Indlela yokubala isantya sokusika kunye nesantya sokutya kwiziko lomatshini le-CNC?

Ukusika isantya kunye nesantya sokutya kwiziko lomatshini le-CNC:

 

1: isantya sokusonta = 1000vc / π D

 

2. Isantya esiphezulu sokusika izixhobo eziqhelekileyo (VC): intsimbi ephezulu ye-50 m / min; isixhobo esinzima kakhulu 150 m / min; isixhobo esifakwe kwi-250 m / min; isixhobo sedayimane se-ceramic 1000 m / min 3 i-alloy steel alloy I-brinell ubulukhuni = 275-325 isixhobo sentsimbi esinesantya esiphezulu vc = 18m / min; isixhobo se-carbide enesamente vc = 70m / min (idrafti = 3mm; izinga lokutya f = 0.3mm / R)CNC ukujika inxalenye

  

Zimbini iindlela zokubala zesantya sokusonta, njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzekelo ulandelayo:

 

① Isantya sokusonta: enye yi-g97 S1000, okuthetha ukuba i-spindle ijikeleza i-1000 revolutions ngomzuzu, oko kukuthi, isantya esingaguqukiyo.CNC machining inxalenye

Enye kukuba i-G96 S80 inesantya esingaguqukiyo somgca, apho umphezulu womsebenzi umisela isantya sokusonta.inxalenye yomatshini

 

Kukho kwakhona izantya ezimbini ezigcinwe, i-G94 F100, ebonisa ukuba umgama wokusika umzuzu omnye yi-100 mm. Enye yi-g95 F0.1, okuthetha ukuba ubungakanani bokutya kwesixhobo yi-0.1mm nge-spindle revolution. Ukukhethwa kwesixhobo sokusika kunye nokuzimisela kwexabiso lokusika kwi-NC machining yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-NC machining technology. Ayichaphazeli kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini we-NC izixhobo zoomatshini kodwa ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho womatshini.

 

Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yeCAD / CAM, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa idatha yoyilo lweCAD kwi-NC machining ngokuthe ngqo, ngakumbi uqhagamshelo lwe-microcomputer kunye nesixhobo somatshini we-NC, esenza yonke inkqubo yoyilo, ucwangciso lwenkqubo, kunye nenkqubo iphelele ikhompyutha. Ngokubanzi, akufuneki ukuba kuphume amaxwebhu enkqubo ethile.

 

Okwangoku, iipakethe ezininzi ze-CAD / CAM zesoftware zibonelela ngemisebenzi yenkqubo ezenzekelayo. Le software ikhuthaza ngokubanzi iingxaki ze-reprogramming levant yesicwangciso senkqubo, njengokukhethwa kwesixhobo, isicwangciso sendlela yomatshini, ukusetwa kweparameter, njl njl. .

 

Ngoko ke, ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokusika kunye nokumisela iiparitha zokusika kwi-NC machining kugqitywe phantsi kwentsebenziswano yomntu-ikhompyutheni, ephikisana ngokukrakra kunye nomatshini oqhelekileyo wesixhobo somatshini. Kwangaxeshanye, kukwafuna abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba balawule imigaqo esisiseko yokukhethwa kwesixhobo kunye nokuzimisela kokusika iiparamitha kunye nokuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo iimpawu ze-NC machining xa kusenziwa inkqubo.

 

I. Iintlobo kunye neempawu zezixhobo zokusika eziqhelekileyo ze-CNC machining

 

Izixhobo zomatshini ze-NC kufuneka zihambelane nesantya esiphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo kwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanywa izixhobo zendalo yonke, izixhobo zokudibanisa jikelele, kunye nenani elincinci lezixhobo ezizodwa zokuphatha. Isibambo sesixhobo kufuneka siqhagamshelwe kwisixhobo kwaye sifakwe kwintloko yamandla yomatshini, kwakhona, ngoko ke iye yalungiswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye yafakwa i-serialized. Zininzi iindlela zokuhlela izixhobo zeNC.

 

Ngokwesakhiwo sesixhobo, sinokwahlulwa sibe:

 

① uhlobo oludityanisiweyo;

 

(2) Uhlobo olufakiweyo ludityaniswe nge-welding okanye uhlobo lomatshini wokudibanisa. Uhlobo lokubamba umatshini lunokwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezimbini: nonontransposableype kunye nohlobo oludluliselwayo;

 

③ iintlobo ezithile, ezifana nezixhobo zokusika ezidityanisiweyo, izixhobo zokusika ezothusayo, njl.

 

Ngokwezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza isixhobo, sinokwahlulwa sibe:

 

① Umsiki wentsimbi enesantya esiphezulu;

 

② isixhobo se-carbide;

 

③ umsiki wedayimani;

 

④ izixhobo zokusika zezinye izinto, ezifana ne-cubic boron nitride, i-ceramic, njl.

 

Itekhnoloji yokusika inokwahlulwa ibe:

 

① Ukuguqula izixhobo, kubandakanya isangqa sangaphandle, umngxuma ongaphakathi, intambo, izixhobo zokusika, njl.

 

② izixhobo zokomba, kubandakanywa ukubhola, ukuphinda-phinda, impompo, njl.

 

③ isixhobo esikruqulayo;

 

④ izixhobo zokusila, njl.

 

I-IToadapt kwiimfuno zezixhobo ze-CNC zomatshini wokuqina kwesixhobo, ukuzinza, ukulungiswa lula, kunye nokutshintshiselana, kwiminyaka yamuva nje, isixhobo esine-indexable machine-clamped sisetyenziswe ngokubanzi, sifikelela kwi-30% - 40% yenani elipheleleyo lezixhobo ze-CNC, kwaye inani le-akhawunti yokususwa kwesinyithi kwi-80% - 90% yetotali.

 

Xa kuthelekiswa nabasiki abasetyenziswa kwizixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi, abasiki be-CNC baneemfuno ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ngezi mpawu zilandelayo:

 

(1) ukuqina okulungileyo (ingakumbi izixhobo zokusika ezirhabaxa), ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukungcangcazela okuncinci, kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-thermal;

 

(2) ukutshintshiselana okulungileyo, kulungele ukutshintsha isixhobo ngokukhawuleza;

 

(3) ubomi benkonzo ephezulu, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nokuthembekileyo kokusika;

 

(4) ubungakanani besixhobo kulula ukuhlengahlengisa, kunciphisa ixesha lohlengahlengiso lokutshintsha isixhobo;

 

(5) i-cCutter iya kukwazi ukwaphula okanye ukurola iitshiphusi ngokuthembekileyo ukuze kube lula ukususwa kwetshiphu;

 

(6) Ukumiswa komgangatho we-serializatCutterd ukuququzelela inkqubo kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo.

 

II. Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zoomatshini zeNC

 

Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokusika kuqhutyelwa kwisimo sokusebenzisana nabantu kwikhompyutheni ye-NC programming. Isixhobo kunye nesibambo siya kukhethwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuhambelana nomthamo womatshini wesixhobo somatshini, ukusebenza kwesixhobo sokusebenza, inkqubo yokucubungula, isixa sokusika, kunye nezinye izinto ezifanelekileyo. Imigaqo yokukhetha izixhobo ikulungele ukufakela kunye nohlengahlengiso, ukuqina okuhle, ukuqina okuphezulu, kunye nokuchaneka. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-machining, zama ukukhetha isixhobo esifutshane sokuphatha isixhobo sokuphucula ukuqina kwesixhobo sokwenza isixhobo. Xa ukhetha isixhobo, ubungakanani besixhobo kufuneka bufaneleke kubukhulu bomphezulu bomsebenzi oza kucutshungulwa.

 

Kwimveliso, isiphelo sokusila i-cutter sihlala sisetyenziselwa ukucubungula i-peripheral contour yeendawo zendiza; xa iinxalenye zendiza yokugaya, i-carbide blade milling cutter kufuneka ikhethwe; xa i-machining boss kunye ne-groove, i-high-speed steel end milling cutter kufuneka ikhethwe; xa kusetyenzwa indawo engenanto okanye umngxuma womatshini orhabaxa, i-corn milling cutter ene-carbide blade inokukhethwa; ukulungiselela ukusetyenzwa kweprofayile enamacala amathathu kunye necontour ene-engile ye-bevel eguquguqukayo, isisiki sebhola sentloko yokusila kunye neringi yokusila yavela esetyenzisiweyo iCCutter taper cutter kunye nedisk cutter. Kwinkqubo ye-free-form machining surface machining, ngenxa yokuba i-Speed ​​Cutting of the ball head cutter yi-zero, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kwe-machining, i-spacing yomgca wokusika ngokuqhelekileyo ixinene kakhulu, ngoko ke intloko yebhola isoloko isetyenziselwa ukugqiba umphezulu. Umsiki wentloko osicaba ugqwesile kumsiki wentloko yebhola kumgangatho womatshini womphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusika. Ke ngoko, umsiki wentloko osicaba kufuneka akhethwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuba umphezulu ogobileyo uburhabaxa okanye ukugqiba umatshini kuqinisekisiwe.

 

Ukongezelela, ukuqina kunye nokuchaneka kwezixhobo zokusika kunobudlelwane obukhulu kunye nexabiso lezixhobo zokusika. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokusika kwandisa iindleko zezixhobo zokusika, Sekunjalo, ukuphuculwa kwesiphumo somgangatho wokucubungula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusetyenzwa.

 

Kwiziko lomatshini, zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zifakwe kwimagazini yesixhobo, kwaye zinokukhetha kwaye zitshintshe izixhobo nanini na ngokwenkqubo. Ke ngoko, isibambo sesixhobo esisemgangathweni kufuneka sisetyenziswe ukuze izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zokomba, ukudika, ukwandisa, ukugaya, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zinokufakwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo kwi-spindle okanye imagazini yesixhobo somatshini. Umdwelisi wenkqubo uya kukwazi ubungakanani besakhiwo, indlela yohlengahlengiso, kunye noluhlu lohlengahlengiso lwesixhobo sokuphatha esisetyenziswa kwisixhobo somatshini ukumisela imilinganiselo yeradial kunye ne-axial xa kusenziwa inkqubo. Okwangoku, inkqubo yesixhobo se-G isetyenziswa kumaziko omatshini eTshayina. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo zesixhobo: ii-shanks ezichanekileyo (iinkcazo ezintathu) kunye ne-taper shanks (iinkcazo ezine), kubandakanywa i-shanks ye-16 yezixhobo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Kwi-machining ye-NC yoqoqosho, kuba ukugaya, ukulinganisa, kunye nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo zokusika zenziwa kakhulu ngesandla, okuthatha ixesha elide, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo umyalelo wezixhobo zokusika.

 

Ngokubanzi, le migaqo ilandelayo iya kulandelwa:

 

① ukunciphisa inani lezixhobo;

 

② emva kokuba isixhobo sibanjiwe, onke amalungu omatshini esinokuwenza aya kugqitywa;

 

③ izixhobo zomatshini orhabaxa nokugqiba ziya kusetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo, nalezo ezinobukhulu obufanayo kunye neenkcukacha;

 

④ Ukugaya phambi kokomba;

 

⑤ Gqibezela umphezulu kuqala, emva koko ugqibezele i-contour ene-dimensional;

 

⑥ ukuba kuyenzeka, isixhobo esizenzekelayo sokutshintsha umsebenzi wezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kufuneka sisetyenziswe ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

 

III. Ukumiselwa kweeparamitha zokusika kwi-CNC machining

 

Umgaqo wokhetho olufanelekileyo lweeparamitha zokusika kukuba kumatshini obukhali, imveliso iphuculwa ngokubanzi, kodwa uqoqosho kunye neendleko zomatshini kufuneka ziqwalaselwe; kumatshini kunye nokugqiba, ukusika ukusebenza kakuhle, uqoqosho, kunye neendleko zoomatshini kufuneka zithathwe njengesiseko sokuqinisekisa umgangatho womatshini. Ixabiso elithile liya kugqitywa ngokuhambelana nencwadana yesixhobo somatshini, i-parameters manual yokusika, kunye namava.

 

(1) ukusika ubunzulu t. Xa ukuqina kwesixhobo somatshini, i-workpiece, kunye nesixhobo kuvunyelwe, kuyalingana nesibonelelo somatshini, okuyiyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuphucula imveliso. Umda othile kufuneka ubekelwe ukugqitywa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu. Isibonelelo sokugqiba izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC sinokuba ngaphantsi kancinane kuneso sezixhobo zoomatshini eziqhelekileyo.

 

(2) ukusika ububanzi L. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-l ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwi-diameter yesixhobo D kwaye ihambelana ngokungafaniyo nobunzulu bokusika. Kwi-economic NC machining, uluhlu lwexabiso lwe-L ngokuqhelekileyo L = (0.6-0.9) d.

 

(3) ukusika isantya v. Ukwandisa i-V kwakhona ngumlinganiselo wokuphucula imveliso, kodwa i-V inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuqina kwesixhobo. Ngokunyuka kwe-V, ukuqina kwesixhobo kuncipha ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke ukhetho lwe-V luxhomekeke ekuzinzeni kwesixhobo. Ukongeza, isantya sokusika sinobudlelwane obukhulu kunye nezinto zokucubungula. Umzekelo, xa ukugaya i-30crni2mova nge-enan d milling cutter, i-V ingaba malunga ne-8m / min; xa ukugaya i-aluminium ialloy kunye nesiphelo esifanayo sokusika umsiki, i-V ingaba ngaphezu kwe-200m / min.

 

(4) isantya se-spindle n (R / min). Isantya sokuphotha sikhethwa ngokubanzi ngokwesantya sokusika v. Ifomula yokubala s: apho D yi-diameter yesixhobo okanye i-workpiece (mm). I-GeTypically ipaneli yokulawula yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ixhotyiswe ngesantya sohlengahlengiso lwesantya sokujikeleza (ezininzi) iswitshi, esinokuhlengahlengisa isantya sokujikeleza kwinkqubo yomatshini.

 

(5) isantya sokutya i-vfvfvf siya kukhethwa ngokweemfuno zokuchaneka komatshini kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu beendawo kunye nezixhobo zezixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza. Ukonyuka kwe-inF kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Xa uburhabaxa bomphezulu buphantsi, i-VF inokukhethwa kakhulu. Kwinkqubo ye-machining, i-VF nayo inokulungelelaniswa ngesandla ngokutshintshwa kohlengahlengiso kwipaneli yokulawula yesixhobo somatshini, Sekunjalo, isantya esiphezulu sokutya silinganiselwe ngokungqongqo kwesixhobo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yokutya.