Ungakhetha njani ngokuchanekileyo uburhabaxa bomphezulu ukwenza iindawo ezikumgangatho ophezulu we-CNC Machining?

Itekhnoloji yomatshini we-CNC inomgangatho ophezulu wokuchaneka kunye nokuchaneka kwaye inokuvelisa iindawo ezintle ezinonyamezelo ezincinci njenge-0.025 mm. Le ndlela yokucoca iyingxenye yokuvelisa i-subtractive, oku kuthetha ukuba ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca, iindawo ezifunekayo zenziwe ngokususa izinto. Ngako oko, amanqaku amancinci okusika aya kuhlala phezu kwendawo egqityiweyo, okukhokelela kwinqanaba elithile lobunzima bomhlaba.

Yintoni uburhabaxa bomphezulu?

Uburhabaxa bomphezulu beendawo ezifunyenwe nguCNC machiningsisalathiso somndilili wokulunga kobume bomphezulu. Ukuze silinganise olu phawu, sisebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeparameters ukuyichaza, phakathi kwazo iRa (izibalo zithetha uburhabaxa) yeyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Ibalwa ngokusekelwe kumahluko amancinci kubude bomphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka okuphantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa phantsi kwe-microscope kwii-microns. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: nangona iteknoloji yokucoca i-high-precision machining ingaphucula ukugudiswa kwendawo yecandelo, ubuninzi bomhlaba bubhekiselele ngokukodwa kwiimpawu zokuthungwa kwendawo emva komatshini.

 

Sifikelela njani kuburhabaxa obahlukileyo bomphezulu?

Uburhabaxa bomphezulu bamacandelo emva komatshini abuveliswanga ngokungenamkhethe kodwa kulawulwa ngokungqongqo ukufikelela kwixabiso elithile eliqhelekileyo. Eli xabiso lomgangatho limiselwe kwangaphambili, kodwa asiyonto enokwabelwa ngaphandle kwesizathu. Endaweni yoko, kuyimfuneko ukulandela imigangatho yexabiso likaRa eyaziwa ngokubanzi kwishishini lokuvelisa. Ngokomzekelo, ngokwe-ISO 4287, kwiIinkqubo zoomatshini ze-CNC, Uluhlu lwexabiso le-Ra lunokucaciswa ngokucacileyo, ukusuka kwi-25 microns ukuya kwi-microns ecolekileyo kakhulu ye-0.025 ukuze ihambelane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zesicelo.

Sinikezela ngamabakala amane okurhabaxa komphezulu, nawo angamaxabiso aqhelekileyo kwizicelo zomatshini ze-CNC:

3.2 μm Ra

Ra1.6 μm Ra

Ra0.8 μm Ra

Ra0.4 μm Ra

Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomatshini zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zobunzima bomphezulu wamalungu. Kuphela kuxa iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zesicelo ziya kuchazwa amaxabiso okurhabaxa asezantsi kuba ukufikelela kumaxabiso asezantsi e-Ra kufuna imisebenzi yomatshini kunye nemilinganiselo engqongqo yolawulo lomgangatho, edla ngokunyusa iindleko kunye nexesha. Ngoko ke, xa kufuneka i-roughness ethile, imisebenzi emva kokulungiswa ngokuqhelekileyo ayikhethwanga kuqala kuba iinkqubo zasemva kokulungiswa zinzima ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zinokuba nefuthe elibi kwi-dimensional tolerances yecandelo.

Kwezinye iinkqubo zobuchwephesha, uburhabaxa bomphezulu benxalenye bunempembelelo enkulu kumsebenzi wayo, ukusebenza, kunye nokuqina. Inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo kwi-coefficient ye-friction, inqanaba lengxolo, ukunxiba, ukuveliswa kobushushu, kunye nokusebenza kokubambisana kwenxalenye. Nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwezi zinto kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile yesicelo. Ke ngoko, kwezinye iimeko, uburhabaxa bomphezulu bungabi yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, njengoxinzelelo oluphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, indawo ezishukumayo eziphezulu, kwaye apho kufanelekile ngokuchanekileyo, ukunyakaza okugudileyo, ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza, okanye njengokufakelwa kwezonyango kuyadingeka. Kumacandelo, uburhabaxa bomphezulu bubalulekile. Ngamafutshane, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zobunzima bomphezulu wamalungu.

Okulandelayo, siza kuntywila nzulu kumabakala oburhabaxa kwaye sikunike lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukwazi xa ukhetha ixabiso elichanekileyo likaRa kwisicelo sakho.

3.2 μmRa

Le yiparamitha yokulungiswa kwendawo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi efanelekile kwiindawo ezininzi kwaye ibonelela ngokugudileyo okwaneleyo kodwa kusekho namanqaku okusika acacileyo. Ngokungabikho kwemiyalelo ekhethekileyo, lo mgangatho woburhabaxa bomphezulu udla ngokumkelwa ngokungagqibekanga.

 

3.2 μm Ra machining mark

Kwiindawo ezifuna ukumelana noxinzelelo, umthwalo, kunye nokungcangcazela, elona xabiso liphakamileyo lokurhabaxa elicetyiswayo yi-3.2 microns Ra. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yomthwalo okhanyayo kunye nesantya esicothayo sokuhamba, eli xabiso loburhabaxa lingasetyenziselwa ukufanisa iindawo ezihambayo. Ukuze kuphunyezwe uburhabaxa obunjalo, ukusika ngesantya esiphezulu, ukutya okucolekileyo, kunye namandla amancinci okusika kuyafuneka ngexesha lokulungiswa.

1.6 μm Ra

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa olu khetho lukhethiwe, amanqaku esikiweyo kwicala aya kuba lula kwaye angabonakali. Eli xabiso likaRa lifaneleke kakuhle kwiindawo ezibambene ngokuqinileyo, iinxalenye eziphantsi koxinzelelo, kunye neendawo ezihamba ngokucothayo kwaye zilayishwa kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ayifanelekanga kwiindawo ezijikeleza ngokukhawuleza okanye ezifumana ukungcangcazela okukhulu. Lobu burhabaxa bomphezulu buphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa isantya esiphezulu sokusika, ukutya okucolekileyo, kunye nokunqunyulwa kokukhanya phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa ngokungqongqo.

Ngokweendleko, kwii-alloys eziqhelekileyo ze-aluminium (ezifana ne-3.1645), ukukhetha olu khetho kuya kwandisa iindleko zokuvelisa malunga ne-2.5%. Kwaye njengoko ubunzima benxalenye bukhula, iindleko ziya kunyuka ngokufanelekileyo.

 

0.8 μm Ra

Ukufezekisa eli nqanaba liphezulu lokugqitywa komphezulu kufuna ulawulo olungqongqo kakhulu ngexesha lemveliso kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kubiza kakhulu. Oku kugqitywa kudla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa kwiibheringi apho intshukumo kunye nemithwalo iyenzeka ngamaxesha athile kwaye ilula.

Ngokweendleko, ukukhetha le nqanaba eliphezulu lokugqiba kuya kwandisa iindleko zokuvelisa malunga ne-5% ye-alloys eqhelekileyo ye-aluminium efana ne-3.1645, kwaye le ndleko inyuka ngakumbi njengoko inxalenye iba nzima ngakumbi.

 

 

0.4 μm uRa

Lo mphezulu ucolekileyo (okanye “ogudileyo”) ubonisa ukugqitywa komphezulu okumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ufanelekile kwiindawo eziphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye uxinzelelo, kunye nezinto ezijikeleza ngokukhawuleza ezifana neebheringi kunye neeshafti. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokuvelisa oku kugqitywa komphezulu kunzima, ikhethwa kuphela xa ukugudiswa yinto ebalulekileyo.

Ngokumalunga neendleko, kwii-alloys eziqhelekileyo ze-aluminium (ezifana ne-3.1645), ukukhetha le ngqungquthela enqabileyo yomhlaba iya kwandisa iindleko zokuvelisa malunga ne-11-15%. Kwaye njengoko ubunzima benxalenye bunyuka, iindleko ezifunekayo ziya kunyuka ngakumbi.