1. Fumana ubunzulu obuncinci ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yetrigonometric
Kushishino lomatshini oluchanekileyo, sihlala sisebenza kunye namalungu anezangqa zangaphakathi nangaphandle ezifuna ukuchaneka kwinqanaba lesibini. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezinjengokusika ubushushu kunye nokungqubana phakathi kwendawo yokusebenza kunye nesixhobo kunokukhokelela ekunxibeni kwesixhobo. Ukongeza, ukuphinda ukuchaneka kokubeka indawo yomphathi wesixhobo sesikwere kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wemveliso egqityiweyo.
Ukujongana nomngeni we-micro-deepening echanekileyo, sinokusebenzisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwecala elichaseneyo kunye ne-hypotenuse yonxantathu ochanekileyo ngexesha lokujika. Ngokulungelelanisa i-angle yomphathi wesixhobo se-longitudinal njengoko kuyimfuneko, sinokufikelela ngokufanelekileyo ulawulo olulungileyo phezu kobunzulu obunqamlekileyo besixhobo sokuguqula. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ixesha kunye nomgudu kodwa iphucula umgangatho wemveliso kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi.
Ngokomzekelo, ixabiso lesikali sesixhobo siphumle kwi-C620 lathe yi-0.05 mm ngegridi nganye. Ukufezekisa ubunzulu obusecaleni be-0.005 mm, sinokubhekisela kumsebenzi we-sine trigonometric. Ukubala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: sinα = 0.005/0.05 = 0.1, oku kuthetha ukuba α = 5º44′. Ngoko ke, ngokumisela ukuphumla kwesixhobo kwi-5º44′, nayiphi na intshukumo ye-longitudinal engraving disk ngegridi enye iya kubangela ukulungiswa kwecala le-0.005 mm kwisixhobo sokuguqula.
2. Imizekelo emithathu yokuReverse Turning Technology Application
Imveliso yexesha elide ibonise ukuba iteknoloji yokusika umva inokuvelisa iziphumo ezigqwesileyo kwiinkqubo ezithile zokuguqula.
(1) Umsonto wokusika umva yintsimbi yemartensitic
Xa machining workpieces yangaphakathi nangaphandle threaded kunye pitches of 1.25 kunye 1.75 mm, amaxabiso iziphumo ayahlulahlulwa ngenxa yokuthabatha lathe screw pitch ukusuka pitch workpiece. Ukuba intambo yenziwe ngomatshini ngokuphakamisa isiphatho se-nut yokukhwela ukurhoxisa isixhobo, ihlala ikhokelela kwintambo engahambelaniyo. Iileyile eziqhelekileyo zidla ngokuswela iidiski zokuthunga ngokungakhethiyo, kwaye ukwenza iseti enjalo kunokutya ixesha.
Ngenxa yoko, indlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo kwimisonto yobuchwephesha yale pitch kukujika okuya phambili okunesantya esisezantsi. I-high-speed threading ayivumeli ixesha elaneleyo lokurhoxisa isixhobo, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphantsi kokuveliswa kunye nomngcipheko okhulayo wokutshiza isixhobo ngexesha lokuguqula. Lo mbandela ubuchaphazela kakhulu uburhabaxa bomphezulu, ngakumbi xa kusetyenzwa imathiriyeli yentsimbi engenakutyiwa njenge-1Cr13 kunye ne-2Cr13 ngesantya esisezantsi ngenxa yokutshixiza kwesixhobo esichaziweyo.
Ukujongana nale mingeni, indlela yokusika "entathu-reverse" iye yaphuhliswa ngamava okusebenza. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukulayishwa kwesixhobo esibuyela umva, ukusika umva, kunye nokondla isixhobo kwelinye icala. Ifezekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika jikelele kwaye ivumela ukusika intambo yesantya esiphezulu, njengoko isixhobo sihamba ukusuka kwesobunxele ukuya ekunene ukuphuma kwi-workpiece. Ngenxa yoko, le ndlela iyayiphelisa imiba ngokurhoxiswa kwesixhobo ngexesha lokutsalwa ngesantya esiphezulu. Indlela ethile yile ilandelayo:
Phambi kokuba uqalise ukusetyenzwa, qinisa kancinane ipleyiti yokuphotha ebuyela umva ukuqinisekisa isantya esisiso xa uqala umva. Ukulungelelanisa i-thread cutter kwaye uyikhusele ngokuqinisa i-nut yokuvula kunye nokuvala. Qala ukujikeleza phambili kwisantya esiphantsi kude kube i-groove ye-cutter ingenanto, uze ufake i-thread-turning tool kwi-deep cutting deep and reverse direction. Ngeli xesha, isixhobo sokuguqula kufuneka sihambe ukusuka kwesobunxele ukuya ekunene ngesantya esiphezulu. Emva kokwenza amanxeba amaninzi ngolu hlobo, uya kufumana intambo enoburhabaxa obuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu.
(2) Ukuguqa umva
Kwinkqubo yemveli yokuguqa phambili, iifayili zentsimbi kunye nobutyobo zinokubanjwa ngokulula phakathi kwesixhobo sokusebenza kunye nesixhobo sokugquma. Le meko inokukhokelela ekubeni kusetyenziswe amandla agqithisileyo kumsebenzi wokusebenza, okukhokelela kwimiba efana nokungahambi kakuhle kweepateni, ukutyunyuzwa kweepateni, okanye ukuphosa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusebenzisa indlela entsha ye-reverse knurling kunye ne-lathe spindle ejikelezayo ngokuthe tye, izinto ezininzi ezingalunganga ezinxulumene nokusebenza kwangaphambili zinokuphetshwa ngokufanelekileyo, okukhokelela kwisiphumo esingcono.
(3) Ukubuyisela umva ukujika kwemisonto ye taper yangaphakathi nangaphandle
Xa uguqula imisonto ye-taper yangaphakathi kunye yangaphandle kunye neemfuno ezichanekileyo ezisezantsi kunye neebhetshi ezincinci zemveliso, ungasebenzisa indlela entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi-reverse cut ngaphandle kwesidingo sesixhobo sokufa. Ngelixa usika, unokusebenzisa amandla anqamlezileyo kwisixhobo ngesandla sakho. Kwimisonto ye taper yangaphandle, oku kuthetha ukuhambisa isixhobo ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene. La mandla asecaleni anceda ukulawula ubunzulu bokusika ngokufanelekileyo njengoko uqhubela phambili ukusuka kwidayamitha enkulu ukuya kububanzi obuncinci. Isizathu sokuba le ndlela isebenze ngokufanelekileyo kungenxa yoxinzelelo lwangaphambili olusetyenziswayo xa ubetha isixhobo. Ukusetyenziswa kobu buchwephesha bokusebenza okubuyela umva ekuguquleni ukusetyenzwa kuya kusanda kwaye kunokuhlengahlengiswa ngokuguquguqukayo ukuze kuhambelane neemeko ezithile ezahlukeneyo.
3. Indlela entsha yokusebenza kunye nokutsha kwesixhobo sokugrumba imingxuma emincinci
Xa imingxuma yokubhoboza encinci kune-0.6 mm, ububanzi obuncinci be-drill bit, idibaniswe nokuqina okungahambi kakuhle kunye nesantya esisezantsi sokusika, kunokubangela ukuchasana okukhulu kokusika, ngakumbi xa usebenza nge-alloys enganyangekiyo ubushushu kunye nensimbi engenasici. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenzisa isondlo sothumelo ngoomatshini kwezi meko kunokukhokelela ngokulula ekuqhekezeni i-drill bit.
Ukujongana nalo mba, isixhobo esilula nesisebenzayo kunye nendlela yokondla ngesandla ingasetyenziswa. Okokuqala, lungisa i-drill chuck yokuqala ibe luhlobo oluthe nkqo lwe-shank. Xa usetyenziswa, yibambe ngokukhuselekileyo intwana yokomba kwichuck edadayo, nto leyo evumela ukomba olugudileyo. I-shank ethe tye ye-drill bit ingena ngokufanelekileyo kumkhono wokutsala, okwenza ukuba uhambe ngokukhululekileyo.
Xa ugrumba imingxunya emincinci, unokubamba ngobunono i-drill chuck ngesandla sakho ukuze ufezekise i-micro-feeding. Obu buchule buvumela ukugrunjwa ngokukhawuleza kwemingxuma emincinci ngelixa kuqinisekiswa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-drill bit. I-chuck ye-drill eguquliweyo eneenjongo ezininzi inokusetyenziselwa ukucofa imisonto yangaphakathi ene-diameter encinci, imingxuma yokubuyisela, kunye nokunye. Ukuba umngxuma omkhulu ufuna ukugrunjwa, isikhonkwane somda sinokufakwa phakathi komkhono wokutsala kunye ne-shank eqondileyo (jonga uMzobo 3).
4. I-Anti-vibration yokucubungula umngxuma onzulu
Ekuqhubeni umngxuma onzulu, i-diameter encinci yomngxuma kunye noyilo olubhityileyo lwesixhobo esikruqulayo lwenza ukuba kungenakuphepheka ukuba ukungcangcazela kwenzeke xa ujika iindawo ezinzulu zomngxuma kunye nobubanzi be-Φ30-50mm kunye nobunzulu obumalunga ne-1000mm. Ukunciphisa oku kungcangcazela kwesixhobo, enye yezona ndlela zilula kunye nezona zisebenzayo kukuncamathelisa izixhaso ezimbini ezenziwe kwizinto ezifana ne-bakelite eyomelezwe ngelaphu kumzimba wesixhobo. Ezi zixhasi kufuneka zibe yi-diameter efanayo nomngxuma. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokusika, i-bakelite eqiniswe ngelaphu ixhasa inika indawo kunye nokuzinza, okunceda ukuthintela isixhobo ukuba singadlidliza, okukhokelela kwiindawo ezinzulu zomngxuma onzulu.
5. Ukunqanda ukuqhekezwa kwee-drills ezincinci zeziko
Ekuguquleni ukuguqulwa, xa ubhobhoza umngxuma weziko elincinci kune-1.5 mm (Φ1.5 mm), i-drill yeziko ilungele ukuphuka. Indlela elula nesebenzayo yokuthintela ukophuka kukuphepha ukutshixa i-tailstock ngelixa ubhobhoza umngxuma ophakathi. Endaweni yoko, vumela ubunzima be-tailstock ukuba benze ukungqubana kumphezulu webhedi yesixhobo somatshini njengoko umngxuma ugrunjwa. Ukuba ukuchasana kokusika kuba kuninzi, i-tailstock iya kubuyela ngasemva ngokuzenzekelayo, inikeze ukhuseleko kwi-drill center.
6. Iteknoloji yokucubungula "O" uhlobo lwe-rubber mold
Xa usebenzisa i-"O" uhlobo lwe-rubber mold, ukungahambi kakuhle phakathi kobudoda kunye nowesifazane ngumba oqhelekileyo. Oku kungahambi kakuhle kunokuphazamisa imilo yeringi yerabha ecinezelweyo "O" njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4, okukhokelela kwinkunkuma ebalulekileyo.
Emva kweemvavanyo ezininzi, le ndlela ilandelayo inokuvelisa ngokusisiseko i-"O"-shaped mold ehlangabezana neemfuno zobugcisa.
(1) Ubuchwephesha bokulungisa ukungunda kwamadoda
① I-Fine Fine-jika imilinganiselo yecandelo ngalinye kunye ne-45 ° bevel ngokomzobo.
② Faka i-R yokwenza imela, hambisa isibambi semela esincinci kwi-45 °, kwaye indlela yokulungelelanisa imela iboniswe kuMfanekiso 5.
Ngokomzobo, xa isixhobo se-R sikwindawo engu-A, isixhobo sinxibelelana nesangqa sangaphandle D kunye nenqaku loqhagamshelwano C. Hambisa isilayidi esikhulu kumgama kwicala lotolo olunye emva koko uhambise isibambi sesixhobo esithe tye X kwicala. yotolo 2. X ibalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
X=(Dd)/2+(R-Rsin45°)
=(Dd)/2+(R-0.7071R)
=(Dd)/2+0.2929R
(okt 2X=D—d+0.2929Φ).
Emva koko, hambisa isilayidi esikhulu kwicala lotolo lwesithathu ukuze isixhobo se-R siqhagamshelane ne-45 ° slope. Ngeli xesha, isixhobo sikwindawo esembindini (oko kukuthi, isixhobo se-R sikwindawo B).
③ Shenxisa isibambi sesixhobo esincinci kwicala lotolo 4 ukukrola umngxuma R, kwaye ubunzulu besondlo yi-Φ/2.
Qaphela ① Xa isixhobo se-R sikwindawo B:
∵OC=R, OD=Rsin45°=0.7071R
∴CD=OC-OD=R-0.7071R=0.2929R,
④ Ubungakanani be-X bunokulawulwa nge-block gauge, kwaye umlinganiselo we-R unokulawulwa ngesalathisi sokudayela ukulawula ubunzulu.
(2) Ukucubungula iteknoloji yesikhunta esibi
① Yenza imilinganiselo yecandelo ngalinye ngokweemfuno zoMfanekiso 6 (ubungakanani bomgodi abulungiswanga).
② Gaya i-bevel ye-45 ° kunye nesiphelo somgangatho.
③ Faka isixhobo sokwenza i-R kwaye ulungelelanise isibambi sesixhobo esincinci kwi-angle ye-45 ° (yenza uhlengahlengiso olunye ukusetyenzwa kokubumba okuhle kunye nokungalunganga). Xa isixhobo sika-R sibekwe ku-A′, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 6, qinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sinxibelelana nesangqa esingaphandle D kwindawo yoqhagamshelwano C. Emva koko, hambisa isilayidi esikhulu kwicala lotolo 1 ukuqhawula isixhobo kwisangqa esingaphandle. D, kwaye emva koko shenxisa isibambi sesixhobo esithe tye kwicala lotolo 2. Umgama X ubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
X=d+(Dd)/2+CD
=d+(Dd)/2+(R-0.7071R)
=d+(Dd)/2+0.2929R
(okt 2X=D+d+0.2929Φ)
Emva koko, hambisa isilayidi esikhulu kwicala lotolo lwesithathu de isixhobo se-R siqhagamshelane ne-45 ° bevel. Ngeli xesha, isixhobo sikwindawo esembindini (oko kukuthi, indawo B′ kuMfanekiso 6).
④ Hambisa isibambi sesixhobo esincinci kwicala lotolo 4 ukusika umngxuma R, kwaye ubunzulu besondlo yi-Φ/2.
Qaphela: ①∵DC=R, OD=Rsin45°=0.7071R
∴CD=0.2929R,
⑤Ubungakanani be-X bunokulawulwa nge-block gauge, kwaye umlinganiselo we-R unokulawulwa ngesalathisi sokudayela ukulawula ubunzulu.
7. I-Anti-vibration xa ujika ama-workpieces abhityileyo
Ngexesha lokujika kwe-thin-wallediindawo zokuphosa, iintshukumo zidla ngokuvela ngenxa yokungaqini kwazo. Lo mbandela ucaciswa ngakumbi xa kusetyenzwa intsimbi engatyiwayo kunye nealloyi ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu, nto leyo ekhokelela kuburhabaxa obugqithisileyo bomgangatho kunye nobomi besixhobo obufutshane. Apha ngezantsi kukho iindlela ezithe ngqo zokuchasa ukungcangcazela ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwimveliso.
1. Ukuguqula i-Outer Circle ye-Stainless Steel Hollow Slender Tubes **: Ukunciphisa ii-vibrations, gcwalisa icandelo elingenalutho le-workpiece nge-sawdust kwaye uyitywine ngokuqinileyo. Ukongezelela, sebenzisa iiplagi ze-bakelite eziqiniswe ngelaphu ukuze utywine iziphelo zombini ze-workpiece. Buyisela iinzipho inkxaso kwindawo yokuphumla isixhobo kunye neemelon inkxaso eyenziwe ngelaphu-yoqiniswa bakelite. Emva kokulungelelanisa i-arc efunekayo, unokuqhubeka nokujika intonga encinci. Le ndlela inciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcangcazela kunye nokuguqulwa ngexesha lokusika.
2. Ukuguqula uMngxuma oNgaphakathi we-Heat-Restant (i-Nickel-Chromium ephezulu) i-alloy Thin-Walled Workpieces **: Ngenxa yobunzima bobulukhuni bezi zixhobo zokusebenza ezidityaniswe ne-toolbar ebhityileyo, i-resonance enzima ingenzeka ngexesha lokusika, umngcipheko wokulimala kwesixhobo kunye nokuvelisa. inkcitho. Ukusonga isangqa sangaphandle se-workpiece kunye nezinto eziphazamisayo, ezifana nemicu yerabha okanye izipontshi, kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukungcangcazela kunye nokukhusela isixhobo.
3. Ukuguqula i-Outer Circle ye-Heat-Resistant Alloy-Resistant Sleeve Workpieces **: Ukuxhatshazwa okuphezulu kokusika kwee-alloys ezichasene nokushisa kunokukhokelela ekuxubeni kunye nokuguqulwa ngexesha lokusika. Ukulwa nale nto, gcwalisa umngxuma wokusebenza ngezinto ezifana nerabha okanye intambo yomqhaphu, kwaye ubambe ngokukhuselekileyo ubuso bobabini bokuphela. Le ndlela ikhusela ngokufanelekileyo ukungcangcazela kunye nokuguqulwa, ivumela ukuveliswa kwezinto zokusebenza ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinodonga oluncinci.
8. Isixhobo sokubambelela kwiidiski ezimilise okwediskhi
Icandelo elimilise idiskhi liyinxalenye enodonga olucekethekileyo equkethe iibevels ezimbini. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokujika okwesibini, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba imilo kunye nokunyamezela isikhundla kudibene kunye nokukhusela nayiphi na i-deformation ye-workpiece ngexesha lokudibanisa kunye nokusika. Ukufezekisa oku, unokwenza isethi elula yezixhobo zokubethelela ngokwakho.
Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa i-bevel ukusuka kwinyathelo langaphambili lokucwangcisa indawo. Ingxenye ye-disc-shaped ikhuselekile kwesi sixhobo esilula usebenzisa i-nut kwi-bevel yangaphandle, evumela ukujika kwe-arc radius (R) ekupheleni kobuso, umgodi, kunye ne-bevel yangaphandle, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 7 ehamba kunye.
9. Precision edikayo enkulu ububanzi ethambileyo imihlathi limiter
Xa ujika kwaye ubamba izinto zokusebenza ezichanekileyo ezinobubanzi obukhulu, kubalulekile ukunqanda imihlathi emithathu ukuba ingaguquki ngenxa yezithuba. Ukufezekisa oku, ibha ehambelana nobubanzi be-workpiece kufuneka ifakwe ngaphambili emva kwemihlathi emithathu ngaphambi kokuba naluphi na uhlengahlengiso lwenziwe kwimihlathi ethambileyo.
Ukuchaneka kwethu okwakhelwe ngokwesiko okudikayo kwidayamitha enkulu ethambileyo yesithinteli somhlathi sineempawu ezizodwa (jonga uMfanekiso 8). Ngokukodwa, i-screws ezintathu kwinxalenye yeNombolo ye-1 inokulungelelaniswa ngaphakathi kweplate ehleliweyo ukwandisa ububanzi, okusivumela ukuba sitshintshe imivalo yobukhulu obuhlukeneyo njengoko kufuneka.
10. Ukuchaneka okulula uzipho olongezelelweyo oluthambileyo
In ukuguqula inkqubo, sihlala sisebenza ngezixhobo zokusebenza ezichanekileyo eziphakathi nezincinci. La macandelo ahlala ebonisa iimilo ezintsonkothileyo zangaphakathi nangaphandle ezinemilo engqongqo kunye neemfuno zokunyamezelana kwesikhundla. Ukujongana nale nto, siye sayila iseti yeechuki zemihlathi emithathu yesiko kwiilathe, ezinje ngeC1616. Imihlathi echanekileyo echanekileyo iqinisekisa ukuba i-workpieces ihlangabezana nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokuma kunye neendawo zokunyamezela, ukuthintela nayiphi na i-pinching okanye i-deformation ngexesha lemisebenzi emininzi yokudibanisa.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwale mihlathi ethambileyo echanekileyo ithe ngqo. Zenziwe kwiintonga ze-aluminium alloy kwaye zigrunjwe kwiinkcukacha. Umngxuma wesiseko wenziwa kwisangqa sangaphandle, kunye nemicu ye-M8 efakwe kuyo. Emva kokusila macala omabini, imihlathi ethambileyo inokufakwa kwimihlathi eqinileyo yokuqala ye-chuck enemihlathi emithathu. Izikrufu ze-hexagon socket ezi-M8 zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela imihlathi emithathu endaweni. Ukulandela oku, sigrumba imingxunya yokubeka njengoko kufunekayo ukuze sibambe ngokuchanekileyo i-workpiece kwimihlathi ethambileyo ye-aluminiyam ngaphambi kokusika.
Ukuphumeza esi sisombululo kunokuvelisa iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 9.
11. Izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokulwa nokungcangcazela
Ngenxa yokuqina okuphantsi kwezinto zokusebenza zeshaft ezibhityileyo, ukungcangcazela kunokwenzeka ngokulula ngexesha lokusikwa kwe-multi-groove. Oku kubangela ukugqitywa komgangatho ombi kwi-workpiece kwaye kunokubangela umonakalo kwisixhobo sokusika. Nangona kunjalo, iseti yezixhobo ezichasene ne-vibration ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zinokujongana ngokufanelekileyo nemiba yokungcangcazela ehambelana neendawo ezibhityileyo ngexesha le-grooving (jonga uMfanekiso 10).
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise umsebenzi, faka isixhobo sokulwa ne-anti-vibration esenziwe ngokwakho kwindawo efanelekileyo kumnini wesixhobo sesikwere. Emva koko, faka isixhobo sokuguqula i-groove esifunekayo kwisibambi sesixhobo esikwere kwaye ulungise umgama wentwasahlobo kunye noxinzelelo. Nje ukuba yonke into ilungisiwe, ungaqala ukusebenza. Xa isixhobo sokuguqula sidibanisa ne-workpiece, isixhobo sokulwa ne-anti-vibration siya kucinezela ngaxeshanye kumphezulu we-workpiece, ngokufanelekileyo ukunciphisa ukunyakaza.
12. Ikepusi yeziko elongezelelweyo eliphilayo
Xa usenza iishafti ezincinci ezinemilo eyahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iziko eliphilayo ukubamba i-workpiece ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokusika. Ukususela ekupheleni kweiprototype CNC millingii-workpieces zihlala zinemilo eyahlukeneyo kunye needamitha ezincinci, amaziko aphilileyo asemgangathweni awafanelekanga. Ukujongana nalo mbandela, ndenze ii-caps ezihlala ziphila ngaphambili kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokuziqhelanisa kwam nemveliso. Ndiye ndafakela ezi caps kumanqaku aphambili aphilayo asemgangathweni, ndiwavumela ukuba asetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ulwakhiwo luboniswe kuMfanekiso we-11.
13. Ukuhlonitshwa kokugqitywa kwezinto ezinzima kumatshini
Xa machining izinto ezicelomngeni ezifana ne-alloys ephezulu yobushushu kunye nentsimbi eqinile, kubalulekile ukufezekisa uburhabaxa bomhlaba we-Ra 0.20 ukuya kwi-0.05 μm kunye nokugcina ukuchaneka komgangatho ophezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo yokugqibela yokugqiba iqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa i-grinder.
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho, cinga ngokudala isethi yezixhobo ezilula zokuhombisa kunye namavili okuhombisa. Ngokusebenzisa i-honing endaweni yokugqiba ukugaya kwi-lathe, unokufezekisa iziphumo ezingcono.
Ivili lokuhombisa
Ukwenziwa kwevili lokuhombisa
① Izithako
Isibophelelo: 100g epoxy resin
I-Abrasive: I-250-300g i-corundum (i-crystal corundum enye yezinto ezinzima-ukuqhuba ubushushu obuphezulu be-nickel-chromium). Sebenzisa No. 80 for Ra0.80μm, No. 120-150 Ra0.20μm, kunye No. 200-300 for Ra0.05μm.
I-Hardener: 7-8g ethylenediamine.
I-Plasticizer: 10-15g dibutyl phthalate.
Izinto zokubumba: HT15-33 imilo.
② Indlela yokuphosa
I-ejenti yokukhululwa kwe-mold: Fudumeza i-epoxy resin ukuya kwi-70-80 ℃, yongeza i-5% ye-polystyrene, i-95% yesisombululo se-toluene, kunye ne-dibutyl phthalate kwaye uvuselele ngokulinganayo, uze udibanise i-corundum (okanye i-crystal corundum enye) kwaye uvuselele ngokulinganayo, emva koko ushushu ukuya kwi-70-80. ℃, yongeza i-ethylenediamine xa ipholile ukuya kwi-30 ° -38℃, xuba ngokulinganayo (imizuzu emi-2-5), emva koko ugalele kwi-mold, kwaye uyigcine kwi-40 ℃ kwiiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokudiliza.
③ Isantya somgca \( V \) sinikwe ngefomula \( V = V_1 \cos \ alpha \). Apha, \( V \) imele isantya esihambelanayo kwisixhobo sokusebenza, ngokukodwa isantya sokusila xa ivili le-honing lingenzi ukutya okude. Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-honing, ngaphezu kokunyakaza okujikelezayo, i-workpiece ibuye iqhubele phambili kunye nemali yokutya \ ( S \), evumela ukuphindaphinda ukunyakaza.
V1=80～120m/mz
t=0.05～0.10mm
Intsalela <0.1mm
④ Ukupholisa: I-70% i-kerosene exutywe kunye ne-30% ye-oyile ye-injini ye-20, kunye nevili le-honing lilungiswa ngaphambi kokuba i-honing (pre-honing).
Ulwakhiwo lwesixhobo sokuhomba luboniswe kuMzobo we-13.
14. Ukulayisha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhulula i-spindle
Ekuguquleni ukuguqulwa, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseti zokuthwala zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa kakuhle izangqa zangaphandle kunye ne-angle ye-taper yesikhokelo esiguquliweyo. Ukunikezelwa kobukhulu bebhetshi enkulu, iinkqubo zokulayisha kunye nokukhupha ngexesha lemveliso kunokubangela amaxesha ancedisayo adlula ixesha lokusika langempela, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusebenzisa ukulayisha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhulula i-spindle kunye ne-blade enye, i-multi-edge carbide turning tool, sinokunciphisa ixesha elincedisayo ngexesha lokusetyenzwa kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zemikhono ngelixa sigcina umgangatho wemveliso.
Ukudala i-spindle ye-taper elula, encinci, qala ngokubandakanya i-0.02mm taper encinci ngasemva kwe-spindle. Emva kokufaka isethi yokuthwala, icandelo liya kukhuseleka kwi-spindle ngokusebenzisa i-friction. Emva koko, sebenzisa isixhobo sokujika esine-blade enye. Qala ngokujika isangqa sangaphandle, uze usebenzise i-angle yetaper eyi-15°. Nje ukuba ugqibezele eli nyathelo, misa umatshini kwaye usebenzise isitshixo ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo inxalenye, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 14.
15. Ukuguqulwa kweengxenye zetsimbi eziqinileyo
(1) Omnye wemizekelo ephambili yokuguqula iintsimbi eziqinileyo
-Ukwenziwa ngokutsha kunye nokuhlaziywa kwentsimbi enesantya esiphezulu i-W18Cr4V i-broaches eqinile (ukulungiswa emva kokuphuka)
-Iigeyiji zeplagi ezenziwe ngomsonto ozenzileyo (ihardware eqinisiweyo)
- Ukuguqulwa kwehardware eqinile kunye neendawo ezitshiziweyo
- Ukuguqulwa kweegeji zeeplagi ezigudileyo zehardware
- Iimpompo zokupholisha imisonto zilungiswe ngezixhobo zentsimbi ezinesantya esiphezulu
Ukuphatha ngempumelelo i-hardware eqinile kunye nemingeni eyahlukeneyoCNC Machining iindawoedibene nenkqubo yokuvelisa, kubalulekile ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zesixhobo, iiparamitha zokusika, ii-engile zejometri yesixhobo, kunye neendlela zokusebenza ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo ezihle zoqoqosho. Umzekelo, xa i-square broach fractures kwaye ifuna ukuhlaziywa, inkqubo yokuvelisa kwakhona ingaba yinde kwaye ibiza kakhulu. Endaweni yoko, sinokusebenzisa i-carbide YM052 kunye nezinye izixhobo zokusika kwingcambu ye-broach fracture yasekuqaleni. Ngokusila intloko ye-blade kwi-engile ye-rake embi ye -6 ° ukuya -8 °, sinokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo. Umgca wokusika unokucocwa nge-oilstone, usebenzisa isantya sokusika kwi-10 ukuya kwi-15 m / min.
Emva kokuguqula isangqa sangaphandle, siqhubela phambili ukusika i-slot kwaye ekugqibeleni simise intambo, inkqubo ye-diTurninge ibe yi-Turningnd ijika kakuhle. Ukulandela ukujika okurhabaxa, isixhobo kufuneka silolwe kwakhona kwaye sicolwe phambi kokuba siqhubele phambili ngokujika kakuhle umsonto wangaphandle. Ukongezelela, icandelo lentambo yangaphakathi yentonga yokudibanisa kufuneka ilungiswe, kwaye isixhobo kufuneka silungiswe emva kokuba uxhulumaniso lwenziwe. Ekugqibeleni, i-broach yesikwele esaphukileyo kunye ne-square inokulungiswa ngokujika, ukuyibuyisela ngempumelelo kwimo yayo yasekuqaleni.
(2) Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza zokuguqula iindawo ezinzima
① Amagqabi amatsha e-carbide afana ne-YM052, YM053, kunye ne-YT05 ngokubanzi anesantya sokusika ngaphantsi kwe-18m/min, kwaye uburhabaxa bomphezulu bomsebenzi bunokufikelela kwi-Ra1.6~0.80μm.
② Isixhobo se-cubic boron nitride, imodeli ye-FD, iyakwazi ukusetyenzwa ngeentsimbi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokutshizwa.amacandelo ajikiweyongesantya sokusika ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 m / min, ukuphumeza uburhabaxa bendawo yeRa 0.80 ukuya kwi-0.20 μm. Ukongezelela, isixhobo esihlanganisiweyo se-cubic boron nitride, i-DCS-F, eveliswa yi-State-owned Capital Machinery Factory kunye neGuizhou Sixth Grinding Wheel Factory, ibonisa ukusebenza okufanayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwezi zixhobo kungaphantsi kwe-carbide enesamente. Nangona amandla ezixhobo ze-cubic boron nitride ziphantsi kune-carbide ene-cemented, zinika ubunzulu obuncinci bokubandakanyeka kwaye zibiza kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, intloko yesixhobo inokonakala lula xa isetyenziswe ngokungafanelekanga.
⑨ Izixhobo zeCeramic, isantya sokusika yi-40-60m / min, amandla amabi.
Ezi zixhobo zingentla zineempawu zazo ekujikeni iindawo ezicinyiweyo kwaye kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwemiqathango ethile yokuguqula izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nobunzima obuhlukeneyo.
(3) Iindidi zentsimbi ezicinyiweyo zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokukhethwa kokusebenza kwesixhobo
Iinxalenye zentsimbi ezicinyiweyo zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezihluke ngokupheleleyo ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo kubunzima obufanayo, obunokwahlulwa ngokurhabaxa kwezi ndidi zintathu zilandelayo;
① Intsimbi yealloyi ephezulu ibhekisa kwintsimbi yesixhobo kunye nentsimbi yokufa (ubukhulu becala ezahlukeneyo iintsimbi ezinesantya esiphezulu) ezinomthamo opheleleyo wento ehlanganisiweyo engaphezulu kwe-10%.
② Insimbi ye-alloy ibhekisela kwinsimbi yensimbi kunye nentsimbi efayo kunye nomxholo we-alloying element ye-2-9%, njenge-9SiCr, i-CrWMn, kunye ne-high-high-high-high-alloy alloy structure.
③ Intsimbi yeCarbon: kubandakanywa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zekhabhoni zentsimbi kunye neentsimbi zokungcwaba ezifana ne-T8, T10, intsimbi eyi-15, okanye intsimbi engama-20 yokubeka intsimbi, njl.
Kwintsimbi ye-carbon, i-microstructure emva kokucima iqulethe i-martensite epholileyo kunye nenani elincinci le-carbide, okubangelwa ubuninzi bobunzima be-HV800-1000. Oku kuphantsi kakhulu kunobunzima be-tungsten carbide (WC), i-titanium carbide (TiC) kwi-carbide enesamente, kunye ne-A12D3 kwizixhobo ze-ceramic. Ukongeza, ubulukhuni obushushu bentsimbi yekhabhoni bungaphantsi kobo be-martensite ngaphandle kwezinto ezixutywayo, ngokuqhelekileyo abukho ngaphezu kwe-200 ° C.
Njengoko umxholo wezinto ezixutywayo kwintsimbi ukhula, umxholo we-carbide kwi-microstructure emva kokucima kunye nokunyuka kwenyuka, okukhokelela kwiintlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-carbides. Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimbi yesantya esiphezulu, umxholo we-carbide unokufikelela kwi-10-15% (ngomthamo) emva kokucima kunye nokufudumala, kubandakanywa neentlobo ezifana ne-MC, M2C, M6, M3, kunye ne-2C. Phakathi kwezi, i-vanadium carbide (VC) inobunzima obuphezulu obudlulayo besigaba esinzima kwizinto zesixhobo jikelele.
Ngaphaya koko, ubukho bezinto ezininzi zokuxutywa buphucula ubulukhuni obushushu be-martensite, buvumela ukuba bufikelele kuma-600°C. Ngenxa yoko, ukunyanzeliswa kweentsimbi eziqinileyo ezinobunzima obufanayo kunokwahluka kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuguqula iinxalenye zetsimbi eziqinileyo, kubalulekile ukuchonga udidi lwazo, ukuqonda iimpawu zabo, kwaye ukhethe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zesixhobo, iiparamitha zokusika, kunye nejometri yesixhobo ukugqiba ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo yokujika.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi okanye ukubuza, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelanainfo@anebon.com.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-11-2024