Ubungakanani: Isitshixo sokuDibanisa iMizobo yoMatshini eNxaxheba kuYilo loomatshini

Wazi ntoni malunga neenkcukacha zokulinganisa kuyilo lomatshini ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe?

 

Imilinganiselo yemveliso iyonke:

Yimilinganiselo echaza imilo kunye nobukhulu bento. Le milinganiselo idla ngokuboniswa njengamaxabiso amanani kwiibhokisi ezixande ezibonisa ubude, ububanzi nobude.

 

Ukunyamezela:

Ukunyamezelwa ziinguqu ezivumelekileyo kwimilinganiselo eqinisekisa ukufaneleka ngokufanelekileyo, ukusebenza, kunye nokuhlanganisana. Ukunyamezela kuchazwa ngendibaniselwano yokudibanisa kunye nokuthabatha iisimboli kunye namaxabiso amanani. Umngxuma onobubanzi obuyi-10mm +- 0.05mm, umzekelo, uthetha ukuba ububanzi bobubanzi buphakathi kwe-9.95mm ukuya kwi-10.05mm.

 

Imilinganiselo yeJiyometri kunye nokunyamezela

I-GD&T ikuvumela ukuba ulawule kwaye uchaze ijometri yamacandelo kunye neempawu zendibano. Inkqubo ibandakanya izakhelo zolawulo kunye neesimboli zokuchaza iimpawu ezinje ngokutyaba (okanye ukuhlangana), i-perpendicularity (okanye i-parallelism), njl.

 

Umphezulu Gqiba

Ukugqitywa komphezulu kusetyenziselwa ukucacisa ukuthungwa okufunwayo okanye ukugudiswa komphezulu. Ukugqitywa komphezulu kubonakaliswa kusetyenziswa iisimboli ezifana ne-Ra (i-arithmetical mean), i-Rz(iprofayile yobude obuninzi), kunye namaxabiso athile oburhabaxa.

 

Iimpawu ezinemisonto

Ukulinganisa izinto ezinemisonto, njengeebholiti okanye izikrufu, kufuneka ukhankanye ubungakanani bomsonto, inowuthi kunye nothotho lwentambo. Ungabandakanya naziphi na ezinye iinkcukacha, njengobude bentambo, iichamfers okanye ubude bentambo.

 

UBudlelwane beNdibano kunye nokuCwangciswa

Iinkcukacha zokulinganisa zikwabalulekile xa kuyilwa iindibano zoomatshini ukuqwalasela ubudlelwane phakathi kwamacandelo, kunye nokukhutshwa okufunekayo ekusebenzeni okufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukucacisa iindawo zokukhwelana, ulungelelwaniso, izikhewu kunye naluphi na ukunyamezela okufunekayo ekusebenzeni.

 

Iindlela zokulinganisa kwizakhiwo eziqhelekileyo

Iindlela zokulinganisa imingxuma eqhelekileyo (imingxuma engaboniyo, imingxuma enemisonto, imingxuma yokubala, imingxuma edibeneyo); iindlela zokulinganisa ii-chamfers.
❖ Umngxuma oyimfama

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❖ Umngxuma onemisonto

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❖ I-counterbore

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❖ Umngxuma wokuvala amanzi

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❖ Umkhohlisi

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Izakhiwo zoomatshini kwicala

❖ Umjelo ophantsi kwe-undercut kunye nevili lokusila umjelo ongaphaya kwendlela

Ukuququzelela ukususwa kwesixhobo kwinxalenye kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo zoqhagamshelwano zifana ngexesha lokuhlanganisana, i-groove eqhutywe ngaphambili, okanye i-wheel-grinding groove overtravel groove, kufuneka isetyenziswe kwinqanaba le-surface. kusetyenzwe.

 

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubungakanani be-undercut bunokuboniswa "njenge-groove deep x diameter", okanye "i-groove deep x groove width". I-groove ye-overtravel yevili lokusila xa uguqa ubuso bokuphela okanye isetyhula yangaphandle.

 

 

❖Isakhiwo sokomba

 

Imingxunya engaboniyo egrunjiweyo nge-drill ine-engile eyi-120deg ezantsi. Ubunzulu benxalenye yesilinda bubunzulu bokomba, ngaphandle komgodi. Utshintsho phakathi komngxuma onyuliweyo kunye ne-cone ye-120deg iphawulwe ngekoni kunye nendlela yokudweba, kunye nokulinganisa.

 

Ukuqinisekisa ukugrumba ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuphepha ukuqhekeka kwe-drill bit, kubalulekile ukuba i-axis ye-drill bits ibe yi-perpendicular kangangoko kunokwenzeka ebusweni besiphelo esenziwayo. Lo mfanekiso ungezantsi ubonisa indlela yokulungisa ngokuchanekileyo ubuso obuthathu bokomba.

 

 

❖Abaphathi kunye needimples

 

Ngokubanzi, iindawo ezidibana nezinye iindawo okanye iindawo kufuneka ziphathwe. Abaphathi kunye nemingxuma kwi-castings idla ngokuyilwa ukunciphisa indawo yokusetyenzwa ngelixa iqinisekisa unxibelelwano oluhle phakathi komphezulu. Abaphathi bomgangatho wenkxaso kunye nemigodi yenkxaso yomhlaba iboshiwe; ukunciphisa umgangatho wokucubungula, i-groove yenziwe.

 

IZakhiwo zeCandelo eliQhelekileyo

 

 

❖Amalungu omkhono weshaft

 

Iishafts, bushings, kunye nezinye iindawo ziyimizekelo yaloo malungu. Ngethuba nje ukujonga okusisiseko kunye neengqungquthela ezinqamlekileyo ziboniswa, kunokwenzeka ukuvakalisa isakhiwo sayo sendawo kunye neempawu eziphambili. I-axis yentelekelelo idla ngokubekwa ngokuthe tye ukwenza kube lula ukujonga umzobo. I-axis kufuneka ibekwe kumgca wecala elithe nkqo.

 

I-axis ye-bushing isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa imilinganiselo ye-radial. Oku kusetyenziselwa ukumisela i-F14, kunye ne-F11 (jonga iCandelo AA), umzekelo. Umfanekiso uzotyiwe. Iimfuno zoyilo zidityaniswe nebenchmark yenkqubo. Umzekelo, xa ulungisa iindawo ze-shaft kwi-lathe ungasebenzisa i-thimbles ukutyhala umngxuma ophakathi kwe-shaft. Kwindlela yobude, isiphelo esibalulekileyo sobuso okanye umphezulu woqhagamshelwano (igxalaba), okanye umphezulu owenziwe ngomatshini ungasetyenziswa njengebhentshi.

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Umzobo ubonisa ukuba igxalaba ngasekunene kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu i-Ra6.3, yeyona nkcazo iphambili yemilinganiselo kwicala lobude. Ubungakanani obunje nge-13, 14, 1.5, kunye no-26.5 bunokutsalwa kuyo. Isiseko esincedisayo siphawula ubude be-shaft bubonke bungama-96.

 

Iinxalenye zesigqubuthelo sediski

Olu hlobo lwenxalenye ngokubanzi idiski ecaba. Ibandakanya izigqubuthelo zokuphela, isigqubuthelo sevalvu, iigiya, kunye namanye amacandelo. Isakhiwo esiphambili lala malungu ngumzimba ojikelezayo kunye neeflange ezahlukeneyo kunye nemingxuma ejikelezayo esasazwa ngokulinganayo. Izakhiwo zendawo, ezifana neembambo. Njengomthetho jikelele, xa ukhetha iimboniselo kufuneka ukhethe imboniselo yecandelo ecaleni kwe-axis okanye iplani ye-symmetry njengemboniselo yakho engundoqo. Unokongeza ezinye iimbono kumzobo (njengombono wasekhohlo, umbono osekunene, okanye umbono ophezulu) ukuze ubonise ukufana kwesakhiwo kunye nokumila. Kulo mfanekiso kuboniswa ukuba umbono wecala lasekhohlo longezwe ukubonisa i-square flange, kunye neekona ezijikelezileyo kwaye zisasazwe ngokulinganayo ezine ngemingxuma.

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Xa usenza imilinganiselo yecandelo ledisk cover the axis yokuhamba ukunqumla umngxuma weshaft ekhethwa ngokubanzi njengeradial dimension axis kwaye owona mphetho ubalulekileyo ukhethwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengowona mgangatho wedatum wesiseko kwicala lobude.

 

❖ Amacandelo efolokhwe

 

Ngokuqhelekileyo baquka iintonga zokudibanisa kunye nenkxaso yeefolokhwe zokutshintsha, kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yezikhundla zabo ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa, indawo yokusebenza kunye nokumila kwenxalenye kuqwalaselwa xa ukhetha umbono oza kusetyenziswa njengento ephambili. Ukukhethwa kwezinye iimbono ngokuqhelekileyo kuya kufuna ubuncinane iimbono ezimbini ezisisiseko kunye neemboniselo zamacandelo afanelekileyo, iimbono ezingaphelelanga, kunye nezinye iindlela zokubonisa ezisetyenziswayo ukubonisa indlela ubume bendawo kwindawo yesiqwenga. Ukukhethwa kweembono eziboniswe kwiindawo zomzobo we-pedal seat kulula kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda. Ukuze ubonise ubungakanani bembambo kunye nokuzala imbono efanelekileyo ayidingeki, kodwa kubambo olune-T kungcono ukusebenzisa i-cross-section. ezifanelekileyo.

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Xa ulinganisa imilinganiselo yamacandelo ohlobo lwefolokhwe isiseko senxalenye kunye neplani ye-symmetry yesiqwenga isoloko isetyenziswa njengendawo yesalathiso yemilinganiselo. Jonga umzobo kwiindlela zokumisela imilinganiselo.

 

Iinxalenye zebhokisi

 

Ngokubanzi, imo kunye nokwakheka kwenxalenye kuntsonkothe ​​ngakumbi kunezinye iindidi ezintathu zamalungu. Ukongeza, izikhundla zokulungisa ziyatshintsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo babandakanya imizimba yevalvu, iibhokisi zokunciphisa imizimba yempompo, kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo. Xa ukhetha umbono wembono ephambili, iinkxalabo eziphambili yindawo yendawo yokusebenza kunye neempawu zemilo. Ukuba ukhetha ezinye iimbono, iimbono ezincedisayo ezifanelekileyo amacandelo anjalo okanye iimbono ezingaphelelanga, amacandelo kunye neembono ze-oblique kufuneka zikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwimeko. Bafanele bagqithise ngokucacileyo isakhiwo sangaphandle nangaphakathi sesiqhekeza.

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Ngokubhekiselele kwi-dimensioning, i-axis efunekayo ukuba isetyenziswe yi-design key mounting surface kunye neNdawo yoQhagamshelwano (okanye inkqubo yenkqubo) kunye neplani ye-symmetry (ubude bobubanzi) besakhiwo esiyintloko sebhokisi, njl njl. njengemilinganiselo yereferensi. Xa kuziwa kwiindawo zebhokisi ezifuna ukusika imilinganiselo kufuneka imakishwe ngokuchanekileyo njengoko kunokwenzeka ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuphatha nokuhlola.

 

Uburhabaxa bomphezulu

 

❖ Ingcamango yoburhabaxa bomphezulu

 

Iimpawu zejiyometri ezimilise kancinci eziqulathe incopho neentlambo ezinezithuba ezincinci kumphezulu zaziwa njengoburhabaxa bomphezulu. Oku kubangelwa yimikrwelo eshiywe ngasemva kwezixhobo kwiindawo zokuvelisa, kunye ne-deformation ebangelwa iplastiki yendawo yesinyithi kwinkqubo yokusika kunye nokusika kunye nokwahlula.

Uburhabaxa bomphezulu bukwasisalathisi sezenzululwazi sokuvavanya umgangatho wamalungu omphezulu. Ichaphazela iipropathi zamalungu, ukuchaneka kwazo, ukuxhathisa ukugquma kwe-corrosion, ukutywina ukubonakala kunye nokubonakala. yecandelo.

 

❖ Iikhowudi zokurhabaxa komhlaba iisimboli, amanqaku namanqaku

 

Uxwebhu lwe-GB/T 131-393 luchaza ikhowudi yokurhabaxa komphezulu kunye nobuchule bokubhala. Iimpawu ezibonisa uburhabaxa bezinto ezingaphezulu kumzobo zidweliswe kule theyibhile ilandelayo.

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❖ Iiparamitha zovandlakanyo oluyintloko loburhabaxa bomphezulu

 

Iiparamitha ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya uburhabaxa bomphezulu wendawo zezi:

1.) I-arithmetic ithetha ukutenxa kwicontour (Ra)

I-arithmetic mean yexabiso elipheleleyo lecontour offset kubude. Amaxabiso eRa kunye nobude besampulu bubonisiwe kule theyibhile.

2.) Obona bude buphezulu beprofayile (Rz)

Ubude bexesha lesampulu ngumsantsa ophakathi kwemigca ephezulu nesezantsi yecontour.

 

 

Qaphela: Ra parameter ikhethwa xa usebenzisa.

 

❖ Iimfuneko zokuleyibhela uburhabaxa bomphezulu

 

1.) Umzekelo wokuleyibhile ikhowudi ukubonisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu.

Amaxabiso obude oburhabaxa bomphezulu iRa, Rz, kunye neRy abhalwe ngamaxabiso amanani kwikhowudi, ngaphandle kokuba kunokwenzeka ukushiya ngaphandle ikhowudi yeparameter Ra ayifunwa endaweni yexabiso elifanelekileyo leparameter Rz okanye Ry kufuneka ichongwe ngaphambili. kuwo nawaphi na amaxabiso eparameter. Jonga iTheyibhile ngomzekelo wendlela yokuleyibheli.

2.) Indlela yokumakisha iisimboli kunye namanani kwiindawo ezirhabaxa

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❖ Ndibuphawula njani uburhabaxa beesimboli ezingaphezulu kwimizobo

1.) Ubunzima bomphezulu (uphawu) kufuneka lubekwe kunye nemigca ye-contour ebonakalayo okanye imigca yokulinganisa, okanye kwimigca yabo yokwandisa. Inqaku lesimboli kufuneka libhekiselele kumphandle wezinto kunye nomgangatho.

2.) 2. Isalathiso esikhethekileyo seesimboli kunye namanani kwikhowudi yokurhabaxa kumphezulu kufuneka imakishwe ngokungqinelana nemimiselo.

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Umzekelo omhle wokumakisha uburhabaxa bomphezulu

Umzobo ofanayo usetyenziselwa yonke indawo udla ngokumakishwa usebenzisa kuphela isizukulwana esinye (uphawu) kwaye usondele kumgca we-dimension. Ukuba indawo ayinkulu ngokwaneleyo okanye kunzima ukuyiphawula, kunokwenzeka ukuzoba umgca. Xa yonke imiphezulu yento ifikelela kwiimfuno ezifanayo zokurhabaxa komphezulu, iimpawu zingenziwa ngokulinganayo kwindawo engaphezulu ekunene kumzobo wakho. Xa uninzi lwemigangatho yeqhekeza yabelana ngoburhabaxa bomphezulu obufanayo, eyona khowudi isetyenziswa rhoqo (uphawu) ikwangaxeshanye, bhala oku kwindawo ephezulu ekhohlo kumzobo wakho. Kwakhona, bandakanya "ukuphumla" "ukuphumla". Imilinganiselo yazo zonke iindawo ezichongiweyo ngokufanayo isimboli yokurhabaxa (iisimboli) kunye nesicatshulwa esicacisayo kufuneka siphindaphindwe ka-1.4 ubude beempawu ezikumzobo.

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Uburhabaxa bomphezulu (uphawu) kumphezulu ogobileyo oqhubekayo wecandelo, umphezulu wezinto eziphindaphindwayo (ezifana namazinyo, imingxuma yemingxuma, imingxunya okanye imijelo.) kunye nomphezulu ongapheliyo odityaniswe yimigca eqinileyo ebhityileyo kuphela. kujongwe kube kanye kuphela.

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Ukuba kukho iinkcazo ezininzi malunga noburhabaxa bomphezulu bendawo efanayo kanye umgca obhityileyo oqinileyo kufuneka uzotywe ukuphawula umgca wokwahlula kwaye uburhabaxa obufanelekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo kufuneka irekhodwe.

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Ukuba kufumaniseke ukuba imilo yezinyo (izinyo) ayilandelwa kumphezulu wemisonto, iigiya okanye ezinye iigiya. Uburhabaxa bekhowudi yomphezulu (uphawu) bunokubonwa kumzekeliso.

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Iikhowudi ezirhabaxa zomphezulu womsebenzi womngxuma osembindini, icala leefayili ze-keyway kunye nee-chamfers zingenza lula inkqubo yokubhala.

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Ukuba iiindawo ezigayiweyo zecnckufuneka ziphathwe ngobushushu okanye zigqunywe kancinane (zigqunywe) yonke indawo kufuneka iphawulwe ngemigca eshinyeneyo yemigca echokoziweyo, kwaye imilinganiselo ehambelana nayo kufuneka iphawulwe ngokucacileyo. Iinkcukacha zinokuvela kumgca ngokuthe tye ecaleni komphetho omde wesimboli erhabaxa.

 

Ukunyamezelana okusisiseko kunye nokutenxa okusemgangathweni

Ukuququzelela imveliso vumela ukusebenzisana kwecnc amacandelo oomatshinikunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, umgangatho wesizwe othi "Iimida kunye neeFits" umisela ukuba indawo yokunyamezela iquka amacandelo amabini ukunyamezela okusemgangathweni kunye nokutenxa okusisiseko. Ukunyamezela okusemgangathweni yinto emisela ukuba ungakanani ummandla wokunyamezela kunye nokuphambuka okusisiseko kugqiba ummandla wokunyamezela.

 

1.) Ukunyamezelana okusemgangathweni (IT)

Umgangatho wokunyamezelana okusemgangathweni uya kugqitywa ngobukhulu besiseko kunye neklasi. Iklasi yokunyamezelana ngumlinganiselo ochaza ukuchaneka kwemilinganiselo. Yahlulwe ngamanqanaba angama-20, ngakumbi i-IT01, i-IT0 kunye ne-IT1. ,…, IT18. Ukuchaneka kwemilinganiselo ye-dimensional iyancipha njengoko uhamba ukusuka kwi-IT01 ukuya kwi-IT18. Ukufumana imigangatho ethile yokunyamezelana okusemgangathweni khangela imigangatho efanelekileyo.

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Ukutenxa okusisiseko

Ukutenxa okusisiseko kukutenxa okuphezulu okanye okusezantsi xa kuthelekiswa no-zero kwimida yomgangatho, kwaye ngokubanzi ibhekisa ekutenxeni kufutshane no-zero. Ukuphambuka okusisiseko kuphantsi xa indawo yokunyamezela iphezulu kunomgca we-zero; kungenjalo ingaphezulu. Izitenxo ezisisiseko ezingama-28 zibhalwe ngoonobumba besiLatini ngoonobumba abakhulu bemingxuma kunye nonobumba abancinci ukumela iishafti.

Kumzobo wokuphambuka okusisiseko, kucacile ukuba umngxuma wokutenxa okusisiseko u-AH kunye ne-shaft esisiseko sokuphambuka kzc imele ukutenxa okusezantsi. Umngxuma osisiseko sokutenxa i-KZC imele ukutenxa phezulu. Ukuphambuka okuphezulu kunye nasezantsi komngxuma kunye ne-shaft ngokulandelelanayo + IT / 2 kunye -IT / 2. Umzobo wokuphambuka osisiseko awubonisi ubungakanani bokunyamezela, kodwa indawo yayo kuphela. Ukunyamezela okusemgangathweni kukuphela kwecala lokuvula ekupheleni kwendawo yokunyamezela.

新闻用图19

 

Ngokwenkcazelo yokunyamezelwa kwe-dimensional, ifomula yokubala yokutenxa okusisiseko kunye nomgangatho uthi:

EI = ES + IT

ei=es+IT okanye es=ei+IT

Ikhowudi yendawo yokunyamezela yomngxuma kunye ne-shaft yenziwe ngeekhowudi ezimbini: ikhowudi yokutenxa esisiseko, kunye nebakala lendawo yokunyamezela.

 

Sebenzisana

I-Fit lubudlelwane phakathi kwendawo yokunyamezela yemingxuma kunye neeshafti ezinomlinganiselo ofanayo osisiseko kwaye zidibene kunye. Ukulingana phakathi kwe-shaft kunye nomngxuma kunokuba nzima okanye ukukhululeka kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesicelo. Ke ngoko, umgangatho wesizwe uxela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokulingana:

 

1) Ukucoceka kufanelekile

Umngxuma kunye ne-shaft kufuneka ihambelane kunye nokukhutshwa okuncinci kwe-zero. Ummandla wokunyamezela umngxuma uphezulu kunommandla wokunyamezela i-shaft.

2) Intsebenziswano yenguqu

Kusenokubakho izithuba phakathi kweshafti kunye nomngxuma xa zidityanisiwe. Indawo yokunyamezela umngxuma ingaphezulu kweshaft.

3) Ukuphazamiseka kuhambelana

Xa uhlanganisa i-shaft kunye nomngxuma, kukho ukuphazamiseka (kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka okuncinci okulinganayo no-zero). Ummandla wokunyamezela kwi-shaft uphantsi kunommandla wokunyamezela umngxuma.

 

❖ Inkqubo yokulinganisa

Kwimveliso yeiindawo zoomatshini ze-cnc, inxalenye ikhethwa njengedatha kwaye ukutenxa kwayo kuyaziwa. Isixokelelwano sedatha yindlela yokufumana iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokulingana ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo, ngokuguqula ukutenxa kwelinye ilungu elingeyiyo i-datum. Imigangatho yesizwe ichaza iinkqubo ezimbini zokulinganisa ezisekelwe kwiimfuno ezichanekileyo zemveliso.

 

1) Inkqubo esisiseko yomngxuma iboniswe ngezantsi.

Inkqubo yomngxuma esisiseko (ekwabizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yomngxuma esisiseko) yinkqubo apho iindawo zonyamezelo zomngxunya onophambuko oluthile ukusuka kumgangatho kunye neendawo zokunyamezelana zeshafti ezinezitenxo ezahlukileyo ukusuka kuhlobo oluqhelekileyo oluhambelanayo. Ngezantsi inkcazo yenkqubo esisiseko yomngxuma. Jonga kulo mzobo ungezantsi.

① Inkqubo yomngxuma esisiseko

 

2) Inkqubo ye-shaft eyisiseko iboniswe ngezantsi.

Inkqubo ye-shaft esisiseko (i-BSS) - Le yinkqubo apho iindawo zokunyamezela kwi-shaft kunye nomngxuma, nganye kunye nokuphambuka okusisiseko okwahlukileyo, zenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngezantsi inkcazo yenkqubo ye-axis esisiseko. I-axis yedatha yi-axis kwisiseko se-axis. Ikhowudi yayo yokutenxa esisiseko (h) ngu-h kwaye ukutenxa kwayo okuphezulu ngu-0.

 新闻用图20

②Inkqubo ye-shaft esisiseko

❖ Umgaqo wentsebenziswano

Ikhowudi ye-Fit yenziwe yikhowudi yezowuni zokunyamezela kumngxuma kunye ne-shaft. Ibhalwe ngohlobo lwamaqhezu. Ikhowudi yendawo yokunyamezela yomngxuma ikwinani, ngelixa ikhowudi yokunyamezela i-shaft ikwidinomineyitha. I-axis esisiseko yiyo nayiphi na indibaniselwano equlathe u-h njengenani.

 

❖ Ukumakisha ukunyamezelana nokulingana kwimizobo

I-1) Sebenzisa indlela yokumakisha edibeneyo yokumakisha ukunyamezela kwaye ulungele kumzobo wendibano.

2) Iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokumakisha zisetyenziswaiindawo zomatshiniimizobo.

 

Ukunyamezela kwejometri

Kukho iimpazamo zejometri kunye neempazamo kwindawo efanayo emva kokuba iinxalenye zicutshungulwe. Isilinda sinokuba nobukhulu obufanelekileyo kodwa sibe sikhulu kwelinye icala kunesinye, okanye sibe ngqindilili phakathi, ngelixa sincinci nakweyiphi na isiphelo. Isenokungabi ngqukuva kucandelwana olunqamlezileyo, eyimpazamo yokumila. Emva kokucubungula, ii-axes zecandelo ngalinye zinokwahluka. Le yimpazamo yendawo. Ukunyamezela imilo kukwahluka okunokwenziwa phakathi kweyona nto ilungileyo kunye neyona milo. Ukunyamezelwa kwesikhundla kukwahluka okunokwenziwa phakathi kweendawo ezizizo nezifanelekileyo. Zombini zaziwa njengokunyamezela kwejometri.

Iimbumbulu ezinoNyamezelo lweJiyometri

 

❖ Iikhowudi zokunyamezela iimilo neendawo

Umgangatho wesizwe we-GB/T1182-1996 ucacisa iikhowudi zokusetyenziswa ukubonisa imilo kunye nokunyamezela isikhundla. Xa ukunyamezela kwejometri akukwazi ukuphawulwa ngekhowudi kwimveliso yangempela, inkcazo yombhalo ingasetyenziswa.

Iikhowudi zokunyamezela ijometri ziquka: izakhelo zokunyamezela ijometri, imigca yesikhokelo, amaxabiso okunyamezela ijometri, kunye nezinye iisimboli ezinxulumeneyo. Ubungakanani befonti kwisakhelo bunobude obufanayo nefonti.

 新闻用图21

❖ Ukumakishwa kokunyamezelana kwejiyometri

Isicatshulwa esikufutshane nokunyamezela kwejometri eboniswe kumzobo ingongezwa ukucacisa ingcamango kumfundi. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ifakwe kumzobo.

 新闻用图22

 

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Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-29-2023
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