Itekhnoloji yokucubungula yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC inezinto ezininzi ezifanayo nezo zezixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi, kodwa imimiselo yenkqubo yokulungiswa kwamalungu kwizixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC inzima kakhulu kunezo zokucubungula iinxalenye kwizixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi. Ngaphambi kokusebenza kwe-CNC, inkqubo yentshukumo yesixhobo somatshini, inkqubo yamacandelo, imilo yesixhobo, isixa sokusika, indlela yesixhobo, njl. -Isiseko solwazi. Umdwelisi weprogram oqeqeshiweyo ngowokuqala ngabasebenzi benkqubo abaqeqeshiweyo. Ngaphandle koko, akuyi kukwazi ukuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo kunye nokucinga yonke inkqubo yecandelo lokucubungula kunye ngokuchanekileyo nangengqiqo inkqubo yokucwangcisa inxalenye.
2.1 Imixholo ephambili yoyilo lwenkqubo yokusetyenzwa kweCNC
Xa kuyilwa inkqubo yomatshini we-CNC, le miba ilandelayo kufuneka yenziwe: ukhetho lweCNC machiningumxholo wenkqubo, uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yomatshini ye-CNC, kunye noyilo lwenkqubo yomatshini ye-CNC.
2.1.1 Ukukhethwa kwesiqulatho senkqubo yomatshini ye-CNC
Ayizizo zonke iinkqubo zokucwangcisa ezifanelekileyo kwizixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, kodwa kuphela inxalenye yomxholo wenkqubo efanelekileyo kwi-CNC processing. Oku kufuna uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo lwenxalenye yemizobo ukukhetha umxholo kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu kwaye zifuneka kakhulu kwi-CNC processing. Xa kuqwalaselwa ukukhethwa komxholo, kufuneka kudityaniswe nezixhobo zangempela zeshishini, ngokusekelwe ekuxazululeni iingxaki ezinzima, ukoyisa iingxaki eziphambili, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye nokunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwiinzuzo ze-CNC processing.
1. Umxholo olungele ukusetyenzwa kwe-CNC
Xa ukhetha, lo myalelo ulandelayo unokuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi:
(1) Iziqulatho ezingenakusetyenzwa zizixhobo zoomatshini benjongo jikelele kufuneka zinikwe ingqwalaselo ephambili; (2) Imixholo ekunzima ukuyiqhuba ngezixhobo zoomatshini ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye nomgangatho wayo onzima ukuqinisekiswa kufuneka inikwe kuqala; (3) Imixholo engasebenzi kakuhle kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo eziqhelekileyo kwaye zifuna ukunyanzeliswa komsebenzi wezandla zingakhethwa xa izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zisenomthamo owaneleyo wokucubungula.
2. Imixholo engafanelekanga kwi-CNC processing
Ngokuqhelekileyo, imixholo yokucubungula ekhankanywe ngasentla iya kuphuculwa kakhulu ngokwemigangatho yemveliso, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye neenzuzo ezibanzi emva kokulungiswa kwe-CNC. Ngokwahlukileyo, imixholo ilandelayo ayilungelanga ukusetyenzwa kwe-CNC:
(1) Ixesha elide lohlengahlengiso lomatshini. Ngokomzekelo, i-datum yokuqala efanelekileyo icutshungulwa yi-datum enqabileyo ye-blank, efuna ukulungelelaniswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa;
(2) Amacandelo okucubungula ahlakazekile kwaye kufuneka afakwe kwaye abekwe kwimvelaphi amaxesha amaninzi. Kule meko, kunzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-CNC processing, kwaye umphumo awubonakali. Izixhobo zoomatshini ngokubanzi zinokulungiselelwa ukusetyenzwa kongezelelweyo;
(3) Iprofayili yomphezulu icutshungulwa ngokwesiseko esithile sokuvelisa (ezifana neetemplates, njl.). Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba kunzima ukufumana idatha, okulula ukungqubuzana nesiseko sokuhlola, ukwandisa ubunzima bokuqulunqwa kweprogram.
Ukongezelela, xa sikhetha kwaye sithatha isigqibo somxholo wokucubungula, kufuneka siqwalasele ibhetshi yemveliso, umjikelo wemveliso, ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo, njl. Ngamafutshane, kufuneka sizame ukuba nengqiqo ekufezekiseni iinjongo ezingaphezulu, ngokukhawuleza, ezingcono, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Kufuneka sithintele izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ekuthotyweni ukuya kwizixhobo zoomatshini benjongo ngokubanzi.
2.1.2 Uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yomatshini ye-CNC
I-CNC machining processability yamacandelo asetyenzisiweyo ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwemiba. Oku kulandelayo yindibaniselwano yamathuba kunye nokulungela kwenkqubo. Eminye imixholo ephambili ekufuneka ihlalutywe kwaye ihlaziywe iphakanyisiwe.
1. Ukulinganisa kufuneka kuhambelane neempawu ze-CNC machining. Kwinkqubo ye-CNC, imilinganiselo kunye nezikhundla zazo zonke iingongoma, imigca, kunye nomgangatho zisekelwe kwimvelaphi yeprogram. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukunika ngokuthe ngqo imilinganiselo yolungelelwaniso kumzobo wenxalenye okanye uzame ukusebenzisa ireferensi efanayo ukucacisa imilinganiselo.
2. Iimeko zezinto zejometri kufuneka ziphelele kwaye zichaneke.
Kuqulunqo lwenkqubo, abadwelisi benkqubo kufuneka baqonde ngokupheleleyo iiparamitha zezinto zejometri ezenza inxalenye yecontour kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwendawo nganye yejometri. Ngenxa yokuba zonke izinto zejometri zecandelo le-contour kufuneka zichazwe ngexesha lokucwangcisa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye ulungelelwaniso lwe-node nganye kufuneka lubalwe ngexesha lokucwangcisa ngesandla. Nokuba yeyiphi indawo engacacanga okanye engaqinisekanga, inkqubo ayinakuqhutywa. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungahoywa okanye ukungahoywa ngabaqulunqi becandelo ngexesha lenkqubo yoyilo, iiparamitha ezingaphelelanga okanye ezingacacanga zihlala zisenzeka, njengokuba i-arc i-tangent kumgca othe ngqo okanye nokuba i-arc i-tangent kwi-arc okanye i-intersecting okanye yahluliwe. . Ngoko ke, xa uhlalutya kwaye uhlalutya imidwebo, kuyimfuneko ukubala ngokucophelela kwaye uqhagamshelane nomyili ngokukhawuleza ukuba iingxaki zifunyenwe.
3. Isalathiso sokubeka sithembekile
Kwi-CNC machining, iinkqubo ze-machining zihlala zigxininiswe, kwaye ukubeka kunye nereferensi efanayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kuhlala kuyimfuneko ukuseta ezinye iimbekiselo ezincedisayo okanye ukongeza abaphathi benkqubo kwindawo engenanto. Kwinxalenye eboniswe kuMzobo 2.1a, ukwenzela ukwandisa ukuzinza kokumisa, umphathi wenkqubo unokongezwa kwindawo ephantsi, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.1b. Iya kususwa emva kokuba inkqubo yokubeka igqityiwe.
4. Ijometri edibeneyo kunye nobukhulu:
Kungcono ukusebenzisa ijometri edibeneyo kunye nobukhulu bemilo kunye nomgodi wangaphakathi wamacandelo, anokunciphisa inani lokutshintsha kwesixhobo. Iinkqubo zokulawula okanye iinkqubo ezizodwa zingasetyenziswa ukucutha ubude benkqubo. Ubume bamacandelo kufuneka bube buyi-symmetrical kunokwenzeka ukuququzelela inkqubo usebenzisa isibuko sokucwangcisa umsebenzi wesixhobo somatshini we-CNC ukugcina ixesha lokucwangcisa.
2.1.3 Uyilo lweNdlela yeNkqubo yoMatshini ye-CNC
Umahluko ophambili phakathi koyilo lwendlela yenkqubo yomatshini weCNC kunye noyilo lwendlela yokwenziwa komatshini womatshini ngokubanzi kukuba ayibhekiseli kuyo yonke inkqubo ukusuka kwimveliso engenanto ukuya kwimveliso egqityiweyo, kodwa yinkcazo ethile kuphela yenkqubo yeenkqubo ezininzi zeCNC. Ke ngoko, kuyilo lwenkqubo yoyilo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba njengoko iinkqubo zomatshini ze-CNC zixutyushwa ngokubanzi kuyo yonke inkqubo yenxalenye yomatshini, kufuneka zidityaniswe kakuhle nezinye iinkqubo zomatshini.
Ukuhamba kwenkqubo eqhelekileyo kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.2.
Le miba ilandelayo kufuneka iqatshelwe kuyilo lwendlela yenkqubo yomatshini ye-CNC:
1. Ukwahlulwa kwenkqubo
Ngokweempawu zobuchwephesha be-CNC, ulwahlulo lwenkqubo yomatshini ye-CNC ngokubanzi lunokwenziwa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
(1) Ufakelo olunye kunye nokusebenza kuthathwa njengenkqubo enye. Le ndlela ifanelekile kumacandelo anomxholo omncinci wokucubungula, kwaye banokufikelela kwimeko yokuhlola emva kokucubungula. (2) Ukwahlula inkqubo ngomxholo wesixhobo esifanayo sokucubungula. Nangona ezinye iindawo zikwazi ukuqhubela phambili imiphezulu emininzi ukuba iqhutywe kufakelo olunye, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba inkqubo inde kakhulu, kuya kubakho izithintelo ezithile, ezinjengokunciphisa inkqubo yolawulo (ubukhulu becala umthamo wememori), umda wexesha eliqhubekayo lokusebenza. yesixhobo somatshini (njengenkqubo ayinakugqitywa kwishifti enye yomsebenzi), njl. Ukongeza, inkqubo ede kakhulu iya kwandisa ubunzima bempazamo kunye nokufunyanwa. Ngoko ke, inkqubo akufanele ibe yinde kakhulu, kwaye umxholo wenkqubo enye akufanele ube mkhulu.
(3) Ukwahlula inkqubo ngenxalenye yokucubungula. Kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezinemixholo emininzi yokusetyenzwa, indawo yokucubungula inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amaninzi ngokweempawu zayo zesakhiwo, njengomgodi ongaphakathi, imilo yangaphandle, indawo egobileyo, okanye inqwelomoya, kwaye ukusetyenzwa kwenxalenye nganye kuthathwa njengenkqubo enye.
(4) Yahlula inkqubo ngokucokisekileyo nangokucokisekileyo. Kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezithambekele kwi-deformation emva kokucutshungulwa, ekubeni i-deformation enokuthi yenzeke emva kokulungiswa okungahambi kakuhle kufuneka kulungiswe, ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkqubo zokulungisa kunye nokulungiswa kakuhle kufuneka zihlulwe.
2. Ukulungelelanisa ulandelelwano Ukulungelelaniswa kolandelelwano kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngokusekelwe kwisakhiwo samalungu kunye nemeko yeendawo ezingenanto, kunye neemfuno zokubeka, ukufakwa kunye nokudibanisa. Ulungelelwaniso lolandelelwano kufuneka luqhutywe ngokwemigaqo elandelayo:
(1) Ukucutshungulwa kwenkqubo yangaphambili ayinakuchaphazela ukubekwa kunye nokubanjwa kwenkqubo elandelayo, kunye neenkqubo zokucubungula izixhobo zomatshini jikelele ezixutywe phakathi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokubanzi;
(2) Ukucutshungulwa komngxuma ongaphakathi kufuneka kuqhutywe kuqala, kuze emva koko kuqhutywe imilo yangaphandle; (3) Iinkqubo zokucutshungulwa ngendlela efanayo yokubeka kunye nokubethelwa okanye ngesixhobo esifanayo zicutshungulwa ngokuqhubekayo ukunciphisa inani lokubeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, utshintsho lwesixhobo, kunye nokunyakaza kweplaten;
3. Uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwethekhnoloji yomatshini weCNC kunye neenkqubo eziqhelekileyo.
Iinkqubo zobuchwephesha be-CNC zidla ngokudityaniswa nezinye iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zomatshini ngaphambi nasemva. Ukuba unxibelelwano alulunganga, iingxabano zinokwenzeka. Ke ngoko, ngelixa uqhelana nayo yonke inkqubo yomatshini, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iimfuno zobugcisa, iinjongo zoomatshini, kunye neempawu zoomatshini benkqubo yomatshini weCNC kunye neenkqubo eziqhelekileyo zomatshini, njengokushiya izibonelelo zomatshini kunye nokuba kushiyeke malini na; iimfuno zokuchaneka kunye nefom kunye nokunyamezela indawo yokubeka indawo kunye nemingxuma; iimfuno zobugcisa kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kwemilo; imeko yonyango lobushushu ye-blank, njl Kuphela ngale ndlela inkqubo nganye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomatshini, iinjongo zomgangatho kunye neemfuno zobugcisa zicacile, kwaye kukho isiseko sokunikezelwa kunye nokwamkelwa.
2.2 Indlela yoyilo lwenkqubo yomatshini weCNC
Emva kokukhetha umxholo wenkqubo yomatshini we-CNC kunye nokumisela indlela yokucubungula iinxalenye, uyilo lwenkqubo yomatshini ye-CNC lunokwenziwa. Owona msebenzi uphambili woyilo lwenkqubo yomatshini we-CNC kukuqinisekisa ngakumbi umxholo wokucubungula, isixa sokusika, izixhobo zokusebenza, indlela yokubeka kunye ne-clamping, kunye nesixhobo sokuhamba kwendlela yale nkqubo ukuze kulungiselelwe ukuqulunqwa kwenkqubo yomatshini.
2.2.1 Misela indlela yesixhobo kwaye ulungiselele ulandelelwano lokucubungula
Indlela yesixhobo yindlela yokuhamba yesixhobo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokucubungula. Ayibandakanyi kuphela umxholo wesinyathelo somsebenzi kodwa ibonisa nomyalelo wesinyathelo somsebenzi. Indlela yesixhobo yenye yeziseko zeenkqubo zokubhala. La manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqatshelwe xa kumiselwa umendo wesixhobo:
1. Khangela eyona ndlela imfutshane yokusetyenzwa, efana nenkqubo yomngxuma kwindawo eboniswe kumfanekiso wokusetyenzwa 2.3a. Indlela yesixhobo yoMzobo 2.3b kukuqhubekekisa umngxuma wesangqa sangaphandle kuqala kwaye emva koko umngxuma ongaphakathi wesangqa. Ukuba indlela yesixhobo soMzobo 2.3c isetyenzisiwe endaweni yoko, ixesha lesixhobo sokungenzi nto liyancitshiswa, kwaye ixesha lokumisa lingagcinwa phantse ngesiqingatha, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
2. Icontour yokugqibela igqitywe ngepasi enye
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe iimfuno zobunzima bomphezulu we-workpiece contour emva komatshini, i-contour yokugqibela kufuneka ilungiselelwe ukuba iqhutywe ngokuqhubekayo kwipaseji yokugqibela.
Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 2.4a, indlela yesixhobo sokulungisa i-cavity yangaphakathi ngokusika umgca, le ndlela yesixhobo inokususa yonke into engaphezulu kwi-cavity yangaphakathi, ingashiyi i-angle efile kwaye akukho monakalo kwi-contour. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokusika umgca iya kushiya ukuphakama okushiyekileyo phakathi kwendawo yokuqala kunye nokuphela kweepaseji ezimbini, kwaye ubunzima obufunekayo obuphezulu abukwazi ukufezekiswa. Ngoko ke, ukuba indlela yesixhobo soMzobo we-2.4b yamkelwe, indlela yokuqhawula umgca isetyenziswe kuqala, kwaye emva koko i-circumferential cut yenziwe ukulungelelanisa i-contour surface, enokufikelela kwiziphumo ezingcono. Umzobo 2.4c ukwayindlela engcono yesixhobo.
3. Khetha indlela yokungena kwaye uphume
Xa uqwalasela ukungena kunye nokuphuma kwesixhobo (ukusika ngaphakathi nangaphandle) iindlela, ukusika isixhobo okanye indawo yokungena kufuneka ibe kwi-tangent ecaleni kwe-contour yecandelo ukuqinisekisa i-contour ye-workpiece egudileyo; kunqande ukukrwela umphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza ngokusika ngokuthe nkqo phezulu nasezantsi kumphezulu wecontour yeworkpiece; ukunciphisa ikhefu ngexesha le-contour machining (i-elastic deformation ebangelwa utshintsho ngokukhawuleza kumandla okusika) ukuphepha ukushiya iimpawu zesixhobo, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.5.
Umfanekiso 2.5 Ukwandiswa kwesixhobo xa usika ngaphakathi nangaphandle
4. Khetha indlela yokunciphisa ukuguqulwa komsebenzi emva kokulungiswa
Kwiindawo ezibhityileyo okanye iipleyiti ezincinci ezineendawo ezincinci ezinqamlezileyo, indlela yesixhobo kufuneka icwangciswe ngomatshini ukuya kubungakanani bokugqibela kwiipasiti ezininzi okanye ngokususa isibonelelo ngokulinganayo. Xa ulungiselela amanyathelo omsebenzi, amanyathelo okusebenza abangela umonakalo omncinci kubunzima bomsebenzi womsebenzi kufuneka alungiselelwe kuqala.
2.2.2 Misela isisombululo sokubeka kunye nokubambelela
Xa kumiselwa iskimu sokubeka kunye nokubambelela, le miba ilandelayo kufuneka iqatshelwe:
(1) Zama ukudibanisa isiseko soyilo, isiseko senkqubo, kunye nesiseko senkqubo yokubala kangangoko kunokwenzeka; (2) Zama ukugxila kwiinkqubo, ukunciphisa inani lamaxesha okubamba, kwaye usebenze yonke imiphezulu ekufuneka iqwalaselwe.
I-clamping enye kangangoko kunokwenzeka; (3) Gwema ukusebenzisa ii-clamping schemes ezithatha ixesha elide ukulungiswa ngesandla;
(4) Inqaku lesenzo samandla okubamba kufuneka iwele kwicala elinobungqongqo obungcono bomsebenzi.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 2.6a, i-axial rigidity ye-sleeve enodonga olubhityileyo ingcono kune-radial rigidity. Xa i-clamping clamping isetyenziselwa i-radial clamping, i-workpiece iya kukhubaza kakhulu. Ukuba i-clamping force isetyenziswa ecaleni kwendlela ye-axial, i-deformation iya kuba yincinci kakhulu. Xa ucinezela ibhokisi enodonga olucekeceke oluboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.6b, amandla okubamba akufuneki asebenze kumphezulu webhokisi kodwa kumda weconvex ngobungqongqo obungcono okanye utshintshele ekubambeni ngamanqaku amathathu kumphezulu ongaphezulu ukutshintsha indawo indawo yokunyanzela ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwe-clamping, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.6c.
Umzobo 2.6 Ubudlelwane phakathi kwendawo yokufaka isicelo se-clamping force kunye ne-clamping deformation
2.2.3 Qinisekisa indawo ehambelanayo yesixhobo kunye nomsebenzi
Kwizixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, kubaluleke kakhulu ukumisela indawo ehambelanayo yesixhobo kunye ne-workpiece ekuqaleni kokucubungula. Esi sikhundla esihambelanayo sifezekiswa ngokuqinisekisa indawo yokumisela isixhobo. Indawo yokumisela isixhobo ibhekiselele kwindawo yesalathiso yokumisela indawo ehambelanayo yesixhobo kunye nomsebenzi ngokusetwa kwesixhobo. Indawo yokumisela isixhobo inokusetwa kwindawo ekusetyenzwayo kuyo okanye kwindawo ekugxilwa kuyo onobudlelwane bobungakanani obuthile kunye nesalathiso sokumiswa kwenxalenye. Indawo yokumisela isixhobo ihlala ikhethwa kwimvelaphi yokucubungula inxalenye. Imigaqo yokukhetha
Kwindawo yokumisela isixhobo zezi zilandelayo: (1) Indawo yokumisela isixhobo ekhethiweyo kufuneka yenze uqulunqo lwenkqubo lube lula;
(2) Indawo yokumisela isixhobo kufuneka ikhethwe kwindawo ekulula ukuyilungelelanisa kwaye ilungele ukumisela imvelaphi yokucubungula inxalenye;
(3) Indawo yokumisela isixhobo kufuneka ikhethwe kwindawo efanelekileyo kwaye inokwethenjelwa ukujonga ngexesha lokucubungula;
(4) Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokumisela isixhobo kufuneka kube lula ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kokusebenza.
Ngokomzekelo, xa ulungisa inxalenye eboniswe kwi-Figure 2.7, xa uqulunqa inkqubo ye-CNC yokucwangcisa ngokwendlela ebonakalisiweyo, khetha i-intersection yomgca ophakathi we-cylindrical pin ye-fixture positioning element kunye ne-positioning plane A njengesixhobo sokucwangcisa isixhobo. inqaku. Ngokucacileyo, indawo yokumisela isixhobo apha ikwayimvelaphi yokuqhubekekisa.
Xa usebenzisa indawo yokumisela isixhobo ukumisela imvelaphi yomatshini, "ulungiselelo lwesixhobo" luyafuneka. Into ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yesixhobo ibhekiselele ekusebenzeni kokwenza "indawo yesixhobo sokumisa" ihambelane "nendawo yokumisela isixhobo." Irediyasi kunye nemilinganiselo yobude besixhobo ngasinye yahlukile. Emva kokuba isixhobo sifakwe kwisixhobo somatshini, indawo esisiseko yesixhobo kufuneka ibekwe kwinkqubo yokulawula. "Indawo yesixhobo sokumisa" ibhekisa kwindawo yesalathiso yokumiswa kwesixhobo. Njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 2.8, indawo yesixhobo sokumisa i-cylindrical milling cutter yi-intersection yomgca weziko lesixhobo kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wesixhobo; indawo yesixhobo sokusila i-ball-end milling point yindawo esembindini yentloko yebhola okanye i-vertex yentloko yebhola; indawo yokuma isixhobo sesixhobo sokujika sisixhobo okanye umbindi we-arc yesixhobo; indawo yokuma isixhobo soqheliso yi-vertex ye-drill. Iindlela zokumisela izixhobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC azifani ncam, kwaye lo mxholo uya kuxoxwa ngokwahlukileyo ngokubambisana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zoomatshini.
Amanqaku okutshintsha izixhobo amiselwe izixhobo zoomatshini ezifana namaziko omatshini kunye ne-CNC lathes ezisebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi zokucutshungulwa kuba ezi zixhobo zomatshini kufuneka zitshintshe ngokuzenzekelayo izixhobo ngexesha lokucubungula. Kumatshini wokugaya i-CNC kunye notshintsho lwesixhobo sezandla, indawo yokutshintsha isixhobo ehambelana nayo kufuneka imiselwe. Ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo kwiindawo, izixhobo, okanye ukulungiswa ngexesha lokutshintsha isixhobo, iindawo zokutshintsha izixhobo zihlala zibekwe ngaphandle kwe-contour yamacandelo acutshungulwayo, kwaye umda othile wokhuseleko ushiywe.
2.2.4 Misela iiparamitha zokusika
Ukucutshungulwa kwesixhobo somatshini wokusika isinyithi, izinto ezicutshungulwayo, isixhobo sokusika, kunye nesixa sokusika zizinto ezintathu eziphambili. Le miqathango imisela ixesha lokucubungula, ubomi besixhobo, kunye nomgangatho wokucubungula. Iindlela zezoqoqosho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle zifuna ukhetho olufanelekileyo lweemeko zokusika.
Xa umisela isixa sokusika kwinkqubo nganye, abadwelisi beprogram kufuneka bakhethe ngokuhambelana nokuqina kwesixhobo kunye nezibonelelo kwincwadana yesixhobo somatshini. Isixa sokusika sinokumiselwa ngokulinganisa ngokusekelwe kumava okwenene. Xa ukhetha isixa sokusika, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba isixhobo sinokusebenza inxalenye okanye siqinisekise ukuba ukuqina kwesixhobo akukho ngaphantsi kokutshintshwa komsebenzi omnye, ubuncinane kungabi ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha sokutshintsha komsebenzi. Isixa sokuqhawula umva sinqunyulwa ikakhulu ngokungqongqo kwesixhobo somatshini. Ukuba ukuqina kwesixhobo somatshini kuvumela, isixa sokubuyisela umva kufuneka silingane nesibonelelo sokulungiswa kwenkqubo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze kuncitshiswe inani lokupasa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Kwiindawo ezinoburhabaxa obuphezulu kunye neemfuno ezichanekileyo, isibonelelo esaneleyo sokugqiba kufuneka sishiywe. Isibonelelo sokugqiba somatshini we-CNC sinokuba sincinci kuneso somatshini oqhelekileyo wokwenza izixhobo.
Xa abadwelisi beprogram bemisela iiparitha zokusika, kufuneka baqwalasele i-workpiece material, ukuqina, ukusika imeko, ukusika umva, izinga lokutya, kunye nokuqina kwesixhobo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, khetha isantya esifanelekileyo sokusika. Itheyibhile 2.1 yidatha yereferensi yokukhetha iimeko zokusika ngexesha lokujika.
Uluhlu 2.1 Ukusika isantya sokujika (m/min)
| Igama lezinto zokusika | Ukusika ukukhanya | Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusika | Ukusika okunzima | ||
| Umgangatho ophezulu we-carbon structural steel | Shumi# | 100 ~ 250 | 150 ~ 250 | 80 ~ 220 | |
| 45 # | 60 ~ 230 | 70 ~ 220 | 80 ~ 180 | ||
| intsimbi yengxubevange | σ b ≤750MPa | 100 ~ 220 | 100 ~ 230 | 70 ~ 220 | |
| σ b > 750MPa | 70 ~ 220 | 80 ~ 220 | 80 ~ 200 | ||
2.3 Gcwalisa amaxwebhu obugcisa bomatshini we-CNC
Ukuzalisa amaxwebhu akhethekileyo obugcisa kwi-CNC machining yenye yezinto eziqulethwe yinkqubo yoyilo lwenkqubo ye-CNC. La maxwebhu obugcisa akakho nje isiseko somatshini we-CNC kunye nokwamkelwa kwemveliso kodwa kunye neenkqubo ekufuneka abaqhubi bazilandele kwaye bazisebenzise. Amaxwebhu obugcisa yimiyalelo ethile ye-CNC machining, kunye nenjongo yabo kukwenza umqhubi acace ngakumbi malunga nomxholo weprogram ye-machining, indlela yokudibanisa, izixhobo ezikhethiweyo kwicandelo ngalinye lomatshini, kunye neminye imiba yobugcisa. Amaxwebhu obugcisa obuchwephesha beCNC aphambili aquka incwadi yeCNC yokucwangcisa umsebenzi, ukufakwa kweworkpiece, ikhadi lokumisela imvelaphi, ikhadi lenkqubo yomatshini weCNC, imephu yesixhobo somatshini weCNC, ikhadi lesixhobo seCNC, njl. eyilwe ngokwemeko yokwenyani yeshishini.
2.3.1 Incwadi yemisebenzi yenkqubo ye-CNC Icacisa iimfuno zobugcisa kunye nenkcazo yenkqubo yabasebenzi benkqubo yenkqubo yomatshini ye-CNC, kwakunye nesibonelelo somatshini ekufuneka siqinisekiswe phambi komatshini we-CNC. Ngomnye weziseko ezibalulekileyo kubaprogram kunye nabasebenzi benkqubo ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi kunye nokuqulunqa iinkqubo ze-CNC; jonga kwiTheyibhile 2.2 ngeenkcukacha.
Itheyibhile 2.2 Incwadi yomsebenzi weprogram ye-NC
| iSebe leNkqubo | Incwadi yomsebenzi yeprogram ye-CNC | ICandelo leMveliso inombolo yoMzobo | Umnqophiso onguNomb. | ||||||||
| Amacandelo Igama | |||||||||||
| Sebenzisa izixhobo ze-CNC | Iphepha eliqhelekileyo lePhepha | ||||||||||
| Inkcazo yenkqubo ephambili kunye neemfuno zobugcisa: | |||||||||||
| Umhla wokufumana inkqubo | usuku lwenyanga | Umntu ophethe | |||||||||
| Ilingiselelwe ngu | Uphicotho | inkqubo | Uphicotho | vuma | |||||||
2.3.2 Ufakelo lwe-workpiece yomatshini wokwenza umsebenzi we-CNC kunye nekhadi lokuseta imvelaphi (ekubhekiswa kuyo njengedayagram yokudibanisa kunye nekhadi lokuseta inxalenye)
Kufuneka ibonise indlela yokumisa imvelaphi yomatshini we-CNC kunye nendlela yokubambelela, indawo yokumisela imvelaphi yomatshini kunye nesalathiso sokulungelelanisa, igama kunye nenani lesixhobo esisetyenzisiweyo, njl. njl. Jonga iThebhile 2.3 ngeenkcukacha.
Itheyibhile 2.3 Ufakelo lwecwecwe kunye nekhadi lokumisela imvelaphi
| Inombolo yendawo | I-J30102-4 | CNC machining workpiece ufakelo kunye nemvelaphi nokuseta ikhadi | Inkqubo Nomb. | ||||
| Amacandelo Igama | Umthwali weplanethi | Inani lokubambelela | |||||
|
| |||||||
| 3 | iibholiti slot Trapezoidal | ||||||
| 2 | Ipleyiti yoxinzelelo | ||||||
| 1 | Ipleyiti edikayo kunye neyokusila | GS53-61 | |||||
| Ilungiselelwe ngu (umhla) ihlolwe ngu (umhla) | Ivunyiwe (umhla) | Iphepha | |||||
| Amaphepha ewonke | Inombolo yesiriyeli | Igama loLungiso | Inombolo yomzobo wokulungisa | ||||
2.3.3 Ikhadi lenkqubo yomatshini ye-CNC
Kukho ezininzi ezifanayo phakathiInkqubo yomatshini yeCNCamakhadi kunye namakhadi enkqubo machining eqhelekileyo. Umahluko kukuba imvelaphi yeprogram kunye nendawo yokubeka isixhobo kufuneka iboniswe kumzobo wenkqubo, kunye nenkcazo emfutshane yeprogram (efana nemodeli yesixhobo somatshini, inombolo yeprogram, imbuyekezo ye-radius yesixhobo, indlela yokucwangcisa i-mirror symmetry, njl. oko kukuthi, isantya sokusonta, isantya sokutya, isixa esikhulu sokusika umva okanye ububanzi, njl.njl.) kufuneka kukhethwe. Jonga kwiTheyibhile 2.4 ngeenkcukacha.
Uluhlu 2.4CNCikhadi inkqubo machining
| iyunithi | Ikhadi lenkqubo yomatshini ye-CNC | Igama lemveliso okanye ikhowudi | Amacandelo Igama | Inombolo yendawo | ||||||||||
| Umzobo wenkqubo | imoto phakathi | Sebenzisa izixhobo | ||||||||||||
| Inkqubo Nomb. | Inombolo yeNkqubo | |||||||||||||
| Igama loLungiso | Ulungiso Nomb. | |||||||||||||
| Inyathelo elinguNombolo. | inyathelo lomsebenzi ukwenza Ishishini | Umphezulu wokucubungula | Isixhobo Hayi. | ukulungiswa kweemela | Isantya se-spindle | Isantya sokutya | Emva | Phawula | ||||||
| Ilingiselelwe ngu | Uphicotho | vuma | Usuku lweNyanga yoNyaka | Iphepha eliqhelekileyo | Inombolo Yephepha | |||||||||
2.3.4 Umzobo wendlela yesixhobo somatshini weCNC
Kwi-machining ye-CNC, kudla ngokufuneka ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kwaye uthintele isixhobo ukuba singangqubani ngengozi kunye ne-fixture okanye i-workpiece ngexesha lokunyakaza. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuyimfuneko ukuzama ukuxelela umqhubi malunga nomzila wokunyakaza kwesixhobo kwiprogram (njengendawo yokusika, apho uphakamisa khona isixhobo, apho unqunyulwa khona ngokunyanisekileyo, njl.). Ukuze kube lula umzobo wendlela yesixhobo, ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe iisimboli ezidityanisiweyo nezivunyelweneyo ukuyimela. Izixhobo zoomatshini ezahlukeneyo zinokusebenzisa amabali kunye neefomathi ezahlukeneyo. Itheyibhile 2.5 yifomathi esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Itheyibhile ye-2.5 ye-CNC yesixhobo somatshini wokwenza umzobo
| Imephu yendlela yesixhobo soMatshini yeCNC | Inombolo yendawo | NC01 | Inkqubo Nomb. | Inyathelo elinguNombolo. | Inombolo yenkqubo | O 100 | ||||
| Imodeli yomatshini | XK5032 | Inombolo yecandelo | N10 ～ N170 | Kusenziwa umxholo | Umjikelezo wecontour yokugaya | Lilonke iphepha eli-1 | Inombolo Yephepha | |||
 | ||||||||||
| inkqubo | ||||||||||
| Ukuhlola ubungqina | ||||||||||
| Ukwamkelwa | ||||||||||
| uphawu | ||||||||||
| intsingiselo | Phakamisa imela | Sika | Imvelaphi yocwangciso | Inqaku lokusika | Isalathiso sokusika | Ukunqumla umgca wokunqumla | Ukunyuka kwithambeka | Ukuhlaziya kwakhona | Ukusika umgca | |
2.3.5 ikhadi lesixhobo se-CNC
Ngexesha lomatshini we-CNC, iimfuno zezixhobo zingqongqo kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, ububanzi besixhobo kunye nobude kufuneka bulungelelaniswe kwangaphambili kwisixhobo sokuseta isixhobo ngaphandle komatshini. Ikhadi lesixhobo libonisa inombolo yesixhobo, isakhiwo sesixhobo, iinkcukacha zokuphatha umsila, ikhowudi yegama lendibano, imodeli yeblade kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, njl. Jonga kwiTheyibhile 2.6 ngeenkcukacha.
Itheyibhile 2.6 ikhadi lesixhobo se-CNC
| Inombolo yendawo | I-J30102-4 | inombolo yokulawula imela Tool Card isiqwenga | Sebenzisa izixhobo | |||||
| Igama lesixhobo | Isixhobo esikruqulayo | TC-30 | ||||||
| Inombolo yesixhobo | T13006 | Indlela yokutshintsha isixhobo | oluzenzekelayo | Inombolo yeNkqubo | ||||
| imela Isixhobo Iqela ibe | Inombolo yesiriyeli | Inombolo yesiriyeli | Igama lesixhobo | Inkcazo | ubungakanani | Phawula | ||
| 1 | T013960 | Tsala isikhonkwane | 1 | |||||
| 2 | 390, 140-5050027 | Phatha | 1 | |||||
| 3 | 391, 01-5050100 | Intonga yokwandisa | Φ50×100 | 1 | ||||
| 4 | 391, 68-03650 085 | Ibha ekruqulayo | 1 | |||||
| 5 | R416.3-122053 25 | Amacandelo okusika adinayo | Φ41-Φ53 | 1 | ||||
| 6 | TCMM110208-52 | incakuba | 1 | |||||
| 7 | 2 | GC435 | ||||||
 | ||||||||
| Phawula | ||||||||
| Ilingiselelwe ngu | Ukuhlola ubungqina | vuma | Amaphepha ewonke | Iphepha | ||||
Izixhobo zoomatshini ezahlukeneyo okanye iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa zingafuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-CNC zokucubungula iifayile ezikhethekileyo zobugcisa. Emsebenzini, ifomathi yefayile inokuqulunqwa ngokwemeko ethile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-07-2024