Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kunye neenkcukacha zezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, kunye neendlela zokuhlela zahlukile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zinokuhlelwa ngokwemigaqo emine ilandelayo ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi kunye nesakhiwo.
1. Ukuhlelwa ngokwendlela yokulawula ukunyakaza kwesixhobo somatshini
⑴ Ulawulo lwendawo yomatshini we-CNC olawulwa ngendawo lufuna kuphela ukubekwa okuchanekileyo kweendawo ezihambayo zesixhobo somatshini ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwenye. Iimfuno zendlela yentshukumo phakathi kwamanqaku azikho ngqongqo. Akukho kucutshungulwa okwenziwa ngexesha lokuhamba, kwaye ukuhamba phakathi kwee-axes zokulungelelanisa akuhambelani. Ukuze ufezekise ukukhawuleza nokuchanekileyo, ukunyakaza kokuhamba phakathi kwamanqaku amabini ngokuqhelekileyo kuhamba ngokukhawuleza kuqala kwaye emva koko kusondele kwindawo yokumisa ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokubeka. Njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzobo ungezantsi, yindlela eshukumayo yolawulo lwamanqaku.
Izixhobo zoomatshini ezinemisebenzi yolawulo lwamanqaku ikakhulu zibandakanya oomatshini bokugaya i-CNC, oomatshini bokugaya i-CNC, oomatshini bokubhobhoza be-CNC, njl.njl. Ngophuhliso lobuchwepheshe be-CNC kunye nokwehliswa kwamaxabiso enkqubo ye-CNC, iinkqubo ze-CNC ezisetyenziselwa kuphela ulawulo lwamanqaku zinqabile.
⑵ Ulawulo lomgca Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC Ulawulo lomgca Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-parallel control yezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC. Iimpawu zabo kukuba ngaphezu kokumiswa ngokuchanekileyo phakathi kwamanqaku okulawula, zikwalawula isantya esihambayo kunye nendlela (i-trajectory) phakathi kwamanqaku amabini ahambelanayo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yabo yokuhamba ihambelana kuphela ne-axis yokulungelelanisa isixhobo somatshini; oko kukuthi, kukho i-axis yokulungelelanisa enye kuphela elawulwa ngaxeshanye (oko kukuthi, akukho mfuneko yokubala kwe-interpolation kwinkqubo ye-CNC). Ngexesha lenkqubo yokufuduka, isixhobo sinokusika kwisantya esicacisiweyo sokutya kwaye ngokubanzi sinokwenza kuphela iindawo ezinoxande kunye nezinenyathelo. Izixhobo zoomatshini ezinemisebenzi yokulawula umgca zibandakanya i-lathes ye-CNC elula, oomatshini bokugaya i-CNC, i-CNC grinders, njl. Ngokufanayo, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ezisetyenziselwa kuphela ulawulo lomgca zinqabile.
⑶ Ulawulo lweContour izixhobo zoomatshini beCNC
Ulawulo lweContour izixhobo zomatshini we-CNC zikwabizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zoomatshini bolawulo oluqhubekayo lwe-CNC. Iimpawu zabo zolawulo kukuba banokulawula ngaxeshanye ukufuduswa kunye nesantya seendlela ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zokulungelelanisa. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokuba umkhondo wentshukumo ohambelanayo wesixhobo ecaleni kwekhontolowu yomsebenzi udibana necontour yeworkpiece, ulawulo lokufuduswa kunye nolawulo lwesantya lwesindululo solungelelwaniso ngalunye kufuneka lulungelelaniswe ngokuchanekileyo ngokungqinelana nobudlelwane obumiselweyo. Ke ngoko, kolu hlobo lolawulo, isixhobo se-CNC siyafuneka ukuba sibe nomsebenzi wokudibanisa. Okubizwa ngokuba yi-interpolation kukuchaza imilo yomgca othe tye okanye i-arc ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yemathematika yomqhubi we-interpolation kwinkqubo ye-CNC ngokwesiseko sokufakwa kwedatha yiprogram (efana ne-endpoint coordinates yomgca othe ngqo, i-endpoint. ulungelelaniso lwe-arc kunye neziko lilungelelanisa okanye i-radius). Oko kukuthi ngeli xesha kubalwa, iipulses zisasazwa kumlawuli we-axis wolungelelwaniso ngamnye ngokweziphumo zokubala ukuze kulawulwe ukushenxiswa konxibelelaniso lwe-axis yolungelelwaniso nganye ukuze ihambelane nekhokhowunu efunekayo. Ngexesha lokuhamba, isixhobo siqhubeka sisika umphezulu womsebenzi, kwaye imigca eyahlukeneyo ethe tye, ii-arcs, kunye neecurves zinokucutshungulwa. Icontour yolawulo lomatshini trajectory. Olu hlobo lwesixhobo somatshini lubandakanya ikakhuluCNC lathes, oomatshini bokugaya i-CNC, oomatshini bokusika i-CNC, amaziko omatshini, njl., kunye nesixhobo sayo esihambelanayo se-CNC sibizwa ngokuba yi-contour control. Ngokwenani elahlukileyo lee-axes zonxibelelaniso elizilawulayo, inkqubo ye-CNC inokohlulwa ibe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
① Unxibelelwano lwe-axis ezimbini: ikakhulu isetyenziselwa iileyile ze-CNC ukusetyenzwa komphezulu ojikelezayo okanyeCNC millingoomatshini bokulungisa iisilinda ezigobileyo.
② Ii-axis ezimbini ze-semi-link: isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukulawula izixhobo zoomatshini ezineentsimbi ezingaphezu kwezintathu, apho ii-axes ezimbini zinokudityaniswa, kwaye enye i-axis inokondliwa ngamaxesha athile.
③ Unxibelelwano lwe-axis ezintathu: Ngokubanzi lwahlulwe lwaziindidi ezimbini, olunye lunxibelelwano lwemigca emithathu yolungelelwaniso lwamazembe X/Y/Z, esetyenziswa kakhulu kumatshini wokungqusha we-CNC, amaziko omatshini, njl. ilawula ulungelelwaniso lwelayini emibini kwi-X/Y/Z, ikwalawula ngaxeshanye i-axis yolungelelwaniso olujikelezayo olujikeleza enye yolungelelwaniso lomgca. izembe. Ngokomzekelo, kwiziko lomatshini wokujika, ukongeza kunxibelelwano lwe-longitudinal (Z-axis) kunye ne-transverse (X-axis) i-axes yomgca we-axes, kufuneka ilawule ngaxeshanye unxibelelwano lwe-spindle (C-axis) ejikelezayo. ujikeleze i-Z-axis.
④ Uqhagamshelwano lwe-axis emine: Lawula ngaxeshanye unxibelelwano lwee-axes ezintathu zolungelelaniso olulayiniweyo X/Y/Z kunye nolungelelwaniso olujikelezayo.
⑤ Unxibelelwano lwe-axis ezintlanu: Ukongeza ekulawuleni ngaxeshanye unxibelelwano lwee-axes zolungelelwaniso ezithathu X/Y/Z. Ikwalawula ngaxeshanye ii-axes ezimbini ezilungelelanisiweyo, A, B, kunye no-C, ezijikeleza ezi migca zilungelelanisiweyo, zenza ulawulo lwangaxeshanye lwe-axis emihlanu. Ngeli xesha, isixhobo sinokumiselwa kuyo nayiphi na indlela kwindawo. Umzekelo, isixhobo silawulwa ukuba sijiwuze sijikeleze i-x-axis kunye ne-y-axis ngaxeshanye ukuze isixhobo sisoloko sigcina isalathiso esiqhelekileyo kunye nomphezulu wecontour ulungiswa kwindawo yawo yokusika ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuguda kwe umphezulu ocutshungulweyo uphucula ukuchaneka kwawo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu owenziweyo.
2. Ukuhlelwa ngendlela yokulawula i-servo
⑴ I-servo yesondlo idrayivu yolawulo oluvulekileyo lwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC yi-loop evulekileyo; oko kukuthi, akukho sixhobo sempendulo yobhaqo. Ngokubanzi, imotor yayo yokuqhuba yi-stepper motor. Eyona nto iphambili yemoto ye-stepper kukuba i-motor ijikeleza i-angle yenyathelo ngalo lonke ixesha isekethe yolawulo itshintsha isiginali ye-pulse yomyalelo, kwaye i-motor ngokwayo inekhono lokuzivalela. Imveliso yomyalelo wesondlo yinkqubo ye-CNC ilawula isekethe yokuqhuba nge-pulse distributor. Ilawula ukulungelelaniswa kwe-displacement ngokutshintsha inani lee-pulses, ilawula isantya sokufuduka ngokutshintsha i-frequency ye-pulses, kwaye ilawula ulwalathiso lwe-displacement ngokuguqula umyalelo wokusasazwa kwee-pulses. Ke ngoko, ezona mpawu zinkulu zale ndlela yolawulo lulawulo olulula, ulwakhiwo olulula, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ukuhamba komqondiso womyalelo okhutshwe yinkqubo ye-CNC i-unidirectional, ngoko akukho ngxaki yokuzinza kwinkqubo yokulawula. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba impazamo yokuhanjiswa komatshini ayilungiswanga yingxelo, ukuchaneka kokufuduswa akuphezulu. Izixhobo zoomatshini bokuqala be-CNC zonke zamkela le ndlela yokulawula, kodwa izinga lokungaphumeleli laliphezulu. Okwangoku, ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwesekethe yokuqhuba, isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ngokukodwa kwilizwe lam, iinkqubo zoqoqosho ngokubanzi ze-CNC kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-CNC yezixhobo zakudala zisebenzisa le ndlela yokulawula. Ukongezelela, le ndlela yokulawula inokulungiswa nge-microcomputer ye-chip enye okanye ikhompyutha yebhodi enye njengesixhobo se-CNC, esinciphisa ixabiso lenkqubo yonke.
⑵ Izixhobo zomatshini wokulawula i-loop evaliweyo I-feed servo drive yolu hlobo lwesixhobo somatshini we-CNC isebenza kwimodi yokulawula impendulo evaliweyo. Imoto yayo yokuqhuba inokusebenzisa iimotor ze-DC okanye ze-AC servo kwaye kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngengxelo yesikhundla kunye nempendulo yesantya. Ukufuduswa kwangempela kwamacandelo ahambayo kufunyenwe nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokucubungula, kwaye libuyiselwa kumqhathanisi kwinkqubo ye-CNC ngexesha. Ifaniswa nomqondiso womyalelo ofunyenwe ngumsebenzi wokudibanisa, kwaye umahluko usetyenziswa njengophawu lolawulo lwe-servo drive, eqhuba icandelo lokufuduka ukuphelisa impazamo yokufuduka. Ngokwendawo yokufakela indawo yokukhangela impendulo yesimo kunye nesixhobo sempendulo esisetyenzisiweyo, sahlulwe kwiindlela ezimbini zokulawula: i-loop evaliweyo kunye ne-semi-closed loop.
① Ulawulo olugcweleyo oluvaliweyo Njengoko kubonisiwe emfanekisweni, isixhobo sengxelo yesikhundla saso sisebenzisa inqaku lokubona ukufuduswa komgama (okwangoku ngokuqhelekileyo irula yokugalela) efakwe kwisali yesixhobo somatshini, oko kukuthi, ukubona ngokuthe ngqo ukufuduswa kwesixhobo somatshini. ulungelelaniso. Impazamo yothumelo kuwo wonke umxokelelwane wothumelo lomatshini ukusuka kwimoto ukuya kwisali yesixhobo somatshini inokupheliswa ngempendulo, ngaloo ndlela ifumana ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwe-static kwesixhobo somatshini. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni iimpawu ze-friction, ukuqina, kunye nokukhutshwa kweekhonkco ezininzi zokuhambisa oomatshini kwi-loop yokulawula yonke i-nonlinear, ixesha lokuphendula eliguquguqukayo lalo lonke ikhonkco lokuhanjiswa komatshini likhulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nexesha lokuphendula kombane. Oku kuzisa ubunzima obukhulu kulungiso lozinzo lwenkqubo yonke evaliweyo, kwaye uyilo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo nalo lunzima kakhulu. Ngoko ke, le ndlela yokulawula i-loop epheleleyo evaliweyo isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-CNC yokulungelelanisa oomatshini kunyeCNC ukuchanekaiigrinder ezineemfuno ezichanekileyo eziphezulu.
② Ulawulo lwe-Semi-closed-loop Njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo, impendulo yesimo sayo isebenzisa i-angle yokubona i-angle (okwangoku ikakhulu i-encoders, njl.), efakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-servo motor okanye ekupheleni kwe-screw lead. Ekubeni uninzi lwamakhonkco othungelwano ngoomatshini alufakwanga kwi-loop evaliweyo yenkqubo, kubizwa ngokuba kukufumana uphawu lokulawula oluzinzile. Iimpazamo zothumelo lomatshini ezifana nezikrufu zokukhokela azinakulungiswa nangaliphi na ixesha ngempendulo, kodwa iindlela zembuyekezo eziqhubekayo zesoftware zingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukuchaneka kwazo. Okwangoku, uninzi lwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zisebenzisa iindlela zokulawula i-loop evaliweyo
⑶ Ulawulo lwe-Hybrid izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ngokukhetha ukugxila kwiimpawu zeendlela zokulawula ezingentla ukwenza isikimu solawulo lomxube. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ekubeni indlela yokulawula i-open-loop inozinzo oluhle, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukuchaneka okungahambi kakuhle, kunye nozinzo oluvaliweyo oluvaliweyo luhluphekile, ukwenzela ukuhlawulela omnye nomnye kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokulawula izixhobo ezithile zomatshini, i-hybrid. indlela yokulawula kufuneka yamkelwe. Ezona ndlela zimbini ziqhele ukusetyenziswa luhlobo lwembuyekezo oluvulelekileyo kunye nohlobo lwembuyekezo evaliweyo.
3. Ukuhlelwa ngokwenqanaba lomsebenzi wenkqubo ye-CNC
Ngokomgangatho wokusebenza wenkqubo ye-CNC, inkqubo ye-CNC idla ngokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu: aphantsi, aphakathi, naphezulu. Le ndlela yokuhlelwa isetyenziswa kakhulu kwilizwe lam. Imida yamanqanaba amathathu aphantsi, aphakathi, naphezulu anxulumene, kwaye imigangatho yokuhlela iya kwahluka ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ukujonga kwinqanaba langoku lophuhliso, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo ze-CNC zinokuhlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: aphantsi, aphakathi, kunye naphezulu, ngokweminye imisebenzi kunye nezalathi. Phakathi kwazo, okuphakathi kunye nesiphelo esiphezulu zibizwa ngokuba yi-CNC epheleleyo okanye i-CNC eqhelekileyo.
⑴ Ukusika isinyithi kubhekiselele kumatshini we-CNC wezixhobo ezisebenzisa iinkqubo zokusika ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngokujika, ukungqusha, impembelelo, ukubuyisela kwakhona, ukugrumba, ukugaya kunye nokucwangcisa. Inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini alandelayo.
① Izixhobo zoomatshini eziqhelekileyo ze-CNC, ezifana ne-CNC lathes, oomatshini bokungqusha be-CNC, oomatshini bokusila be-CNC, njl.
② Eyona nto iphambili kwiziko lomatshini lithala leencwadi elinesixhobo sokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo; iworkpiece ibambene kube kanye. Emva kokudibanisa, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zitshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokusila (ukujika), ukuphinda, ukubhola, kunye nokucofa ngokuqhubekayo kwenziwa kwisixhobo somatshini esifanayo kwindawo nganye yokucwangcisa indawo yokusebenza, efana (ukwakha / ukugaya) amaziko omatshini. , amaziko okujika, amaziko okugaya, njl.
⑵ Ukwenziwa kwesinyithi kubhekiselele kwizixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC ezisebenzisa iinkqubo zokubumba ezinje nge-extrusion, ukugqobhoza, ukucinezela, kunye nokuzoba. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo ziquka CNC cinezela, CNC ukugoba oomatshini, CNC imibhobho ukugoba oomatshini, CNC ukusonta oomatshini, njl.
⑶ Ukusetyenzwa okukhethekileyo kubandakanya i-CNC wire EDM, iCNC EDM yokwenza oomatshini, oomatshini bokusika amadangatye e-CNC, oomatshini bokulungisa i-CNC laser, njl.
⑷ Umlinganiselo kunye neemveliso zokuzoba ziquka ikakhulu oomatshini bokulinganisa abathathu, oomatshini bokucwangcisa izixhobo zeCNC, iiplani zeCNC, njl.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-05-2024