Kodi mungaweruze bwanji mtundu wa mzere wa msonkhano?
Chinsinsi ndicho kupewa kuti zolakwika zisachitike.
Kodi "kutsimikizira zolakwika" ndi chiyani?
Poka-YOKE amatchedwa POKA-YOKE m'Chijapani ndi Umboni Wolakwika kapena Umboni Wopusa mu Chingerezi.
N'chifukwa chiyani Japanese akutchulidwa apa? Anzake omwe amagwira ntchito m'makampani opanga magalimoto kapena opanga zinthu ayenera kudziwa kapena kumva za Toyota Production System (TPS) ya Toyota Motor Corporation.
Lingaliro la POKA-YOKE linapangidwa koyamba ndi Shingo Shingo, katswiri wa kasamalidwe ka khalidwe la ku Japan komanso woyambitsa TOYOTA Production System, ndipo adapangidwa kukhala chida chothandizira kulephera kwa zero ndipo potsirizira pake kuthetsa kuwunika kwa khalidwe.
Kunena zowona, poka-goli amatanthauza kuletsa zolakwika kuti zisachitike. Kuti timvetse bwino poka-goli, tiyeni tione kaye “zolakwa” ndi chifukwa chake zimachitika.
"Zolakwa" zimayambitsa zopatuka pazoyembekeza, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa zolakwika, ndipo chifukwa chachikulu ndikuti anthu ndi osasamala, osazindikira, ndi zina zambiri.
M'makampani opanga zinthu, nkhawa yathu yayikulu ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zolakwika. "Munthu, makina, zinthu, njira, chilengedwe" zonse zingapangitse zolakwika.
Zolakwa za anthu nzosapeŵeka ndipo sizingapewedwe kotheratu. Zolakwika izi zitha kukhudzanso makina, zida, njira, chilengedwe, ndi miyeso, chifukwa malingaliro a anthu sakhala okhazikika nthawi zonse ndipo angayambitse zolakwika monga kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolakwika.
Chotsatira chake, lingaliro la "kupewa zolakwika" linatuluka, ndi cholinga chachikulu cholimbana ndi zolakwa za anthu. Nthawi zambiri sitikambirana zolakwika za zida ndi zinthu munthawi yomweyo.
1. Kodi zolakwa za anthu n'chiyani?
Kuyiwala, kutanthauzira molakwika, kusazindikirika molakwika, zolakwitsa zoyamba, zolakwitsa mwadala, zolakwitsa zosasamala, zolakwa zachisangalalo, zolakwika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa miyezo, zolakwitsa zongochitika mwadala, ndi zolakwika zadala.
1. Kuyiwala:Tikapanda kuika maganizo athu pa chinthu china, tingaiwale.
2. Kumvetsetsa zolakwika:Nthawi zambiri timatanthauzira zatsopano potengera zomwe takumana nazo m'mbuyomu.
3. Zolakwika pazizindikiritso:Zolakwika zitha kuchitika ngati tiyang'ana mwachangu, osawona bwino, kapena osalabadira.
4. Zolakwika zoyambira:Zolakwa chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso; mwachitsanzo, antchito atsopano nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa kwambiri kuposa ogwira ntchito odziwa zambiri.
5. Zolakwa mwadala:Zolakwa zopangidwa posankha kusatsatira malamulo ena panthawi inayake, monga kuyendetsa kuwala kofiira.
6. Zolakwa zosadziwika:Zolakwa zobwera chifukwa cha kusadziwa, mwachitsanzo, kuwoloka msewu mosazindikira osazindikira kuwala kofiyira.
7. Zolakwika za Inertia:Zolakwa zobwera chifukwa choganiza pang'onopang'ono kapena kuchitapo kanthu, monga kutsika pang'onopang'ono.
8. Zolakwa zobwera chifukwa chosowa miyezo:Popanda malamulo, padzakhala chisokonezo.
9. Zolakwika mwangozi:Zolakwa zobwera chifukwa cha zinthu zosayembekezereka, monga kulephera mwadzidzidzi kwa zida zina zoyendera.
10. Kulakwitsa dala:Kulakwitsa mwadala kwaumunthu, komwe ndi khalidwe loipa.
2. Kodi zolakwika izi zimabweretsa zotsatira zotani pakupanga?
Pali zitsanzo zambiri za zolakwika zomwe zimachitika panthawi yopanga.
Ziribe kanthu zomwe zimapangidwira, zolakwika izi zitha kubweretsa zotsatirazi pakupanga:
a. Kusowa njira
b. Vuto la ntchito
c. Vuto lokhazikitsa ntchito
d. Zigawo zomwe zikusowa
e. Kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lolakwika
f. Kulakwitsa kwa ntchito
g. Kusachita bwino
h. Kulakwitsa kosintha
ndi. Zolakwika zida magawo
j. Kukonzekera kolakwika
Ngati chifukwa ndi zotsatira za zolakwikazo zikugwirizana, timapeza chiwerengero chotsatira.
Pambuyo pofufuza zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira zake, tiyenera kuyamba kuzithetsa.
3. Zotsutsa ndi malingaliro a kupewa zolakwika
Kwa nthawi yayitali, makampani akuluakulu adalira "maphunziro ndi chilango" monga njira zazikulu zopewera zolakwika za anthu. Othandizira adaphunzitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo oyang'anira adagogomezera kufunikira kokhala okhwima, olimbikira, komanso osamala kwambiri. Zolakwa zikachitika, malipiro ndi mabonasi nthawi zambiri ankachotsedwa monga chilango. Komabe, n’kovuta kuthetsa zolakwa zobwera chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza kapena kuiwala kwa anthu. Choncho, njira yopewera zolakwika za "maphunziro ndi chilango" sizinayende bwino. Njira yatsopano yopewera zolakwika, POKA-YOKE, imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo kapena njira zina zothandizira ogwira ntchito kuti azindikire zolakwika panthawi ya ntchito kapena kuteteza zolakwika pambuyo pa zolakwika zogwirira ntchito. Izi zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kudzifufuza okha ndikupangitsa kuti zolakwika ziwonekere.
Musanayambe, ndikofunikira kutsindika mfundo zingapo zopewera zolakwika:
1. Pewani kuwonjezera pa ntchito za ogwira ntchito kuti muwonetsetse kuti ntchito zikuyenda bwino.
2. Ganizirani za ndalama ndipo pewani kutsata zinthu zodula popanda kuganizira momwe zimagwirira ntchito.
3. Perekani ndemanga zenizeni nthawi iliyonse ngati n'kotheka.
4. Mfundo khumi zazikulu zopewera zolakwika ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake
Kuchokera ku njira mpaka kupha, tili ndi mfundo zazikulu 10 zopewera zolakwika ndi momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito.
1. Mfundo yochotsa mizu
Zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika zidzachotsedwa muzu kuti mupewe zolakwika.
Chithunzi pamwambapa ndi gulu la pulasitiki la makina opangira zida.
Kuphulika ndi groove zimapangidwira mwadala pamagulu ndi maziko kuti apewe momwe pulasitiki imayikidwa mozondoka kuchokera pamapangidwe.
2. Mfundo yachitetezo
Zochita ziwiri kapena zingapo ziyenera kuchitidwa limodzi kapena motsatizana kuti amalize ntchitoyi.
Ogwira ntchito ambiri omwe amagwira nawo ntchito zopondaponda amalephera kuchotsa manja kapena zala zawo panthawi yomwe akupondaponda, zomwe zingayambitse kuvulala koopsa. Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa kuti zida zosindikizira zitha kugwira ntchito pokhapokha manja onse awiri akasindikiza batani limodzi. Powonjezera kabati yoteteza pansi pa nkhungu, chitetezo chowonjezera chikhoza kuperekedwa, kupereka chitetezo kawiri.
3. Zodziwikiratu mfundo
Gwiritsani ntchito mfundo zosiyanasiyana za kuwala, zamagetsi, zamakina, ndi mankhwala kuti muwongolere kapena kulimbikitsa zochita zinazake kuti mupewe zolakwika.
Ngati kuyika sikuli m'malo, sensa imatumiza chizindikiro ku terminal ndikupereka chikumbutso ngati mluzu, kuwala kowala, ndi kugwedezeka.
4. Mfundo yotsatirira
Mwa kutsimikizira kugwirizana kwa zomwe zikuchitikazo, zolakwika zitha kupewedwa. Chitsanzochi chikufanana kwambiri ndi mfundo yodula mizu. Chivundikirocho chimapangidwa kuti chidutse mbali imodzi ndikufalikira mbali inayo; thupi lofananira limapangidwanso kuti likhale ndi mbali imodzi yapamwamba komanso yotsika ndipo ikhoza kuikidwa kumbali imodzi.
5. Mfundo yotsatizana
Kuti mupewe kubweza dongosolo kapena njira yantchito, mutha kuyikonza mwadongosolo la manambala.
Pamwambapa ndi barcode yomwe idzasindikizidwe pokhapokha mutadutsa kuyendera. Poyang'ana koyamba kenako ndikupereka barcode, titha kupewa kuphonya njira yoyendera.
6. Mfundo yodzipatula
Siyanitsani madera osiyanasiyana kuti muteteze madera ena ndikupewa zolakwika.
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa zida zofooketsa za laser pagulu la zida. Izi zida adzakhala basi kudziwa zenizeni linanena bungwe udindo wa ndondomekoyi. Ngati ipezeka kuti ndi yosayenerera, mankhwalawa sangachotsedwe ndipo adzayikidwa m'malo osankhidwa kuti akhale osayenerera.zopangidwa ndi makina.
7. Copy mfundo
Ngati ntchito imodzimodziyo ikufunika kuchitidwa kaŵirikaŵiri, imatsirizidwa ndi “kukopera.”
Chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa kumanzere ndi kumanjamagawo a cncwa windshield. Zapangidwa mofanana, osati zowonetsera. Kupyolera mu kukhathamiritsa kosalekeza, chiwerengero cha zigawo zachepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusamalira ndi kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa zolakwika.
8. Mfundo yosanjikiza
Kuti mupewe kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana molakwika, yesani kuzisiyanitsa.
Pali kusiyana mwatsatanetsatane pakati pa zigawo zapamwamba ndi zotsika, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuti ogwira ntchito azisiyanitsa ndi kusonkhanitsa pambuyo pake.
9. Mfundo yochenjeza
Ngati chochitika chachilendo chikuchitika, chenjezo likhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zoonekeratu kapena phokoso ndi kuwala. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto. Mwachitsanzo, liwiro likakwera kwambiri kapena lamba wapampando sunamangidwe, alamu imayambitsidwa (ndi kuwala ndi chikumbutso cha mawu).
10. Mfundo yochepetsera
Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika.
Zolekanitsa za makatoni zimasinthidwa kukhala zopangira ma blister tray, ndipo zotetezera zimawonjezedwa pakati pa zigawo kuti penti isagwe.
Ngati sitilabadira kupewa zolakwika pamzere wopanga msonkhano wa CNC, zimabweretsanso zotsatira zosasinthika komanso zazikulu:
Ngati makina a CNC sali osankhidwa bwino, amatha kutulutsa mbali zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi miyeso yodziwika, zomwe zimatsogolera kuzinthu zopanda pake zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena kugulitsidwa.
Zolakwika mucnc kupanga ndondomekozitha kupangitsa kuti zida zowonongeka komanso kufunika kokonzanso, kukulitsa kwambiri ndalama zopangira.
Ngati cholakwika chachikulu chikapezeka mochedwa popanga, zitha kuchedwetsa kwambiri popeza mbali zolakwikazo ziyenera kukonzedwanso, ndikusokoneza dongosolo lonse lopanga.
Zowopsa Zachitetezo:
Magawo opangidwa molakwika amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachitetezo ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito movutikira, monga zakuthambo kapena zida zamagalimoto, zomwe zitha kubweretsa ngozi kapena kulephera.
Kuwonongeka kwa Zida:
Zolakwika pakupanga mapulogalamu kapena kuyika zingayambitse kugundana pakati pa chida cha makina ndi chogwirira ntchito, kuwononga zida zodula za CNC ndikupangitsa kukonzanso kokwera mtengo komanso kutsika.
Kuwononga Mbiri:
Nthawi zonse kutulutsa zotsika kapena zolakwikamagawo a cnczingawononge mbiri ya kampani, zomwe zingawononge makasitomala ndi mwayi wamalonda.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-29-2024