Xa kuthelekiswa nokucwangciswa kwendawo yangaphandle, iimeko zokucutshungulwa komngxuma zibi kakhulu, kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukucubungula imingxuma kunokucubungula izangqa zangaphandle. Oku kungenxa yokuba:
I-1) Ubungakanani besixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukucoca umngxuma bukhawulelwe ngubungakanani bomngxuma oza kwenziwa ngawo, kwaye ukuqina kubi, okulungele ukugoba i-deformation kunye ne-vibration;
2) Xa usenza umgodi ngesixhobo esisisigxina, ubukhulu bomngxuma buhlala buchongwa ngokuthe ngqo ngobungakanani obuhambelanayo besixhobo, kwaye impazamo yokuvelisa kunye nokunxiba kwesixhobo kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka komatshini womngxuma;
3) Xa imingxuma yomatshini, indawo yokusika ingaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza, ukukhutshwa kwe-chip kunye neemeko zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu zihlwempuzekileyo, kwaye ukuchaneka kwe-machining kunye nomgangatho ophezulu akulula ukulawula.
1. Ukugrumba kunye nokuhlaziya kwakhona
1. ukugrumba
Ukugrumba yinkqubo yokuqala yokwenza imingxuma kwizinto eziqinileyo, kwaye ububanzi bemingxuma ngokubanzi bungaphantsi kwe-80mm. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokomba: enye kukujikeleza kwe-drill; enye kukujikeleza kweworkpiece. Iimpazamo eziveliswe zezi ndlela zimbini zokomba zingasentla zahlukile. Kwindlela yokugaya kunye ne-drill bit ejikelezayo, xa i-drill drill ichithwa ngenxa ye-asymmetry ye-cut cut and insufficient rigidity of drill bit, umgca ophakathi komngxuma owenziweyo uya kuxutywa okanye uphazamiseke. Akunjalo, kodwa i-diameter yomngxuma ayitshintshanga; ngokuchaseneyo, kwindlela yokugaya apho i-workpiece ijikeleziswa khona, ukuphambuka kwe-drill bit kuya kubangela ukuba ububanzi bomngxuma butshintshe, ngelixa i-centerline yomngxuma isathe tye.
Izixhobo zokomba ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka: i-twist drill, i-drill yeziko, i-drill ye-drill ejulile, njl.
Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kolwakhiwo, ukugoba ukugoba kunye nobungqongqo bokugoba bentwana yokubhora zombini ziphantsi, zidibene nokungaqondi kakuhle, ukuchaneka kokomba kuphantsi, kufikelela kuphela kwi-IT13 ~ IT11; uburhabaxa bomphezulu bukwakhulu, kwaye iRa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-50 ~ 12.5μm; kodwa isantya sokususa isinyithi sokugaya sikhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika kuphezulu. Ukugrumba kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukucubungula imingxuma enemfuno ezikumgangatho ophantsi, njengemingxuma yebholiti, imingxuma esezantsi ephothiweyo, imingxuma yeoli, njl.njl. Kwimingxuma enomatshini obuchanekileyo obuphezulu kunye neemfuno zomgangatho womphezulu, kufuneka zifezekiswe ngokuhlaziya, ukuhlaziya, ukudika okanye ukugaya ngaphakathi. oomatshini abalandelayo.
2. Ukuhlaziya
Ukuhlaziya enye yeendlela zokugqiba imingxuma, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso. Kwimingxunya emincinci, ukuphinda kuphinde kusetyenziswe indlela eyongayo nesebenzayo kunokusila kwangaphakathi kunye nokudika.
1. Umphenduli
IiReamers zohlulwe ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iireamers zezandla kunye neereamers zoomatshini. Umqheba we-rereamer wesandla sisiphatho esithe tye, inxalenye esebenzayo inde, kwaye umsebenzi okhokelayo ungcono. Umxhasi wezandla unezakhiwo ezibini zodidi oludityanisiweyo kunye nedayamitha yangaphandle ehlengahlengiswayo. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zomatshini wokubuyisela kwakhona, uhlobo lwe-shank kunye nohlobo lwemikhono. I-Reamers ayinakucubungula imingxuma esetyhula kuphela, kodwa kunye nemingxuma ye-taper inokucutshungulwa kunye ne-taper reamers.
2. Itekhnoloji yeReaming kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo
Isibonelelo sokubuyisela kwakhona sinempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho wokubuyisela kwakhona. Ukuba isibonelelo sikhulu kakhulu, umthwalo we-reamer mkhulu, umgca wokusika ukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, akulula ukufumana umgangatho owenziwe ngomatshini, kwaye ukunyamezela kwe-dimensional akulula ukuqinisekiswa; ukuba isibonelelo sincinci kakhulu, Ukuba iimpawu zesixhobo ezishiywe yinkqubo yangaphambili azikwazi ukususwa, ngokwemvelo ayiyi kuphucula umgangatho wokucubungula umngxuma. Ngokubanzi, isibonelelo sehinge erhabaxa yi-0.35 ~ 0.15mm, kwaye ihenjisi ecolekileyo yi-01.5 ~ 0.05mm.
Ukuze ugweme ukubunjwa kwe-edge eyakhiweyo, ukuhlaziya ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngesantya esisezantsi sokusika (v <8m / min kwi-high-speed steel reamers yensimbi kunye nentsimbi). Ixabiso lokutya linxulumene nendawo yokuvula ukuze iqhutywe. Okukhona kuvuleka indawo enkulu, kokukhona ixabiso lesondlo. Xa i-high-speed steel reamer isebenza ngentsimbi kunye nentsimbi, isondlo sivame ukuba yi-0.3 ~ 1mm / r.
Xa imingxuma iphinda ilungiswa, kufuneka ipholiswe, ithanjiswe kwaye icocwe ngolwelo olufanelekileyo lokusika ukuthintela ukwakhiwa kunye nokususa iitshiphusi ngexesha. Xa kuthelekiswa nokusila kunye nokudika, ukubuyisela kwakhona kunemveliso ephezulu kwaye kulula ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka komngxuma; nangona kunjalo, ukubuyisela kwakhona akunakulungisa impazamo yendawo ye-axis yomngxuma, kwaye ukuchaneka kwendawo yomngxuma kufuneka kuqinisekiswe yinkqubo yangaphambili. Imingxuma enyathelweyo kunye nemingxuma eyimfama ayifanelekanga ukuphinda ibuyiselwe.
Ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional of the reming hole ngokuqhelekileyo IT9~IT7, kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu i-Ra ngokuqhelekileyo yi-3.2 ~ 0.8. Kwimingxuma ephakathi kunye neemfuneko ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo (ezifana ne-IT7-level echanekileyo yemingxuma), inkqubo yokugaya-yokwandisa-i-reaming yinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokucubungula esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso.
3. Kuyadika
Ukudika yindlela yokucubungula esebenzisa izixhobo zokusika ukukhulisa imingxuma eyenziwe ngaphambili. Umsebenzi odinisayo unokuqhutywa kumatshini odikayo okanye i-lathe.
1. Indlela ekruqulayo
Kukho iindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zomatshini wokukruqula.
1) Umsebenzi ojikelezayo kwaye isixhobo siyatya. Uninzi lwento ekruqulayo kwi-lathe yeyale ndlela ikruqulayo. Iimpawu zenkqubo zezi: umgca we-axis womngxuma emva komatshini uhambelana ne-axis ejikelezayo ye-workpiece, ukujikeleza komngxuma ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke ekujikelezweni kokuchaneka kwesixhobo sokuphotha somatshini, kunye nempazamo yejometri ye-axial yomngxuma ubukhulu becala ixhomekeke. kwisalathiso sokutya kwesixhobo esinxulumene ne-axis ejikelezayo ye-workpiece. ukuchaneka kwesikhundla. Le ndlela ekruqulayo ilungele ukusetyenzwa kwemingxuma eneemfuno ze-coaxiality kunye nomphezulu wangaphandle.
2) Isixhobo sijikeleza kwaye i-workpiece yenza intshukumo yokutya. I-spindle yomatshini odikayo iqhuba isixhobo esikruqulayo ukujikeleza, kwaye i-worktable iqhuba i-workpiece ukwenza intshukumo yokutya.
3) Xa isixhobo sijikeleza kwaye senza ukunyakaza kokutya, olu hlobo lwendlela ekruqulayo lusetyenziselwa ukudika. Ubude be-overhang ye-bar enesithukuthezi iyatshintshwa, kwaye amandla kunye ne-deformation ye-bar enesithukuthezi nayo itshintshiwe. I-diameter yomngxuma incinci, yenza umngxuma odibeneyo. Ukongeza, ubude be-overhang ye-bar boring buyanda, kwaye i-deformation yokugoba ye-shaft ephambili ngenxa yobunzima bayo nayo iyanda, kwaye i-axis yomngxuma owenziwe ngomatshini iya kugoba ngokufanelekileyo. Le ndlela ekruqulayo ifanelekile kuphela kwimingxuma emfutshane.
2. Idayimani iyadika
Xa kuthelekiswa nokukruqula okuqhelekileyo, idayimani idikile ibonakaliswe sisixa esincinci sokusika umva, ukutya okuncinci, kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokusika. Iyakwazi ukufumana ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwe-machining (IT7~IT6) kunye nomphezulu ogudileyo kakhulu (Ra yi-0.4~ 0.05). Idayimani ekruqulayo yayisenziwa ekuqaleni ngezixhobo zedayimani ezikruqulayo, kwaye ngoku ilungiswa ngokubanzi ngekhabhide enesamente, i-CBN kunye nezixhobo zedayimani zokwenziwa. Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwentsimbi engasebenziyo, kodwa isetyenziselwa ukulungisa intsimbi kunye nentsimbi.
Ubuninzi bokusika obusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-diamond boring yile: ukubuyisela umva we-pre-boring ngu-0.2 ~ 0.6mm, kwaye i-boring yokugqibela yi-0.1mm; izinga lokutya ngu-0.01 ~ 0.14mm / r; isantya sokusika yi-100 ~ 250m / min xa usenza i-iron cast cast, kunye ne-machining 150 ~ 300m / min yentsimbi, i-300 ~ 2000m / min yokulungiswa kweentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-diamond boring inokufezekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwe-machining kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, isixhobo somatshini (i-Diamond boring machine) esetyenzisiweyo kufuneka sibe nokuchaneka okuphezulu kwejometri kunye nokuqina. I-shaft ephambili yesixhobo somatshini idla ngokuxhaswa ngokuchaneka kwebhola ye-angular okanye i-hydrostatic sliding bearings, kunye neendawo ezijikelezayo ezijikelezayo. Imele ilungelelaniswe ngokuchanekileyo; ukongeza, ukuhamba kwendlela yokutya kufuneka kuzinze kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-worktable inokwenza intshukumo ezinzileyo kunye nesantya esisezantsi.
Idayimani ekruqulayo inomgangatho wokusetyenzwa kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekusetyenzweni kokugqibela kwemingxunya echanekileyo kwimveliso yobuninzi, njengemingxuma ye-injini yesilinda, imingxuma yepiston yepiston, kunye nemingxuma yokusonta kwiibhokisi zokusonta zesixhobo somatshini. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa usebenzisa idayimani ekruqulayo ukucubungula iimveliso zesinyithi, izixhobo ezikruqulayo kuphela ezenziwe ngesamente ye-carbide kunye ne-CBN zingasetyenziswa, kwaye izixhobo ezidikayo ezenziwe ngedayimani azinakusetyenziswa, kuba iiathom zekhabhoni kwidayimani zinobudlelwane obukhulu. ngezinto zeqela lentsimbi. , ubomi besixhobo buphantsi.
3. Isixhobo esikruqulayo
Izixhobo ezikruqulayo zinokwahlulwa zibe zizixhobo ezikruqulayo zomphetho omnye kunye nezixhobo ezidikayo eziphindwe kabini.
4. Iimpawu zobuchwepheshe kunye noluhlu lwesicelo sokukruqula
Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo ye-drilling-expanding-reaming, ububanzi bomngxuma abukhawulelwanga ngobukhulu besixhobo, kwaye i-boring inamandla amakhulu okulungisa impazamo. Imiphezulu ekruqulayo kunye nokubeka indawo igcina ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwendawo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nesangqa sangaphandle umngxuma ekruqulayo, ngenxa yobungqongqo amahlwempu kunye deformation enkulu isixhobo umnini isixhobo, ukuchithwa ubushushu kunye neemeko ukususwa chip ayilunganga, kunye deformation thermal of workpiece kunye nesixhobo kakhulu ngokwentelekiso. Umgangatho womatshini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yomngxuma odikayo awukho phezulu njengesangqa sangaphandle. .
Ngokusekwe kolu hlalutyo lungasentla, kunokubonwa ukuba ukukruqula kunoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenzwa, kwaye kunokuqhuba imingxunya yobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuchaneka. Kwimingxuma kunye neenkqubo zomngxunya ezinobubanzi obukhulu kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka komgangatho ophezulu kunye neendawo, ukudika phantse kukuphela kokulungiswa. indlela. Ukuchaneka komatshini wokukruqula yi-IT9~IT7, kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu uRa yi. Ukudinwa kunokwenziwa kwizixhobo zoomatshini ezinje ngoomatshini abadikayo, iileyile, kunye noomatshini bokusila. Ineenzuzo zokuguquguquka kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso. Kwimveliso eninzi yeCNC Machining iindawo, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle okukruqulayo, ukufa okukruqulayo kuhlala kusetyenziswa.
4. imingxuma yokulola
1. Umgaqo wokuhlonipha kunye nentloko yokuhlonitshwa
I-Honing yindlela yokugqiba umngxuma ngentloko ye-honing ngentonga yokusila (whitstone). Ngexesha lokugcoba, i-workpiece igxininiswe, kwaye intloko ye-honing iqhutywe yi-spindle yomatshini ukujikeleza kunye nokwenza ukunyakaza okuhambelanayo. Kwinkqubo ye-honing, i-bar yokugaya yenza phezu kwendawo yokusebenza kunye noxinzelelo oluthile, kwaye inqumle umgca omncinci kakhulu wezinto eziphathekayo ukusuka kumphezulu womsebenzi, kwaye i-trajectory yokusika i-mesh enqamlekileyo. Ukuze wenze umkhondo wentshukumo yeenkozo ezirhabaxa zentlabathi ungaphindi, ukuguqulwa ngomzuzu kwentshukumo ejikelezayo yentloko yentloko kunye nenani lemivumbo ephindaphindayo ngomzuzu wentloko yentloko kufuneka ibe ngamanani aphambili omnye komnye.
I-engile yokunqumla i-engile Umfanekiso wengoma ye-honing inxulumene nesantya esiphindaphindayo Umfanekiso kunye nesantya se-peripheral Umfanekiso wentloko yokuhombisa. Ubungakanani be-engile yoMfanekiso buchaphazela umgangatho wokucubungula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-honing. Ngokubanzi, i-Image ° isetyenziselwa ukuhombisa ngokurhabaxa, kwaye i-Image ° isetyenziselwa ukuhombisa kakuhle. Ukuze kuququzelelwe ukukhutshwa kwee-particle abrasive abrasive and chips, ukunciphisa ubushushu bokusika kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokucubungula, ulwelo olwaneleyo lokusika kufuneka lusetyenziswe ngexesha le-honing.
Ukuze wenze udonga lomngxuma lucutshungulwe ngokufanayo, ukubetha kwe-sand bar kufuneka kudlule inani eligqithisiweyo kwiiphelo zombini zomngxuma. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe isibonelelo sokuhomba esifanayo kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yempazamo yokujikeleza kwesixhobo somatshini ekuchanekeni komatshini, uninzi lweentloko zokuhombisa kunye nezixhobo zokuphotha zomatshini zidityaniswe ngokudada.
Ukwandiswa kwe-radial kunye nokulungiswa kwe-contraction ye-honing head grinding bar ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo ezifana ne-manual, i-pneumatic kunye ne-hydraulic.
2. Iimpawu zenkqubo kunye noluhlu lwesicelo se-honing
I-1) I-Honing inokufumana ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka kwemilo. Ukuchaneka komatshini yi-IT7~IT6. Ubungqukuva kunye neempazamo ze-cylindricity zemingxuma zinokulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu, kodwa ukuhonjiswa akunakuphucula ukuchaneka kwendawoCNC oomatshini iindawo'imingxuma.
I-2) I-Honing inokufumana umgangatho ophezulu womphezulu, uburhabaxa bomphezulu u-Ra nguMfanekiso, kunye nobunzulu be-metamorphic defect layer of the surface metal incinci kakhulu (Umfanekiso).
3) Xa kuthelekiswa nesantya sokugaya, nangona isantya se-peripheral sentloko ye-honing asiphezulu (vc = 16 ~ 60m / min), kodwa ngenxa yendawo enkulu yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwebar yesanti kunye ne-workpiece, isantya esibuyiselayo siphezulu kakhulu. (va=8~20m/min). min), ke ukuhoya kusenemveliso ephezulu.
I-Honing isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumatshini wemingxuma yesilinda ye-injini kunye nemingxuma echanekileyo kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hydraulic kwimveliso yobuninzi. Nangona kunjalo, i-honing ayifanelekanga ukusetyenzwa kwemingxuma kwizinto zokusebenza zetsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous kunye neplastiki enkulu, kwaye ingakwazi ukucubungula imingxuma ene-grooves engundoqo, imingxuma ye-spline, njl.
5. Tsala umngxuma
1. Ukubhula kunye nokukhangela
I-Hole broaching yindlela yokugqiba evelisa kakhulu eyenziwa kumatshini wokucoca nge-broach ekhethekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zebhedi yokufunxa: ibhedi ehonjisiweyo exwebileyo kunye nebhedi yokuqhafaza ethe nkqo, enebhedi yokuqhafaza ethe tyaba iyeyona ixhaphakileyo.
Xa i-broach, i-broach yenza kuphela i-low-speed linear motion (intshukumo engundoqo). Inani lamazinyo e-broach esebenza ngexesha elifanayo kufuneka ngokuqhelekileyo lingabi ngaphantsi kwe-3, ngaphandle koko i-broach ayiyi kusebenza kakuhle, kwaye kulula ukuvelisa i-annular ripples phezu kwendawo yokusebenza. Ukuze kuthintelwe i-broach ukuba ingaphumi ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwamandla okugqithisa, xa i-broach isebenza, inani lamazinyo asebenzayo akufanele lidlule kwi-6 ukuya kwi-8.
Kukho iindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ze-broaching, ezichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(1) I-Layered broaching Uphawu lwale ndlela yokuqhafaza kukuba i-broach inqumla i-workpiece machining allowance layer ngokomaleko ngokulandelelana. Ukuze kube lula ukuqhawuka kwetshiphu, amazinyo okusika acolwa ngemijelo yokwahlula itshiphu egxadazayo. I-broach eyenzelwe ngokwendlela yokuqhafaza elayitiweyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-broach eqhelekileyo.
(2) Ibhloko yebhloko Le ndlela yokukrola ibonakala ngokuba umaleko ngamnye wentsimbi kumphezulu womatshini uquka iqela lamazinyo anobukhulu obufanayo kodwa amazinyo agxadazelayo (ngokuqhelekileyo iqela ngalinye linamazinyo ama-2-3) asusiwe. Izinyo ngalinye linqumla kuphela inxalenye yomaleko wesinyithi. I-broach eyenzelwe ngokwendlela yebhloko yokubhula ibizwa ngokuba yi-wheel-cut broach.
(3) I-broaching ebanzi Le ndlela igxininisa iingenelo zokuqhafaza okweleyile kunye nokwahlulahlulwe. Inxalenye yezinyo elirhabaxa ithatha i-broaching ecandekileyo, kwaye inxalenye yezinyo elicolekileyo ithatha i-broaching. Ngale ndlela, ubude be-broach bunokufinyezwa, imveliso inokuphuculwa, kwaye umgangatho ongcono wendawo unokufumaneka. I-broach eyenzelwe ngokwendlela ebanzi yokuqhafaza ibizwa ngokuba yi-comprehensive broach.
2. Iimpawu zenkqubo kunye nobubanzi besicelo sokutsala umngxuma
I-1) I-broach sisixhobo esine-multi-blade, esinokugqibezela ngokulandelelana ukugoba, ukugqiba kunye nokugqiba umngxuma kwi-stroke enye ye-broaching, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwemveliso.
2) Ukuchaneka kwe-broaching ikakhulu kuxhomekeke ekuchanekeni kwe-broach. Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ukuchaneka kwe-broaching kunokufikelela kwi-IT9 ~ IT7, kunye nobukhulu bomhlaba uRa unokufikelela kwi-6.3 ~ 1.6 μm.
3) Xa utsala umngxuma, i-workpiece ibekwe ngumgodi owenziwe ngomatshini ngokwawo (indawo ehamba phambili ye-broach yinto yokubeka indawo yomsebenzi), kwaye akulula ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwesikhundla somngxuma kunye nezinye iindawo; Ekulungiseni amalungu omzimba, imingxuma idla ngokutsalwa kuqala, emva koko eminye imiphezulu yenziwe ngoomatshini kusetyenziswa imingxuma njengesalathiso sokubeka.
I-4) I-broach ayikwazi kuphela ukucubungula imingxuma ejikelezileyo, kodwa yenza imingxuma kunye nemigodi ye-spline.
I-5) I-broach sisixhobo esisisigxina esinemilo enzima kunye nexabiso eliphezulu, elingafanelanga ukucubungula imingxuma emikhulu.
Imingxuma yokubhoboza isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso yobuninzi ukucubungula imingxuma kwiindawo ezincinci kunye neziphakathi kunye nobubanzi be-Ф10 ~ 80mm kunye nobunzulu bomgodi obungadluli amaxesha angama-5 ububanzi bomngxuma.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-26-2022