Indlela yokubala isantya sokusika kunye nesantya sokutya kwiziko lomatshini le-CNC?

Ukusika isantya kunye nesantya sokutya kwiziko lomatshini le-CNC:

 

1: isantya sokusonta = 1000vc / π D

 

2. Isantya esiphezulu sokusika izixhobo eziqhelekileyo (VC): isantya esiphezulu sensimbi 50 m / min; isixhobo esinzima kakhulu 150 m / min; isixhobo esifakwe kwi-250 m / min; isixhobo sedayimani se-ceramic 1000 m / min 3 i-alloy steel alloy I-brinell ubulukhuni = 275-325 isantya esiphezulu isixhobo sentsimbi vc = 18m / min; isixhobo se-carbide enesamente vc = 70m / min (idrafti = 3mm; izinga lokutya f = 0.3mm / R)cnc ukujika inxalenye

  

Zimbini iindlela zokubala zesantya sokusonta, njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzekelo ulandelayo:

 

① Isantya sokusonta: enye yi-g97 S1000, okuthetha ukuba i-spindle ijikeleza i-1000 revolutions ngomzuzu, oko kukuthi, isantya esingaguqukiyo.cnc machining inxalenye

 

Enye yeyokuba i-G96 S80 yisantya esingaguqukiyo somgca, esisisantya sokusonta esigqitywe ngumphezulu womsebenzi.inxalenye yomatshini

 

Kukho neentlobo ezimbini zezantya zokutya, i-G94 F100, ebonisa ukuba umgama wokusika umzuzu omnye yi-100 mm. Enye yi-g95 F0.1, okuthetha ukuba ubungakanani bokutya kwesixhobo yi-0.1mm nge-revolution ye-spindle. Ukukhethwa kwesixhobo sokusika kunye nokuzimisela kwexabiso lokusika kwi-NC machining yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-NC machining technology. Ayichaphazeli kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini we-NC izixhobo zomatshini, kodwa ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho womatshini.

 

Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yeCAD / CAM, kunokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo idatha yoyilo lweCAD kwi-NC machining, ngakumbi uqhagamshelo lwe-microcomputer kunye nesixhobo somatshini we-NC, esenza yonke inkqubo yoyilo, ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo kunye neprogramu iphelele kwikhompyuter. , kwaye ngokubanzi ayifuni kukhupha amaxwebhu enkqubo eyodwa.

 

Okwangoku, iipakethe ezininzi ze-CAD / CAM zesoftware zibonelela ngemisebenzi yenkqubo ezenzekelayo. Ezi software ngokubanzi zikhuthaza iingxaki ezifanelekileyo zokucwangciswa kwenkqubo kwi-interface yeprogram, njengokukhethwa kwesixhobo, ukucwangciswa kwendlela yokwenza, ukucwangcisa ipharamitha, njl njl. ubeka iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo.

 

Ngoko ke, ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokusika kunye nokuzimisela kweeparameters zokusika kwi-NC machining kugqitywe phantsi kwemeko yokusebenzisana kwekhompyutheni yomntu, echasene kakhulu nomatshini oqhelekileyo wesixhobo somatshini. Kwangaxeshanye, kukwafuna abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba balawule imigaqo esisiseko yokukhethwa kwesixhobo kunye nokuzimisela kokusika iiparamitha, kwaye baqwalasele ngokupheleleyo iimpawu ze-NC machining xa kusenziwa inkqubo.

 

I. iintlobo kunye neempawu zezixhobo zokusika eziqhelekileyo ze-CNC machining

 

Izixhobo zomshini we-NC kufuneka zihambelane neempawu zesantya esiphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo kwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, ngokubanzi kubandakanywa izixhobo zendalo yonke, izixhobo zokudibanisa jikelele kunye nenani elincinci lezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokuphatha. Isibambo sesixhobo kufuneka siqhagamshelwe kwisixhobo kwaye sifakwe kwintloko yamandla yesixhobo somatshini, ngoko ke siye salungiswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye siseriyeni. Zininzi iindlela zokuhlela izixhobo zeNC.

 

Ngokwesakhiwo sesixhobo, sinokwahlulwa sibe:

 

① uhlobo oludityanisiweyo;

 

(2) uhlobo olufakiweyo, oludityaniswe nge-welding okanye uhlobo lomatshini olubambekayo. Uhlobo lwe-clamp yomatshini lunokwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo olungadluliyo kunye nohlobo olugqithisiweyo;

 

③ iintlobo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nezixhobo zokusika ezidibeneyo, izixhobo zokusika ezothusayo, njl.

 

Ngokwezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza isixhobo, sinokwahlulwa sibe:

 

① umsiki wentsimbi enesantya esiphezulu;

 

② isixhobo carbide;

 

③ umsiki wedayimani;

 

④ izixhobo zokusika zezinye izinto, ezifana nezixhobo zokusika ze-cubic boron nitride, izixhobo zokusika i-ceramic, njl.

 

Itekhnoloji yokusika inokwahlulwa ibe:

 

① izixhobo zokujika, kuquka isangqa sangaphandle, umngxuma ongaphakathi, intambo, izixhobo zokusika, njl.

 

② izixhobo zokomba, kubandakanywa ukubhola, ukuphinda-phinda, impompo, njl.

 

③ isixhobo esikruqulayo;

 

④ izixhobo zokugaya, njl.

 

Ukuze ulungelelanise neemfuno zezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC wokuqina kwesixhobo, ukuzinza, ukulungiswa lula kunye nokutshintshiselana, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umatshini ogxininisiweyo we-indexable tool usetyenziswe ngokubanzi, ukufikelela kwi-30% - 40% yenani elipheleleyo lezixhobo ze-CNC, kunye nenani le-akhawunti yokususwa kwesinyithi kwi-80% - 90% yetotali.

 

Xa kuthelekiswa nabasiki abasetyenziswa kwizixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi, abasiki be-CNC baneemfuno ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ngezi mpawu zilandelayo:

 

(1) ukuqina okuhle (ingakumbi izixhobo zokusika ezirhabaxa), ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukuchasana kokungcangcazela okuncinci kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-thermal;

 

(2) ukutshintshiselana okulungileyo, kulungele ukutshintsha isixhobo ngokukhawuleza;

 

(3) ubomi benkonzo ephezulu, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nokuthembekileyo kokusika;

 

(4) ubungakanani besixhobo kulula ukulungelelanisa, ukwenzela ukunciphisa ixesha lohlengahlengiso lokutshintsha isixhobo;

 

(5) umsiki uya kukwazi ukwaphula okanye ukuqengqeleka iitshiphusi ngokuthembekileyo ukuququzelela ukususwa kwetshiphu;

 

(6) ulungelelwaniso kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni ukuququzelela inkqubo kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo.

 

II. Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zoomatshini zeNC

 

Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokusika kuqhutyelwa kwisimo sokusebenzisana nabantu kwikhompyutheni ye-NC programming. Isixhobo kunye nesibambo siya kukhethwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuhambelana nomthamo womatshini wesixhobo somatshini, ukusebenza kwezinto zokusebenza, inkqubo yokucubungula, inani lokusika kunye nezinye izinto ezifanelekileyo. Umgaqo oqhelekileyo wokukhethwa kwesixhobo kukuba: ukufakela okufanelekileyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa, ukuqina okulungileyo, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka. Kwisiseko sokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwenza, zama ukukhetha isixhobo esifutshane sokuphatha isixhobo sokuphucula ukuqina komatshini wokwenza izixhobo. Xa ukhetha isixhobo, ubungakanani besixhobo kufuneka bufaneleke kubukhulu bomphezulu bomsebenzi oza kucutshungulwa.

 

Kwimveliso, isiphelo sokusila i-cutter sihlala sisetyenziselwa ukucubungula i-peripheral contour yeendawo zendiza; xa iinxalenye zendiza yokugaya, i-carbide blade milling cutter kufuneka ikhethwe; xa i-machining boss kunye ne-groove, i-high-speed steel end milling cutter kufuneka ikhethwe; xa kusetyenzwa indawo engenanto okanye umngxuma womatshini orhabaxa, i-corn milling cutter ene-carbide blade inokukhethwa; ukwenzela ukusetyenzwa kweprofayile enamacala amathathu kunye necontour ene-angle ye-bevel eguquguqukayo, isisiki sebhola sentloko yokusila kunye neringi yokusila zihlala zisetyenziswa Umsiki, umsiki wetaper kunye nediskhi cutter. Kwinkqubo ye-free-form machining surface machining, ngenxa yokuba isantya sokugqibela sokusika i-header cutter yi-zero, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kwe-machining, isithuba somgca wokusika ngokuqhelekileyo sixinene kakhulu, ngoko ke intloko yebhola ihlala isetyenziselwa ukugqiba umphezulu. . Umsiki wentloko osicaba ungaphezulu komsiki wentloko yebhola kumgangatho womatshini wokwenza umphezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusika. Ke ngoko, i-flat cutter yentloko kufuneka ikhethwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuba nje umatshini orhabaxa okanye ukugqiba umatshini womgangatho ogobileyo uqinisekisiwe.

 

Ukongezelela, ukuqina kunye nokuchaneka kwezixhobo zokusika kunobudlelwane obukhulu kunye nexabiso lezixhobo zokusika. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukukhethwa kwesixhobo esilungileyo sokusika kwandisa iindleko zezixhobo zokusika, kodwa ukuphuculwa kwesiphumo somgangatho wokucubungula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokucubungula.

 

Kwiziko lomatshini, zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zifakwe kwimagazini yesixhobo, kwaye zinokukhetha kwaye zitshintshe izixhobo nanini na ngokwenkqubo. Ngoko ke, isixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokuphatha isixhobo kufuneka sisetyenziswe ukwenzela ukuba izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zokugaya, ukubhongisa, ukwandisa, ukugaya kunye nezinye iinkqubo zinokukhawuleza kwaye zifakwe ngokuchanekileyo kwi-spindle okanye umagazini wesixhobo somatshini. Umdwelisi weprogram uya kukwazi ubungakanani besakhiwo, indlela yokulungelelanisa kunye noluhlu lohlengahlengiso lwesixhobo sokuphatha esisetyenzisiweyo kwisixhobo somatshini, ukwenzela ukuba kunqunywe imilinganiselo ye-radial kunye ne-axial yesixhobo xa kusenziwa inkqubo. Okwangoku, inkqubo yesixhobo se-TSG isetyenziswa kumaziko omatshini eTshayina. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zeeshanki zesixhobo: iishanki ezithe tye (iinkcazo ezintathu) kunye ne-taper shanks (iinkcazo ezine), kubandakanywa neentlobo ezili-16 zezixhobo zokusebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Kwi-machining ye-NC yezoqoqosho, kuba ukugaya, ukulinganisa kunye nokutshintshwa kwezixhobo zokusika zenziwa kakhulu ngesandla, ezithatha ixesha elide, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela umyalelo wezixhobo zokusika ngokufanelekileyo.

 

Ngokubanzi, le migaqo ilandelayo iya kulandelwa:

 

① ukunciphisa inani lezixhobo;

 

② emva kokuba isixhobo sibanjiwe, onke amalungu omatshini esinokuwenza aya kugqitywa;

 

③ izixhobo zomatshini orhabaxa nokugqiba ziya kusetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo, nalezo ezinobukhulu obufanayo kunye neenkcukacha;

 

④ ukugaya phambi kokomba;

 

⑤ gqibezela umphezulu kuqala, emva koko ugqibezele i-contour ene-dimensional;

 

⑥ ukuba kuyenzeka, isixhobo esizenzekelayo sokutshintsha umsebenzi wezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC kufuneka sisetyenziswe ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

 

III. ukuzimisela kweeparameters zokusika kwi-CNC machining

 

Umgaqo wokhetho olufanelekileyo lweeparamitha zokusika kukuba kumatshini obukhali, imveliso iphuculwa ngokubanzi, kodwa uqoqosho kunye neendleko zomatshini kufuneka ziqwalaselwe; kwi-semi-fine machining kunye nokugqiba, ukusika ukusebenza kakuhle, uqoqosho kunye neendleko zomatshini kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwisiseko sokuqinisekisa umgangatho womatshini. Ixabiso elithile liya kugqitywa ngokuhambelana nencwadana yesixhobo somatshini, iiparameters zokusika incwadana kunye namava.

 

(1) ukusika ubunzulu t. Xa ukuqina kwesixhobo somatshini, i-workpiece kunye nesixhobo kuvunyelwe, i-t ilingana nesibonelelo somatshini, ongumlinganiselo osebenzayo wokuphucula imveliso. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komatshini kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu beendawo, umda othile kufuneka ubekelwe ukugqiba. Isibonelelo sokugqiba izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC sinokuba ngaphantsi kancinane kuneso sezixhobo zoomatshini eziqhelekileyo.

 

(2) ukusika ububanzi L. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-l ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwi-diameter yesixhobo D kwaye ihambelana ngokungafaniyo nobunzulu bokusika. Kwi-economic NC machining, uluhlu lwexabiso lwe-L ngokuqhelekileyo L = (0.6-0.9) d.

 

(3) ukusika isantya v. Ukwandisa i-V kwakhona ngumlinganiselo wokuphucula imveliso, kodwa i-V inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuqina kwesixhobo. Ngokunyuka kwe-V, ukuqina kwesixhobo kuncipha ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke ukhetho lwe-V luxhomekeke kwisixhobo sokuqina. Ukongeza, isantya sokusika sinobudlelwane obukhulu kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa. Umzekelo, xa ukugaya i-30crni2mova kunye nesiphelo sokusika umsiki, i-V ingaba malunga ne-8m / min; xa ukugaya i-aluminium ialloy kunye nesiphelo esifanayo sokusika umsiki, i-V ingaba ngaphezu kwe-200m / min.

 

(4) isantya se-spindle n (R / min). Isantya sokusonta sikhethwa ngokubanzi ngokwesantya sokusika v. Ifomyula yokubala yile: apho u-D yi-diameter yesixhobo okanye i-workpiece (mm). Ngokubanzi, iphaneli yolawulo yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ixhotyiswe ngesantya sohlengahlengiso lwe-spindle (ezininzi) iswitshi, esinokuhlengahlengisa isantya sokuphotha kwinkqubo yomatshini.

 

(5) isantya sokutya i-vfvfvf siya kukhethwa ngokweemfuno zokuchaneka komatshini kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu beendawo kunye nezixhobo zezixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza. Ukunyuka kweVF nako kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Xa uburhabaxa bomphezulu buphantsi, iVF inokukhethwa ibe nkulu. Kwinkqubo yomatshini, i-VF inokulungelelaniswa ngesandla ngokutshintsha uhlengahlengiso kwipaneli yokulawula yesixhobo somatshini, kodwa isantya esiphezulu sokutya sinqunyelwe ukuqina kwesixhobo kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yokutya.