangasemva kuya kunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwendawo eyenziwe ngomatshini kunye ne-flank, kodwa amandla okutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kunye namandla omgca wokusika kuya kuncipha. Ubungakanani be-angle yangasemva buxhomekeke kubunzima bokusika. Xa ubukhulu bokusika bukhulu, kufuneka kukhethwe i-angle encinci yangasemva.

Eyona angle declination engundoqo kr, declination angle k'r, kunye ne-angle declination engundoqo kr inokunyusa ubude bokusebenza kweblade, eyinzuzo ekuchitheni ubushushu, kodwa inyusa amandla eradial ngexesha lokusika kwaye ithande ukungcangcazela. Ixabiso le-kr lihlala li-50. °～90 °, ukuba ukuqina komatshini akwanelanga, kunokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukwehla okwesibini kudla ngokuthathwa njenge k'r = 9° ukuya ku-15°.

I-Blade inclination angle λs: Ukuze kwandiswe amandla encam, i-engile yokuthambekela kwencakuba idla ngokuba ngu-λs = 7 ° ~ -3 °.
Okwesithathu, ukhetho lokusika ulwelo kunye nokubandayo

Ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwensimbi engenasici, kukho iimfuno eziphezulu zokupholisa, ukuthambisa, ukungena kunye nokucoca ulwelo lokusika. Ulwelo oluqhelekileyo olusetyenziswayo lokusika lunezi ndidi zilandelayo:

I-Emulsion: Yindlela eqhelekileyo yokupholisa ngokupholisa kakuhle, ukucoca kunye neempawu zokuthambisa. Idla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-roughing yentsimbi.

Ioli e-Sulfurized: Inokwenza i-sulfide ephezulu yokunyibilika kwindawo yesinyithi ngexesha lokusika, kwaye akulula ukuphuka kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Inempembelelo entle yokuthambisa kwaye inesiphumo esithile sokupholisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukugrumba, ukubuyisela kwakhona kunye nokucofa.

Ioyile yeminerali enje nge-oyile ye-injini kunye neoyile yokusonta: Inokusebenza kakuhle kokuthambisa, kodwa ayinakupholisa kakuhle kunye nokungena kwamanzi, kwaye ilungele izithuthi zokugqibezela umjikelo wangaphandle.

Umbhobho wokusika amanzi kufuneka uhambelane nommandla wokusika ngexesha lokusika, okanye ngokukhethekileyo ngokupholisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukupholisa ukutshiza okanye okufanayo.

Isishwankathelo, nangona i-stainless steel stainless machinability, ineziphene zokuqina komsebenzi onzima, amandla amakhulu okusika, i-conductivity ephantsi ye-thermal, ukunamathela ngokulula, izixhobo zokunxiba kulula, njl. isixhobo esifanelekileyo, indlela yokusika kunye nesixa sokusika, khetha i-coolant efanelekileyo, ukucinga ngenkuthalo ngexesha lomsebenzi, insimbi engenasici kunye nezinye izinto ezinzima ziya kudibana nesisombululo "seblade".