1.1 Ufakelo lwesixhobo somatshini we-CNC
1. Ngaphambi kokufika kwesixhobo somatshini we-CNC, umsebenzisi kufuneka alungiselele ukufakela ngokomzobo wesiseko somatshini onikezelwe ngumenzi.. Imingxuma egciniweyo kufuneka yenziwe kwindawo apho iibholiti ze-ankile ziya kufakwa khona. Emva kokunikezelwa, abasebenzi abagunyazisiweyo baya kulandela iinkqubo zokukhupha ukuthutha izixhobo zesixhobo somatshini kwindawo yokufakela kunye nokubeka amacandelo amakhulu kwisiseko ngokulandela imiyalelo.
Zakuba zisendaweni, iishim, iipads zohlengahlengiso, kunye neebholiti zeankile kufuneka zibekwe ngendlela efanelekileyo, emva koko iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo somatshini kufuneka zidityaniswe zenze umatshini opheleleyo. Emva kwendibano, iintambo, imibhobho yeoli, kunye nemibhobho yomoya kufuneka idityaniswe. Incwadi yesixhobo somatshini iquka imizobo yocingo lombane kunye negesi kunye nemizobo yepayipi ye-hydraulic. Iintambo ezifanelekileyo kunye nemibhobho kufuneka zidibaniswe nganye nganye ngokweempawu.
2. Amanyathelo okhuseleko kweli nqanaba alandelayo.
Emva kokukhupha isixhobo somatshini, inyathelo lokuqala kukufumana amaxwebhu ahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo, kubandakanywa noluhlu lokupakisha isixhobo somatshini, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iinxalenye, iintambo, kunye nezinto ezikwibhokisi yokupakisha nganye zihambelana noluhlu lokupakisha.
Ngaphambi kokudibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo somatshini, kubalulekile ukususa ipeyinti echasene nomhlwa kwindawo yokudibanisa ukufakela, iileyili zesikhokelo, kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo ezihambayo kwaye ucoce ngokucokisekileyo umphezulu wecandelo ngalinye.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokudibanisa, qaphela ngokucokisekileyo ukucoca, ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano oluthembekileyo kunye nokutywinwa, kwaye ukhangele nayiphi na i-looseness okanye umonakalo. Emva kokungena kwiintambo, qiniseka ukuba uqinise i-screws yokulungisa ukuqinisekisa ukuxhamla okukhuselekileyo. Xa udibanisa i-oyile kunye neepayipi zomoya, thatha izilumkiso ezikhethekileyo zokuthintela izinto zangaphandle ukuba zingangeni kumbhobho ukusuka kwi-interface, enokubangela ukuba inkqubo yonke ye-hydraulic ingasebenzi kakuhle. Umdibaniso ngamnye kufuneka uqiniswe xa udibanisa umbhobho. Emva kokuba iintambo kunye nemibhobho zidityanisiwe, kufuneka zikhuselwe, kwaye iqokobhe elikhuselayo elikhuselayo kufuneka lifakwe ukuqinisekisa ukubukeka okucocekileyo.
1.2 Uqhagamshelwano lwenkqubo ye-CNC
1) Ukuhlolwa kokukhutshwa kwenkqubo ye-CNC.
Emva kokufumana inkqubo enye ye-CNC okanye inkqubo epheleleyo ye-CNC ethengwe ngesixhobo somatshini, kubalulekile ukuyihlola ngokucokisekileyo. Olu hlolo kufuneka lugqume umzimba wenkqubo, iyunithi yokulawula isantya sokutya kunye ne-servo motor, kunye neyunithi yokulawula i-spindle kunye ne-spindle motor.
2) Ukudityaniswa kweentambo zangaphandle.
Uqhagamshelo lwentambo yangaphandle ibhekisa kwiintambo eziqhagamshela inkqubo ye-CNC kwiyunithi yangaphandle ye-MDI/CRT, ikhabhathi yamandla, ipaneli yokusebenza yesixhobo somatshini, intambo yamandla ye-servo ye-feed, umgca wengxelo, intambo yamandla ejikelezayo, kunye nengxelo. umgca wesignali, kunye nejenereyitha yepulse ehlatywe ngesandla. Ezi ntambo kufuneka zihambelane nencwadana yokudibanisa enikezelwe ngumatshini, kwaye ucingo lomhlaba kufuneka ludibaniswe ekupheleni.
3) Uqhagamshelo lwentambo yamandla enkqubo ye-CNC.
Qhagamshela ikhebula lokufaka umbane wenkqubo ye-CNC xa ukucinywa kombane wekhabhinethi ye-CNC.
4) Ukuqinisekiswa kwezicwangciso.
Kukho amanqaku amaninzi ohlengahlengiso kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo kwinkqubo ye-CNC, edityaniswe neentambo ze-jumper. Ezi zifuna ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo ukulungelelanisa neemfuno ezithile zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zoomatshini.
5) Ukuqinisekiswa kwegalelo lombane wobonelelo lwamandla, ukuphindaphinda, kunye nokulandelelana kwesigaba.
Phambi kokunika amandla kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-CNC, kubalulekile ukujonga umbane wangaphakathi olawulwa yi-DC obonelela inkqubo nge-±5V eyimfuneko, i-24V, kunye nezinye ii-voltages ze-DC. Qinisekisa ukuba umthwalo wolu nikezelo lwamandla awujikeleziswanga phantsi. I-multimeter ingasetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa oku.
6) Qinisekisa ukuba i-terminal ephumayo yombane yeyunithi yobonelelo lombane ye-DC imfutshane emhlabeni.
7) Vula amandla ekhabhinethi ye-CNC kwaye ukhangele i-voltages ephumayo.
Phambi kokuba uvule umbane, qhawula intambo yamandla enjini ukuze ukhuseleke. Emva kokukhanyisa, khangela ukuba abalandeli kwikhabhinethi ye-CNC bayajikeleza ukuqinisekisa amandla.
8) Qinisekisa izicwangciso zeeparamitha zenkqubo ye-CNC.
9) Qinisekisa i-interface phakathi kwenkqubo ye-CNC kunye nesixhobo somatshini.
Emva kokugqiba la manyathelo akhankanywe ngasentla, sinokugqiba ukuba inkqubo ye-CNC ihlengahlengiswe kwaye ngoku ilungele uvavanyo lwamandla e-intanethi kunye nesixhobo somatshini. Ngeli xesha, ukunikezelwa kwamandla kwinkqubo ye-CNC kunokuvalwa, umgca wamandla wemoto unokudibaniswa, kwaye i-alarm setting ingabuyiselwa.
1.3 Uvavanyo lwamandla ombane lwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC
Ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zoomatshini, bhekisa kwincwadana yesixhobo somatshini we-CNC kwimiyalelo yokuthambisa. Gcwalisa iindawo zokuthambisa ezichaziweyo ngeoyile ecetyiswayo kunye negrisi, coca itanki yeoli yehydraulic kunye nesihluzo, kwaye uyigcwalise ngeoyile efanelekileyo yehydraulic. Ukongeza, qiniseka ukudibanisa umthombo womoya wangaphandle.
Xa unika amandla kwisixhobo somatshini, unokukhetha ukunika amandla onke amalungu ngaxeshanye okanye unike amandla icandelo ngalinye ngokwahlukileyo ngaphambi kokuba wenze uvavanyo lonikezelo lwamandla lulonke. Xa uvavanya inkqubo ye-CNC kunye nesixhobo somatshini, nokuba inkqubo ye-CNC isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwee-alamu, hlala ulungele ukucinezela iqhosha lokumisa likaxakeka ukunqumla amandla xa kuyimfuneko. Sebenzisa i-manual feed eqhubekayo ukuhambisa i-axis nganye kwaye uqinisekise intshukumo echanekileyo yecandelo lesixhobo somatshini ngexabiso lokubonisa le-CRT okanye i-DPL (umboniso wedijithali).
Khangela ukuhambelana komgama wokuhamba kwe-axis nganye kunye nemiyalelo yokuhamba. Ukuba kukho iiyantlukwano, qinisekisa imiyalelo efanelekileyo, iiparamitha zempendulo, ulawulo lwendawo oluzuzwayo, kunye nolunye useto lweparameter. Hambisa i-axis nganye ngesantya esiphantsi usebenzisa ukondla okwenziwa ngesandla, uqinisekisa ukuba babetha i-overtravel switch ukujonga ukusebenza komda we-overtravel kunye nokuba inkqubo ye-CNC ikhupha i-alam xa i-overtravel isenzeka. Ukuphonononga ngokucokisekileyo ukuba ixabiso lokucwangcisa ipharamitha kwinkqubo ye-CNC kunye nesixhobo se-PMC sihambelana nedatha echaziweyo kwidatha engahleliweyo.
Vavanya iindlela zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo (i-manual, i-intshing, i-MDI, imowudi ezenzekelayo, njl. njl.), imiyalelo ye-spindle shift, kunye nemiyalelo yesantya kuwo onke amanqanaba ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwabo. Okokugqibela, yenza ukubuyisela kwinqaku lesenzo. Indawo yereferensi isebenza njengendawo yereferensi yenkqubo yokusetyenzwa kwesixhobo somatshini kwixesha elizayo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ubukho bomsebenzi wenqaku lereferensi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukubuyiswa okungaguqukiyo kwendawo yereferensi ngexesha ngalinye.
1.4 Ukufakwa kunye nohlengahlengiso lwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC
Njengoko kwi-CNC yomshini wesixhobo somshini, ukuhlolwa okubanzi kuqhutywe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunye nokupheleleyo kwamacandelo aphambili, okwenza ukuba zonke iinkalo zesixhobo somatshini zisebenze kwaye zihambe ngokufanelekileyo. Iinkqubo yokuvelisa i-cnckubandakanya ukulungelelanisa umgangatho webhedi yesixhobo somatshini kunye nokwenza uhlengahlengiso lwangaphambili kwi-geometric echanekileyo yokuchaneka. Emva koko, indawo ehambelanayo yeendawo ezihamba phambili ezidityanisiweyo kunye nomatshini oyintloko uhlengahlengiswa. Iibholiti ze-Anchor zomatshini oyintloko kunye nezixhobo zizaliswe nge-samente yokumisa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imingxuma egciniweyo nayo izaliswe, ivumela ukuba i-samente yome ngokupheleleyo.
Ukulungiswa kakuhle kwinqanaba eliphambili lebhedi yesixhobo somatshini kwisiseko esiqinileyo siqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa iibholiti ze-anchor kunye ne-shims. Nje ukuba inqanaba lisungulwe, iindawo ezihambayo ebhedini, njengekholamu ephambili, isilayidi, kunye nebhentshi yokusebenzela, ziyashukunyiswa ukuze zijonge ukuguqulwa okuthe tye kwesixhobo somatshini ngaphakathi kokubetha ngokupheleleyo kolungelelwaniso ngalunye. Ukuchaneka kwejometri yesixhobo somatshini emva koko kulungelelaniswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iwela ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elivumelekileyo lephutha. Inqanaba elichanekileyo, irula yesikwere esiqhelekileyo, irula ecaba, kunye ne-collimator ziphakathi kwezixhobo zokubona ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yohlengahlengiso. Ngexesha lohlengahlengiso, kugxininiswa ngokuyinhloko ekulungiseni i-shims, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukwenza ukuguqulwa okuncinci kwimicu ye-inlay kunye ne-roller preload kwi-rails yesikhokelo.
1.5 Ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokutshintsha izixhobo kwiziko lomatshini
Ukuqalisa inkqubo yokutshintshiselana kwesixhobo, isixhobo somatshini siqondiswe ukuba sihambe ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo yokutshintshiselana ngesixhobo usebenzisa iinkqubo ezithile ezifana ne-G28 Y0 Z0 okanye i-G30 Y0 Z0. Isikhundla isixhobo sokulayishwa kunye nokukhulula i-manipulator ngokumalunga ne-spindle ke ilungiswa ngesandla, ngoncedo lwe-mandrel yokulinganisa ukubhaqwa. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpazamo ezifunyenweyo, i-stroke ye-manipulator inokulungiswa, inkxaso ye-manipulator kunye nesithuba semagazini yesixhobo sinokushukunyiswa, kwaye ukusetwa kwendawo yokutshintsha isixhobo kunokutshintshwa xa kuyimfuneko, ngokuguqula i-parameter setting kwi-CNC system.
Ekugqityweni kohlengahlengiso, izikhonkwane zohlengahlengiso kunye neebholiti ze-anchor zemagazini yesixhobo ziqinisiwe. Emva koko, abanini bezixhobo ezininzi abasondele kubunzima obuchaziweyo obuvumelekileyo bafakelwe, kwaye utshintshiselwano oluzenzekelayo oluphindaphindiweyo ukusuka kwimagazini yesixhobo ukuya kwi-spindle luyenziwa. Ezi ntshukumo kufuneka zichaneke, ngaphandle kokungqubana okanye ukuwisa isixhobo.
Kwizixhobo zomatshini ezixhotyiswe ngeetafile zokutshintshiselana kwe-APC, itafile ishukunyiswa kwindawo yokutshintshiselana, kwaye indawo ehambelanayo yesikhululo se-pallet kunye nomgangatho wetafile wotshintshiselwano ulungelelaniswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe isenzo esigudileyo, esithembekileyo, nesichanekileyo ngexesha lokutshintsha isixhobo esizenzekelayo. Ukulandela oku, i-70-80% yomthwalo ovumelekileyo ubekwe kwindawo yokusebenza, kwaye izenzo ezininzi zokutshintshiselana ngokuzenzekelayo zenziwa. Emva kokuba ukuchaneka kufezekisiwe, izikrufu ezifanelekileyo ziqiniswa.
1.6 Ukusebenza kovavanyo lwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC
Emva kokufakela kunye nokugunyaziswa kwezixhobo zomatshini we-CNC, umatshini wonke kufuneka usebenze ngokuzenzekelayo ixesha elongezelelweyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile zomthwalo ukuze uhlolisise kakuhle imisebenzi yomatshini kunye nokuthembeka kokusebenza. Akukho mgaqo usemgangathweni ngexesha lokusebenza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iqhuba iiyure ezisi-8 ngosuku ngokuqhubekayo kangangeentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3, okanye iiyure ezingama-24 ngokuqhubekayo kangangeentsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2. Le nkqubo kubhekiselwa kuyo njengomsebenzi wovavanyo emva kofakelo.
Inkqubo yovavanyo kufuneka ibandakanye ukuvavanya imisebenzi yenkqubo engundoqo ye-CNC, ngokutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo i-2/3 yezixhobo kwimagazini yesixhobo, ukuvavanya isantya esiphezulu, esisezantsi, kunye nesantya esiqhelekileyo se-spindle, ngokukhawuleza kunye nesantya sokutya esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ukutshintshiselana ngokuzenzekelayo. yendawo yokusebenza, kunye nokusebenzisa imiyalelo engundoqo engu-M. Ngethuba lokusebenza kovavanyo, imagazini yesixhobo somatshini kufuneka igcwele abanikazi besixhobo, ubunzima bomphathi wesixhobo kufuneka bube kufuphi nesisindo esivumelekileyo esichaziweyo, kunye nomthwalo kufuneka wongezwe kwindawo yomsebenzi wokutshintshiselana. Ngexesha lokusebenza kovavanyo, akukho ziphoso zesixhobo somatshini ezivunyelwe ukuba zenzeke ngaphandle kweempazamo ezibangelwa yimpazamo yokusebenza. Ngaphandle koko, ibonisa iingxaki ngokufakela kunye nokugunyaziswa kwesixhobo somatshini.
1.7 Ukwamkelwa kwezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC
Emva kokuba abasebenzi abagunyazisiweyo besixhobo somatshini bagqibe ukufakwa kunye nokugunyaziswa kwesixhobo somatshini, ukwamkelwa komsebenzisi wesixhobo somatshini we-CNC kubandakanya ukulinganisa izalathisi ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kwisatifikethi sesixhobo somatshini. Oku kwenziwa ngokwemiqathango yokwamkelwa echazwe kwisatifikethi sokuhlola isixhobo somatshini womatshini usebenzisa iindlela zokubona ezibonelelweyo. Iziphumo zokwamkelwa ziya kusebenza njengesiseko sokugcinwa kwezalathi zobugcisa kwixesha elizayo. Umsebenzi ophambili wokwamkelwa uchazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1) Ukuhlolwa kwembonakalo yesixhobo somatshini: Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okucacileyo kunye nokwamkelwa kwesixhobo somatshini we-CNC, ukubonakala kwekhabhinethi ye-CNC kufuneka ihlolwe kwaye yamkelwe.Oku kufuneka kubandakanye le miba ilandelayo:
① Hlola ikhabhinethi ye-CNC ngomonakalo okanye ungcoliseko usebenzisa iliso leze. Jonga i-cable bundles zokudibanisa ezonakalisiweyo kunye ne-peeling shielding layers.
② Hlola ukuqina kwamacandelo kwikhabhinethi ye-CNC, kubandakanywa izikrufu, izihlanganisi, kunye neebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo.
③ Ukuhlolwa kwembonakalo ye-servo motor: Ngokukodwa, indawo yokuhlala ye-servo motor ene-pulse encoder kufuneka ihlolwe ngononophelo, ngakumbi isiphelo sayo esingasemva.
2) Ukusebenza kwesixhobo somatshini kunye novavanyo lomsebenzi weNC. Ngoku, thatha iziko lomatshini elithe nkqo njengomzekelo wokucacisa ezinye zezinto eziphambili zokuhlola.
① Ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-spindle.
② Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokutya.
③ Inkqubo yokutshintsha isixhobo ezenzekelayo.
④ Ingxolo yesixhobo somatshini. Iyonke ingxolo yesixhobo somatshini ngexesha lokusebenza ayisayi kuba ngaphezu kwe-80 dB.
⑤ Isixhobo sombane.
⑥ Isixhobo solawulo lwedijithali.
⑦ Isixhobo sokhuseleko.
⑧ Isixhobo sokuthambisa.
⑨ Isixhobo somoya kunye nolwelo.
⑩ Isincedisi isixhobo.
⑪ CNC umsebenzi.
⑫ Ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle komthwalo.
I-3) Ukuchaneka kwesixhobo somatshini we-CNC sibonisa iimpazamo zejometri zecandelo layo eliphambili lomatshini kunye nendibano. Apha ngezantsi kukho iinkcukacha zokuhlola ukuchaneka kwejometri yeziko lomatshini elithe nkqo eliqhelekileyo.
① Ukuthe tyaba kwetafile yokusebenza.
② I-Perpendicularity ehambelanayo yokuhamba kwindlela nganye yokulungelelanisa.
③ Ukuhambelana kwetafile yokusebenza xa uhamba kwicala le-X-coordinate.
④ Ukuhambelana kwetafile yokusebenza xa uhamba kwicala le-Y-coordinate.
⑤ Ukuhambelana kwecala le-T-slot ye-worktable xa uhamba kwi-X-coordinate direction.
⑥ Ukukhutshwa kwe-axial kwi-spindle.
⑦ Ukukhutshwa kweRadial kumngxuma wokusonta.
⑧ Ukuhambelana kwe-spindle axis xa ibhokisi yokuphotha ihamba kwi-Z-coordinate direction.
⑨ I-Perpendicularity ye-spindle rotation axis centerline kwi-worktable.
⑩ Ukuthe tye kwebhokisi yokusonta ehamba kwicala le-Z-coordinate.
I-4) Ukuhlolwa kokuchaneka kokuchaneka kwesixhobo somatshini kuvavanyo lokuchaneka okufezekiswayo ngamacandelo ahambayo omatshini ophantsi kolawulo lwesixhobo se-CNC. Imixholo yokuhlola ephambili ibandakanya uvavanyo lokuchaneka kokubeka.
① Ukuchaneka kokuma kwentshukumo (kubandakanya uX, Y, Z, U, V, kunye nomgca ohamba ngombane we-W).
② Isindululo somgca siphinda ukuchaneka kokuma.
③ Buyisela Ukuchaneka kwemvelaphi yomatshini we-axis yentshukumo yomgca.
④ Ukumiselwa kwexabiso lesantya esilahlekileyo kwintshukumo yomgca.
⑤ Ukuchaneka kwe-Rotary motion positioning (turntable A, B, C axis).
⑥ Phinda umise ukuchaneka kwentshukumo ejikelezayo.
⑦ Buyisela Ukuchaneka kwemvelaphi ye-axis ejikelezayo.
⑧ Ukumiselwa kwexabiso lesantya esilahlekileyo kwi-rotary axis motion.
I-5) Ukuhlolwa kokuchaneka kokuchaneka kwesixhobo somatshini kubandakanya ukuvavanywa ngokucokisekileyo kokuchaneka kwejometri kunye nokubeka ukuchaneka kwesixhobo somatshini ekusikeni nasekuqhubeni imisebenzi. Kumxholo wokuzenzekelayo kwimizi-mveliso kumaziko omatshini, ukuchaneka kwintsebenzo enye yeyona ndawo iphambili ekugxilwe kuyo.
① Ukuchaneka okukruqulayo.
② Ukuchaneka kwenqwelomoya yokugaya i-mill end (indiza ye-XY).
③ Ukuchaneka kwepitch yomngxuma odikayo kunye nokusasazwa kwedayamitha yomngxuma.
④ Ukuchaneka komgca wokusila.
⑤ Ukuchaneka kokugaya umgca we-Oblique.
⑥ Ukuchaneka kokugaya i-arc.
⑦ Ibhokisi ijike-jikelele i-coaxiality ekruqulayo (yezixhobo zomatshini ezithe tye).
⑧ Ukujikeleza okuthe tyaba kwe-turntable 90 ° isikwere sokusilacnc processingukuchaneka (kwizixhobo zomatshini ezithe tye).
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-16-2024