Ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amandla omatshini we-CNC, abaqulunqi kufuneka bayile ngokwemigaqo ethile yokuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kuba imigangatho ethile yoshishino ayikho. Kweli nqaku, siqulunqe isikhokelo esibanzi kwezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zoyilo lwe-CNC machining. Sigxininise ekuchazeni ukuba nokwenzeka kweenkqubo ze-CNC zanamhlanje kwaye asizinanzanga iindleko ezihambelanayo. Ukuze ufumane isikhokelo kwiinxalenye zoyilo lwe-CNC, bhekisa kweli nqaku.
CNC Machining
I-CNC machining bubuchule bokuvelisa obuthathayo. Kwi-CNC, izixhobo zokusika ezihlukeneyo ezijikelezayo ngesantya esiphezulu (amawaka e-RPM) zisetyenziselwa ukuphelisa izinto eziphathekayo kwibhloko eqinile ukwenzela ukudala inxalenye esekelwe kwimodeli yeCAD. Zombini iintsimbi kunye neeplastiki zinokutshintshwa kusetyenziswa i-CNC.
Umatshini we-CNC unikezela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokunyamezelana okuqinileyo okufanelekileyo kuzo zombini imveliso ephezulu kunye nemisebenzi enye. Ngapha koko, ngoku yeyona ndlela ineendleko eziphezulu zokuvelisa iiprototypes zetsimbi, naxa kuthelekiswa noshicilelo lwe-3D.
IMida yoYilo oluPhambili lwe-CNC
I-CNC inikezela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu koyilo, kodwa kukho imida ethile yoyilo. Le mida inxulumene noomatshini abasisiseko benkqubo yokusika, ngokukodwa kwijiyometri yesixhobo kunye nokufikelela kwesixhobo.
1. Ukumila kwesixhobo
Ezona zixhobo zixhaphakileyo ze-CNC, ezifana ne-mill end kunye ne-drills, ziyi-cylindrical kwaye zinobude obunqamlekileyo bokusika. Njengoko izinto zisuswa kwi-workpiece, ukubunjwa kwesixhobo kuphinda kuphindwe kwinxalenye yomatshini.
Ngokomzekelo, oku kuthetha ukuba iikona zangaphakathi zecandelo le-CNC ziya kuhlala zineradiyasi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bungakanani besixhobo esisetyenzisiweyo.
2. Ukufowuna kwesixhobo
Xa ususa izinto eziphathekayo, isixhobo sisondela kwi-workpiece ngqo ukusuka phezulu. Oku akunakwenziwa ngomatshini we-CNC, ngaphandle kwee-undercuts, esiza kuxoxa ngazo kamva.
Luyilo olulungileyo lokuziqhelanisa nokulungelelanisa zonke iimpawu zemodeli, njengemingxuma, imingxuma, kunye neendonga ezithe nkqo, kunye nenye yeendlela ezintandathu zekhadinali. Oku kungaphezulu kwesiphakamiso kunomthintelo, ngakumbi kuba iinkqubo ze-CNC ze-5-axis zibonelela ngezakhono zokubamba umsebenzi ophezulu.
I-Tooling yinkxalabo xa kusenziwa iinxalenye ezineempawu ezinomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ukufikelela ezantsi kumngxuma onzulu kufuna isixhobo esikhethekileyo esine-shaft ende, enokunciphisa ukuqina komphumela, ukwandisa ukungcangcazela, kunye nokunciphisa ukuchaneka okufikelelekayo.
Imithetho yoYilo lweNkqubo yeCNC
Xa kuyilwa iinxalenye zeCNC machining, omnye wemicelimngeni kukungabikho kwemigangatho ethile yoshishino. Oku kungenxa yokuba umatshini we-CNC kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo bahlala bephucula amandla abo obugcisa, ngaloo ndlela bandisa uluhlu lwezinto ezinokufikelelwa. Apha ngezantsi, sinikezele ngetheyibhile eshwankathela amaxabiso acetyiswayo nanokwenzeka kwezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zifumaneka kwiindawo zomatshini ze-CNC.
1. Iipokotho kunye namaNgesi
Khumbula lo mbhalo ulandelayo: “Ubunzulu bepokotho obucetyiswayo: Ububanzi bepokotho ka-4. Iipilisi zokuphela zinobude obunqamlekileyo bokusika, ngokuqhelekileyo amaxesha angama-3-4 ububanzi bawo. Xa umyinge wobunzulu ukuya kububanzi buncinci, imiba efana nokuphambuka kwesixhobo, ukukhutshwa kwetshiphu, kunye nokungcangcazela kuye kuvele ngakumbi. Ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezilungileyo, nciphisa ubunzulu bomngxuma buphindaphindeke kane ububanzi bawo.”
Ukuba ufuna ubunzulu obungaphezulu, unokufuna ukucinga malunga nokuyila indawo enobunzulu obuguquguqukayo bomgodi (jonga umfanekiso ongentla kumzekelo). Xa kufikwa kumgodi onzulu wokusila, umngxuma uhlelwa njengobunzulu ukuba ubunzulu bawo bungaphezulu kophindwe kathandathu ububanzi besixhobo esisetyenziswayo. Isixhobo esikhethekileyo sivumela ubunzulu obuphezulu be-30 cm kunye ne-1-intshi ye-intshi ekupheleni kwe-mill, elingana nedayamitha yesixhobo ukuya kumlinganiselo wobunzulu be-30: 1.
2. Ngaphakathi emphethweni
Ireyidi yekona ethe nkqo: ⅓ x ubunzulu bomgodi (okanye ngaphezulu) kuyacetyiswa
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amaxabiso aphakanyisiweyo angaphakathi kwikona yeradiyasi ukukhetha isixhobo esilungileyo sobungakanani kunye nokuthobela izikhokelo ezicetyiswayo zobunzulu bomgodi. Ukunyusa kancinane iradiyasi yekona ngaphezu kwexabiso elicetyiswayo (umzekelo, nge-1 mm) kuvumela isixhobo ukusika kwindlela ejikelezayo endaweni ye-angle ye-90 °, okukhokelela ekugqityweni okungcono komphezulu. Ukuba i-90 ° ebukhali ngaphakathi kwikona iyafuneka, cinga ukongeza i-undercut emise okwe-T kunokunciphisa i-radius yekona. Kwi-radius yomgangatho, amaxabiso acetyiswayo ngu-0.5 mm, 1 mm, okanye akukho radius; nangona kunjalo, nayiphi na irediyasi yamkelekile. Umda osezantsi wesiphelo somngqusho usicaba okanye ungqukuva kancinci. Enye irediya yomgangatho inokwenziwa ngoomatshini kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokuphelisa ibhola. Ukubambelela kumaxabiso acetyiswayo luqheliselo olulungileyo njengoko kulukhetho olukhethwayo koomatshini.
3. Udonga olubhityileyo
Ubuncinci iingcebiso zobunzima bodonga: 0.8 mm (intsimbi), 1.5 mm (iplastiki); I-0.5 mm (intsimbi), i-1.0 mm (iplastiki) iyamkeleka
Ukunciphisa ubuninzi bodonga kunciphisa ukuqina kwezinto, okukhokelela ekwandeni kwee-vibrations ngexesha lomatshini kunye nokunciphisa ukuchaneka okufikelelekayo. Iiplastiki zinomkhwa wokujika ngenxa yoxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kwaye zithambe ngenxa yokwanda kwamaqondo obushushu, ngoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ubuncinci obukhulu bodonga.
4. Umngxuma
Ubungakanani boMgangatho boMgangatho weDiameter bayacetyiswa. Nasiphi na idiameter engaphezulu kwe-1 mm inokwenzeka. Ukwenziwa komngxuma kwenziwa nge-drill okanye ekuphelenicnc milled. Ubungakanani be-Drill bubekwe emgangathweni we-metric kunye neeyunithi zobukhosi. IiReamers kunye nezixhobo ezikruqulayo zisetyenziselwa ukugqiba imingxuma efuna ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo. Kwiidayamitha ezingaphantsi kwe-⌀20 mm, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise iidiameter eziqhelekileyo.
Ubunzulu obuninzi obucetyisiweyo 4 x ubukhulu begama; eqhelekileyo 10 x idiameter yegama; enokwenzeka 40 x idiameter yegama
Imingxunya yedayamitha engekho mgangathweni kufuneka yenziwe ngoomatshini kusetyenziswa isiphelo sokusila. Kule meko, umda wobunzulu bomgodi ophezulu uyasebenza, kwaye kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ixabiso eliphezulu lobunzulu. Ukuba udinga ukutshiza imingxuma enzulu kunexabiso eliqhelekileyo, sebenzisa i-drill ekhethekileyo kunye nobukhulu obuncinci be-3 mm. Imingxunya engaboniyo eyenziwe ngomatshini wokugaya inesiseko esicociweyo esine-engile ye-135 °, ngelixa imingxuma eyenziwe ngomatshini wokusila ithe tyaba. Kwi-CNC machining, akukho lukhetho lukhethekileyo phakathi kwemingxuma kunye nemingxuma eyimfama.
5. Imisonto
Ubuncinci bobungakanani bomsonto yiM2. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-M6 okanye imicu emikhulu. Imisonto yangaphakathi yenziwa kusetyenziswa iimpompo, ngelixa imisonto yangaphandle yenziwa kusetyenziswa iifa. Iimpompo kunye nokufa zingasetyenziselwa zombini ukwenza imisonto ye-M2. Izixhobo zokuthunga ze-CNC zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zikhethwa ngoomatshini kuba zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwempompo. Izixhobo zokuthunga ze-CNC zingasetyenziselwa ukudala iintambo ze-M6.
Ubude bomsonto ubuncinane yi-1.5 x i-diameter yegama; Kucetyiswa i-3 x idiameter yegama
Amazinyo ambalwa okuqala athwala ubuninzi bomthwalo kwintambo (ukuya kumaxesha angama-1.5 ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo). Ngoko ke, imisonto emikhulu kunophinda kathathu i-diameter yegama ayiyomfuneko. Kwimingxunya engaboniyo eyenziwe ngetephu (oko kukuthi yonke imisonto emincinci kuno-M6), yongeza ubude obungafundwanga obulingana no-1.5 umphinda-phindene wedayamitha esezantsi komngxuma.
Xa izixhobo zokuthunga ze-CNC zingasetyenziswa (oko kukuthi imisonto emikhulu kune-M6), umngxuma unokudityaniswa ngobude bawo bonke.
6. Iimpawu ezincinci
Ubuncinci bomngxunya obucetyiswayo yi-2.5 mm (0.1 in); ubuncinane be-0.05 mm (0.005 in) nayo yamkelekile. Uninzi lweevenkile zoomatshini zinokuchwetheza ngokuchanekileyo imingxuma emincinci kunye nemingxuma.
Nantoni na engaphantsi kwalo mda ithathwa njenge-micromachining.CNC echanekileyo yokusilaiimpawu ezinjalo (apho inguqu ebonakalayo yenkqubo yokusika ingaphakathi kolu luhlu) ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo (i-micro drills) kunye nolwazi lwengcali, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uziphephe ngaphandle kokuba kuyimfuneko.
7. Ukunyamezelana
Umgangatho: ±0.125 mm (0.005 ngaphakathi)
NONE
Ukusebenza: ±0.0125 mm (0.0005 ngaphakathi)
Ukunyamezelana kumisela imida eyamkelekileyo yemilinganiselo. Ukunyamezela okufikelelekayo kuxhomekeke kwimilinganiselo esisiseko yecandelo kunye nejometri. Iinqobo ezisemgangathweni ezibonelelweyo zizikhokelo ezisebenzayo. Ukungabikho kokunyamezela okuchaziweyo, uninzi lweevenkile zoomatshini ziya kusebenzisa umgangatho wokunyamezela ± 0.125 mm (0.005 in).
8. Umbhalo kunye nonobumba
Ubungakanani befonti obucetyiswayo bungama-20 (okanye ngaphezulu), kunye nombhalo we-5 mm
Umbhalo okroliweyo ukhethwa ngakumbi kunombhalo okroliweyo kuba ususa imathiriyeli encinci. Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ifonti ye-sans-serif, efana neMicrosoft YaHei okanye iVerdana, enobungakanani befonti ubuncinci ngamanqaku angama-20. Oomatshini abaninzi be-CNC baneendlela ezicwangciswe kwangaphambili zezi fonti.
Ukuseta oomatshini kunye nokuqhelaniswa nenxalenye
Umzobo weskim senxalenye efuna ulungelelwaniso oluninzi uboniswe ngezantsi:
Ukufikelela kwisixhobo ngumda obalulekileyo kuyilo lwe-CNC machining. Ukufikelela kuzo zonke iindawo zemodeli, i-workpiece kufuneka ijikelezwe ngamaxesha amaninzi. Umzekelo, indawo eboniswe kumfanekiso ongentla kufuneka ijikelezwe kathathu: kabini umatshini wokucoca imingxunya kwiindlela ezimbini eziphambili kwaye okwesithathu ukufikelela ngasemva kwenxalenye. Ngalo lonke ixesha i-workpiece ijikeleziswa, umatshini kufuneka uhlaziywe, kwaye inkqubo entsha yokulungelelanisa kufuneka ichazwe.
Qwalasela ukuseta koomatshini xa uyila ngenxa yezizathu ezibini eziphambili:
1. Inani lilonke lokuseta oomatshini lichaphazela iindleko. Ukujikeleza kunye nokulungelelanisa inxalenye kufuna inzame yezandla kwaye kwandisa ixesha lomatshini elipheleleyo. Ukuba inxalenye ifuna ukujikeleziswa amaxesha angama-3-4, ikholisa ukwamkeleka, kodwa nantoni na engaphaya kwalo mda igqithise.
2. Ukufezekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwesikhundla, zombini iimpawu kufuneka zenziwe ngomatshini ngokuseta okufanayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba inyathelo elitsha lomnxeba lazisa impazamo encinci (kodwa engahoywanga).
Five-Axis CNC Machining
Xa usebenzisa i-5-axis CNC machining, imfuno yokumisela oomatshini abaninzi inokupheliswa. I-Multi-axis CNC machining inokuvelisa iindawo ezinejometri ezintsonkothileyo kuba ibonelela ngee-axes ezimbini ezongezelelweyo zokujikeleza.
I-five-axis CNC machining ivumela isixhobo ukuba sihlale sibambekile kwindawo yokusika. Oku kwenza ukuba iindlela zesixhobo ezintsokothileyo nezisebenzayo zilandelwe, okukhokelela kwiindawo ezinomphezulu ongcono kunye namaxesha amafutshane omatshini.
Nangona kunjalo,5 axis cnc machiningnayo inemida yayo. Ijiyometri yesixhobo esisisiseko kunye nezithintelo zofikelelo lwesixhobo zisasebenza, umzekelo, iinxalenye ezinejiyometri yangaphakathi azinakwenziwa ngoomatshini. Ukongezelela, iindleko zokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezinjalo ziphezulu.
Ukuyila ii-Undercuts
I-Undercuts yimpawu ezingenakwenziwa ngoomatshini kunye nezixhobo zokusika ezisemgangathweni ngenxa yokuba ezinye iindawo zazo azifumaneki ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka phezulu. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-undercuts: i-T-slots kunye ne-dovetails. Ii-Undercuts zingaba calanye okanye ziphindwe kabini kwaye zenziwe ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
Izixhobo zokusika i-T-slot zenziwe ngokusisiseko kunye ne-horizontal cutting insert efakwe kwi-vertical shaft. Ububanzi be-undercut bunokwahluka phakathi kwe-3 mm kunye ne-40 mm. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo (oko kukuthi, ukunyuswa kweemilimitha ezipheleleyo okanye amaqhezu aqhelekileyo ee-intshi) kububanzi kuba isixhobo silindeleke ukuba sele sikhona.
Kwizixhobo zedovetail, i-engile yinkalo echazayo. Izixhobo ze-dovetail ze-45 ° kunye ne-60 ° zibhekwa njengesiqhelo.
Xa uyila inxalenye kunye ne-undercuts kwiindonga zangaphakathi, khumbula ukongeza imvume eyaneleyo yesixhobo. Umgaqo olungileyo wobhontsi kukongeza isithuba phakathi kodonga olwenziwa ngoomatshini kunye naziphi na ezinye iindonga zangaphakathi ezilingana nobuncinci ngokuphindwe kane ubunzulu be-undercut.
Kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo, umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo phakathi kobubanzi bokusika kunye nobubanzi be-shaft yi-2: 1, ukunciphisa ubunzulu bokusika. Xa i-undercut engekho-standard ifunekayo, iivenkile zoomatshini zihlala zenza izixhobo zazo ezisikiweyo. Oku kwandisa ixesha kunye neendleko kwaye kufuneka kuphetshwe nanini na kunokwenzeka.
I-T-slot kudonga lwangaphakathi (ekhohlo), i-undercut ye-dovetail (embindini), kunye ne-undercut yecala elinye (ekunene)
Ukuyilwa kweMizobo yoBugcisa
Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezinye iinkcukacha zoyilo azinakubandakanywa kwi-STEP okanye iifayile ze-IGES. Imizobo yobugcisa be-2D iyafuneka ukuba imodeli yakho ibandakanya enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo:
Imingxuma enemisonto okanye iishafti
Imilinganiselo enyamelweyo
Iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokugqiba umgangatho
Amanqaku abaqhubi boomatshini be-CNC
Imigaqo kabhontsi
1. Yila icandelo eliza kwenziwa ngoomatshini ngesixhobo esikhulu sedayamitha.
2. Yongeza iifillet ezinkulu (ubuncinci ⅓ x ubunzulu bomgodi) kuzo zonke iikona zangaphakathi ezithe nkqo.
3. Nciphisa ubunzulu bomgodi ukuya kuma-4 ububanzi bawo.
4. Lungelelanisa ezona mpawu ziphambili zoyilo lwakho kwicala elinye lamacala amathandathu. Ukuba oku akunakwenzeka, khethaIinkonzo ze-5 ze-axis cnc machining.
5. Ngenisa imizobo yobugcisa kunye noyilo lwakho xa uyilo lwakho lubandakanya imicu, ukunyamezela, ukucaciswa komphezulu wokugqiba, okanye amanye amagqabantshintshi kubaqhubi boomatshini.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi okanye ukubuza, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana info@anebon.com.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-13-2024