1, Ukuhlelwa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa
Isixhobo sokulinganisa sisixhobo esisisigxina esisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa okanye ukunika ixabiso elinye okanye ngaphezulu awaziwayo. Izixhobo zokulinganisa zingahlelwa ngokwezi ndidi zilandelayo ngokusekelwe ekusebenziseni kwazo:
Isixhobo sokulinganisa ixabiso elinye:Isixhobo esibonisa ixabiso elinye kuphela. Ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa kunye nokulungelelanisa ezinye izixhobo zokulinganisa okanye ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bokuthelekisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nento elinganisiweyo, njengeebhloko zokulinganisa, iibhloko zokulinganisa i-angle, njl.
Isixhobo sokulinganisa amaxabiso amaninzi:Isixhobo esinokubonisa uluhlu lwamaxabiso afanayo. Ingakwazi kwakhona ukulinganisa kunye nokulungelelanisa ezinye izixhobo zokulinganisa okanye ukuthelekisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nobungakanani obulinganisiweyo njengomgangatho, njengomlawuli womgca.
Izixhobo zokulinganisa ezikhethekileyo:Izixhobo ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukuvavanya iparameter ethile. Ezona ziqhelekileyo ziquka iigeyiji zomda ogudileyo wokuhlola imingxunya egudileyo ye-cylindrical okanye i-shafts, i-thread gauges yokumisela isiqinisekiso semisonto yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle, iitemplates zokuhlola ukufumanisa isiqinisekiso semilo entsonkothileyo yomphezulu wecontours, iigeyiji ezisebenzayo zokuvavanya ukuchaneka kwendibano kusetyenziswa ukulinganisa ukudlula kwendibano, kwaye nangokunjalo.
Izixhobo zokulinganisa ngokubanzi:E-China, izixhobo zokulinganisa ezinezakhiwo ezilula ngokuqhelekileyo zibizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zokulinganisa jikelele, ezifana ne-vernier calipers, i-micrometers yangaphandle, izikhombisi zokudayela, njl.
2, Iimpawu zokusebenza kobugcisa bezixhobo zokulinganisa
Ixabiso legama
Ixabiso legama lichazwa kwisixhobo sokulinganisa ukubonisa iimpawu zayo okanye ukukhokela ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ibandakanya imilinganiselo ephawulwe kwibhloko yokulinganisa, irula, ii-engile eziphawulwe kwibhloko yokulinganisa i-angle, njalo njalo.
Ixabiso lokwahlula
Ixabiso lokwahlula ngumahluko phakathi kwamaxabiso amelwe yimigca emibini emeleneyo (ubuncinane bexabiso leyunithi) kwirula yesixhobo sokulinganisa. Umzekelo, ukuba umahluko phakathi kwamaxabiso amelwe yimigca emibini ekroliweyo ekufutshane kwisilinda esahlukileyo se-micrometer yangaphandle ngu-0.01mm, ngoko ke ixabiso lokwahlulwa kwesixhobo sokulinganisa ngu-0.01mm. Ixabiso lokwahlula limele ubuncinci bexabiso leyunithi esinokuthi isixhobo sokulinganisa sifunde ngokuthe ngqo, sibonisa ukuchaneka kwayo kunye nokuchaneka komlinganiselo.
Uluhlu lomlinganiselo
Uluhlu lokulinganisa luluhlu ukusuka kumda ophantsi ukuya kumda ophezulu wexabiso elilinganisiweyo esinokuthi isixhobo sokulinganisa silinganiswe ngaphakathi kokungaqiniseki okuvumelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, umlinganiselo wokulinganisa we-micrometer yangaphandle ngu-0-25mm, 25-50mm, njl., ngelixa umlinganiselo wokulinganisa umlinganisi womatshini ngu-0-180mm.
Amandla okulinganisa
Amandla okulinganisa abhekiselele kuxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano phakathi kwesixhobo sokulinganisa isixhobo kunye nomphezulu olinganisiweyo ngexesha lomlinganiso woqhagamshelwano. Amandla okulinganisa okugqithisileyo anokubangela ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic, ngelixa amandla anganeleyo okulinganisa anokuchaphazela ukuzinza koqhagamshelwano.
Impazamo yesalathisi
Impazamo yesalathiso ngumahluko phakathi kokufundwa kwesixhobo sokulinganisa kunye nexabiso lokwenyani elilinganiswayo. Ibonisa iimpazamo ezahlukeneyo kwisixhobo sokulinganisa ngokwaso. Impazamo yesalathiso iyahluka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ngaphakathi koluhlu lwesalathisi sesixhobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iibhloko zokulinganisa okanye ezinye imigangatho ngokuchaneka okufanelekileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukungqinisisa impazamo yokubonisa izixhobo zokulinganisa.
3, Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa
Ngaphambi kokuthatha nayiphi na imilinganiselo, kubalulekile ukukhetha isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokulinganisa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezithile zecandelo elivavanywayo, njengobude, ububanzi, ukuphakama, ubunzulu, i-diameter yangaphandle, kunye nokwahlukana kwecandelo. Ungasebenzisa ii-calipers, iigeji zobude, ii-micrometers, kunye neejiji zobunzulu kwimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo. I-micrometer okanye i-caliper ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ububanzi be-shaft. Iigeyiji zeplagi, iigeyiji zeebhloko, kunye neegeyiji zokuziva zifanelekile ukulinganisa imingxuma kunye neegrooves. Sebenzisa irula yesikwere ukulinganisa iiengile ezichanekileyo zamalungu, igeyiji engu-R yokulinganisa ixabiso le-R, kwaye uqwalasele idimension yesithathu kunye nemilinganiselo ye-aniline xa uchaneka ophezulu okanye ukunyamezelana okuncinci kuyadingeka okanye xa kubalwa ukunyamezela kwejometri. Ekugqibeleni, umvavanyi wobulukhuni unokusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubulukhuni bentsimbi.
1. Ukusetyenziswa kweeCalipers
IiCalipers zizixhobo eziguquguqukayo ezinokulinganisa i-diameter yangaphakathi nangaphandle, ubude, ububanzi, ubukhulu, umahluko wenyathelo, ubude kunye nobunzulu bezinto. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa ngenxa yokulula kwazo kunye nokuchaneka. I-Digital calipers, enesisombululo se-0.01mm, yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulinganisa imilinganiselo kunye nokunyamezela okuncinci, ukubonelela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu.
Ikhadi letheyibhile: Isisombululo se-0.02mm, esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo.
I-Vernier caliper: isisombululo se-0.02mm, esetyenziselwa umlinganiselo womatshini orhabaxa.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-caliper, iphepha elimhlophe elicocekileyo kufuneka lisetyenziswe ukususa uthuli kunye nokungcola ngokusebenzisa indawo yokulinganisa yangaphandle ye-caliper ukuze ubambe iphepha elimhlophe kwaye emva koko uyikhuphe ngokwemvelo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo amaxesha angama-2-3.
Xa usebenzisa i-caliper yokulinganisa, qinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wokulinganisa we-caliper uhambelana okanye u-perpendicular kumgangatho wokulinganisa into elinganiswa kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Xa usebenzisa umlinganiselo wobunzulu, ukuba into elinganiswayo ine-angle engu-R, kuyimfuneko ukuphepha i-angle engu-R kodwa uhlale usondele kuyo. Igeyiji yobunzulu kufuneka igcinwe i-perpendicular kubude obulinganiswa kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Xa ulinganisa i-cylinder nge-caliper, jikeleza kwaye ulinganise kumacandelo ukuze ufumane ixabiso eliphezulu.
Ngenxa yobuninzi bee-calipers ezisetyenziswayo, umsebenzi wokulondoloza kufuneka wenziwe kangangoko unako. Emva kokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke, kufuneka zihlanjululwe kwaye zifakwe kwibhokisi. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, ibhloko yokulinganisa kufuneka isetyenziswe ukujonga ukuchaneka kwe-caliper.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kweMicrometer
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-micrometer, coca indawo yoqhagamshelwano kunye ne-screw ngephepha elimhlophe elicocekileyo. Sebenzisa i-micrometer ukulinganisa umphezulu woqhagamshelwano kunye ne-screw surface ngokucinezela iphepha elimhlophe kwaye emva koko ulitsale ngokwemvelo amaxesha angama-2-3. Emva koko, jija i-knob ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano olukhawulezayo phakathi kwemigangatho. Xa benxibelelana ngokupheleleyo, sebenzisa uhlengahlengiso oluhle. Emva kokuba omabini amacala edibene ngokupheleleyo, lungisa indawo ye-zero uze uqhubeke nomlinganiselo. Xa ulinganisa i-hardware nge-micrometer, lungisa i-knob kwaye usebenzise ukulungiswa okulungileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-workpiece ichukunyiswa ngokukhawuleza. Xa usiva izandi ezintathu zokucofa, yima kwaye ufunde idatha kwiscreen sokubonisa okanye isikali. Kwiimveliso zeplastiki, chukumisa ngobunono umphezulu woqhagamshelwano kwaye ujike ngemveliso. Xa ulinganisa ububanzi be-shaft nge-micrometer, linganisa ubuncinane kwiindlela ezimbini kwaye urekhode ixabiso eliphezulu kumacandelo. Qinisekisa ukuba zombini iindawo zoqhagamshelwano zemicrometer zicocekile ngamaxesha onke ukunciphisa iimpazamo zomlinganiselo.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwerula yobude
Igeyiji yobude isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukulinganisa ubude, ubunzulu, ukucaba, i-perpendicularity, ukugxila, i-coaxiality, uburhabaxa bomphezulu, ukuphuma kwezinyo legiya, kunye nobunzulu. Xa usebenzisa i-gauge yobude, inyathelo lokuqala kukukhangela ukuba intloko yokulinganisa kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zokuxhuma zikhululekile.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kweegeyiji zokuziva
Igeyiji yokuziva ifanelekile ukulinganisa ukucaba, ukugoba, kunye nokuthe tye
Umlinganiselo womcaba:
Beka iindawo eqongeni kwaye ulinganise isithuba phakathi kwamalungu kunye neqonga ngegeyiji yokuziva (qaphela: igeyiji yokuziva kufuneka icinezelwe ngokuqinileyo eqongeni ngaphandle kwesithuba sokulinganisa)
Umlinganiselo wokuthe tye:
Jikelezisa indawo eseqongeni kube kanye kwaye ulinganise umsantsa phakathi kwendawo kunye neqonga ngegeyiji yokuvakala.
Umlinganiselo wokugoba:
Beka iindawo eqongeni kwaye ukhethe igeyiji yokulinganisa imvakalelo ehambelanayo ukulinganisa isithuba phakathi kwamacala amabini okanye umbindi wamacandelo kunye neqonga.
Umlinganiselo wokuthe nkqo:
Beka elinye icala le-engile ka-zero yasekunene eqongeni, kwaye ubeke elinye icala ngokuqinileyo kwirula yasekunene. Sebenzisa igeyiji yokulinganisa ubungakanani bomsantsa phakathi kwecandelo kunye nerula ye-engile elungileyo.
5. Ukusetyenziswa kwegeyiji yeplagi (inaliti):
Ilungele ukulinganisa i-diameter yangaphakathi, ububanzi begroove, kunye nokukhutshwa kwemingxuma.
Xa ububanzi bomngxuma kwindawo bukhulu kwaye kungekho naliti efanelekileyo yegeyiji ekhoyo, iigeji ezimbini zeeplagi zingasetyenziselwa kunye ukulinganisa kwicala le-360-degree. Ukugcina iigeyiji zeplagi kwindawo kwaye wenze ukulinganisa kube lula, zinokukhuselwa kwibhloko yemagnethi emile okwe-V.
Umlinganiselo wokuvula
Umlinganiselo wangaphakathi womngxuma: Xa ulinganisa i-aperture, ukungena kuthathwa njengento efanelekileyo, njengoko kuboniswe kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo.
Ingqalelo: Xa ulinganisa ngegeyiji yeplagi, kufuneka ifakwe ngokuthe nkqo ingabi ngediagonally.
6. Isixhobo sokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo: i-anime
I-anime sisixhobo sokulinganisa esingadibananga esinika ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuchaneka. Into yokuva yesixhobo sokulinganisa ayidibanisi ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho womlinganiseloiindawo zonyango, ngoko akukho mandla omatshini asebenza kumlinganiselo.
I-anime idlulisela umfanekiso ofakiweyo kwikhadi ledatha yokufumana idatha yekhompyuter ngokuqikelela ngomgca wedatha, kwaye emva koko isoftware ibonisa imifanekiso kwikhompyuter. Inokulinganisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zejometri (amanqaku, imigca, izangqa, ii-arcs, iiellipses, uxande), imigama, ii-engile, iindawo zokuhlangana, kunye nokunyamezelana kweendawo (ukungqukuva, ukuchaneka, ukuhambelana, ukuhambelana, ukuthambekela, ukuchaneka kwendawo, ukugxila, ukulinganisa) kwiindawo. , kwaye unokwenza umzobo we-contour ye-2D kunye nemveliso ye-CAD. Esi sixhobo asivumeli kuphela i-contour ye-workpiece ukuba ijongwe kodwa inokulinganisa ubume bomphezulu be-opaque workpieces.
Umlinganiselo wento eqhelekileyo yejiyometri: Isangqa esingaphakathi kwindawo eboniswe kumfanekiso yi-engile ebukhali kwaye inokulinganiswa kuphela ngentelekelelo.
Ukuqwalaselwa kwe-electrode machining surface: i-anime lens inomsebenzi wokwandisa ukuhlola uburhabaxa emva komatshini we-electrode (khulisa umfanekiso ngamaxesha angama-100).
Ubungakanani obuncinci bomlinganiselo wegroove
Ukufunyanwa kwesango:Ngexesha lokusetyenzwa komngundo, kuhlala kukho amasango afihliweyo kwindawo yokubeka, kwaye izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokubona azivumelekanga ukuba zilinganise. Ukufumana ubungakanani besango, sinokusebenzisa udaka lwerabha ukunamathela kwisango lerabha. Emva koko, imilo yesango lerabha iya kuprintwa kudongwe. Emva koko, ubukhulu besitampu sodongwe bunokulinganiswa ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-caliper.
Qaphela: Kuba akukho mandla omatshini ngexesha lokulinganisa i-anime, umlinganiselo we-anime uya kusetyenziswa kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwiimveliso ezincinci nezithambileyo.
7. Izixhobo zokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo: ezintathu-dimensional
Iimpawu zomlinganiselo we-3D ziquka ukuchaneka okuphezulu (ukuya kwizinga le-µm) kunye nehlabathi jikelele. Ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa izinto zejometri ezifana neesilinda kunye neecones, ukunyamezela kwejometri njenge-cylindricity, flatness, iprofayili yomgca, iprofayili yomphezulu, kunye ne-coaxial, kunye neendawo ezinzima. Logama nje iprobe enamacala amathathu inokufikelela kwindawo, inokulinganisa imilinganiselo yejometri, indawo ejongeneyo, kunye neprofayile yomphezulu. Ukongeza, iikhompyuter zingasetyenziselwa ukucubungula idatha. Ngokuchaneka kwayo okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka, kunye nobuchule bedijithali, umlinganiselo we-3D uye waba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokusetyenzwa komngundo, ukuveliswa, kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho.
Ezinye iimolds ziyalungiswa kwaye okwangoku azinayo imizobo ye-3D ekhoyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, amaxabiso okulungelelaniswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-contours yomhlaba engaqhelekanga inokulinganiswa. Le milinganiselo inokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kusetyenziswa isoftware yokuzoba ukwenza imizobo ye-3D esekwe kwizinto ezilinganisiweyo. Le nkqubo yenza ukuba kusetyenzwe ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo kunye nokuguqulwa. Emva kokumisela ulungelelwaniso, nayiphi na indawo ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa amaxabiso okulungelelanisa.
Xa usebenza ngeendawo ezicutshungulwayo, kunokuba ngumngeni ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana noyilo okanye ukufumanisa ukulingana okungaqhelekanga ngexesha lokudibanisa, ngakumbi xa ujongene ne-contours yomhlaba ongaqhelekanga. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, akunakwenzeka ukulinganisa izinto zejometri ngokuthe ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, imodeli ye-3D inokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ukuthelekisa imilinganiselo kunye namacandelo, inceda ukuchonga iimpazamo zomatshini. Amaxabiso alinganisiweyo amele ukunxaxha phakathi kwamaxabiso okwenene nawethiyori, kwaye anokulungiswa lula kwaye aphuculwe. (Umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa idatha yokutenxa phakathi kwamaxabiso alinganisiweyo kunye nethiyori).
8. Ukusetyenziswa komvavanyi wobulukhuni
Abavavanyi bobulukhuni abasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-Rockwell hardness tester (desktop) kunye ne-Leeb hardness tester (ephathekayo). Iiyunithi zobunzima ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yiRockwell HRC, iBrinell HB, kunye neVickers HV.
Umvavanyi wobulukhuni be-Rockwell HR (umvavanyi wobulukhuni bedesktop)
Indlela yokuvavanya ubulukhuni be-Rockwell isebenzisa i-cone ye-diamond ene-angle ephezulu yee-degrees ze-120 okanye ibhola yentsimbi enobubanzi be-1.59 / 3.18mm. Oku kucinezelekile kumphezulu wezinto ezivavanyiweyo phantsi komthwalo othile, kwaye ubunzima bezinto eziphathekayo buchongwa ngobunzulu be-indentation. Ubunzima obuhlukeneyo bezinto eziphathekayo bunokwahlulwa ngokwezikali ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: i-HRA, i-HRB, kunye ne-HRC.
I-HRA ilinganisa ubulukhuni isebenzisa i-60kg yomthwalo kunye ne-indenter ye-diamond cone, kwaye isetyenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu, njenge-alloy eqinile.
I-HRB ilinganisa ubulukhuni isebenzisa i-100kg yomthwalo kunye ne-1.58mm ububanzi bebhola yensimbi ecinyiweyo, kwaye isetyenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphantsi, njengentsimbi edibeneyo, isinyithi esityhidiweyo, kunye ne-alloy copper.
I-HRC ilinganisa ubulukhuni isebenzisa umthwalo we-150kg kunye ne-indenter ye-diamond cone, kwaye isetyenziselwa izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu, njengentsimbi ecinyiweyo, insimbi epholileyo, i-quenched kunye ne- tempered steel, kunye nenye insimbi engenasici.
Vickers ubulukhuni HV (ikakhulu kumlinganiselo wokuqina komphezulu)
Kuhlalutyo lwemicroscopic, sebenzisa i-diagonal cone indenter enomthwalo omkhulu we-120 kg kunye ne-engile ephezulu ye-136 ° ukucinezela kumphezulu wemathiriyeli kunye nokulinganisa ubude bediagonal yokuhlenga. Le ndlela ifanelekile ukuvavanya ubulukhuni bezinto zokusebenza ezinkulu kunye neengqimba ezinzulu zomhlaba.
Ubunzima beLeeb HL (umvavanyi wobulukhuni ophathwayo)
Ukuqina kweLeeb yindlela yokuvavanya ubulukhuni. Ixabiso lobulukhuni be-Leeb libalwa njengomlinganiselo wesantya sokubuyela kwakhona somzimba wempembelelo yenzwa yokuqina ukuya kwisantya sempembelelo kumgama we-1mm ukusuka kumphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza ngexesha lempembelelo.inkqubo yokuvelisa i-cnc, iphindaphindwe nge-1000.
Izinto eziluncedo:Umvavanyi wobulukhuni be-Leeb, ngokusekwe kwithiyori yobulukhuni be-Leeb, uguqule iindlela zokuvavanya ubulukhuni besintu. Ubungakanani obuncinci benzwa yokuqina, efana nepeni, ivumela ukuvavanywa kobunzima bokubamba ngesandla kwiindawo zokusebenza kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yokuvelisa, isakhono abanye abavavanyi bobulukhuni bedesktop abazama ukuyidibanisa.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-23-2024